TRIAL EDITION — UNDER CONSTRUCTION

 KɔNNI – ENGLISH DICTIONARY

Franz Kröger

Note: This word list was originally intended to be merely an index of Kɔnni words in the main text of my book (Kröger and Baluri Saibau, First notes on Koma Culture, 2010) and a help for the translation of Kɔnni texts. Eventually, I decided to publish my complete Kɔnni word list, which also includes words and forms found in Tony Naden’s and Michael Cahill’s papers.
I tried to adopt the orthographical system of GILLBT (Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation), as mainly created by Michael Cahill and used by Konlan Kpeebi and my Koma assistants.
Verbs: According to Cahill (pp. 72-73), ‘the Perfect aspect morpheme is -yá/-yé in intransitive clauses… and wá/-wó in clauses with an overt direct object. It denotes a completed action, whether in the recent or distant past’. This statement was fully approved by my own informants, who also claim that for verbs that may be transitive or intransitive, -wa always goes with -ya, and -wo always goes with -ye.
In {…} brackets I added the  cognate Buli term. The expert reader may decide whether it is to be regarded as a correct cognate or not.

 

Abbreviations used in the list

adj.: adjective
def.: definite form
emph.: emphatic
GhE: Ghanaian English
lit.: literally
lw.: loan word
n.: noun
Nangr.: Nangurma dialect
p.a.: perfect aspect of verb (completed action) in intransitive / transitive clauses (Cahill p. 72); forms of this word list by Salifu
pl.: plural
sg.: singular
sp.: species, specific
syn.: synonym, synonymous with
transl.: translated (by, as)
v.n.: verbal noun, gerund
v.: verb; Yikp.: Yikpabongo dialect
Sources:Ar.: Arabic (Ar. Hausa = Arabic by way of Hausa)
Ba: Ben Baluri Saibu
Ca: Michael Cahill (2007b)
Da: David Nasigiri (Yikpabongo)
Kp: Konlan Kpeebi,
Na: Tony Naden (1986)
Sa: Salifu Mumuni

Kinship terms:

Fa: father
Mo: mother
So: son
Da: daughter
Br: brother
Si: sister
Wi: wife
Hu: husband

Tone 

[h] high
[l] low

Buli word  {…}

A

a [h], and (Ca: joins verbs)
a [Sa: h; Ca:l], their, non-human (Ca)
a- [h], numeral prefix for non humans, syn. aba- (Ca)
aaliŋ, adj., slimy
aba- [h l], numeral prefix for non-humans, kpibie abata, three lice (Ca)
abekpaaŋ [h l h], def. abekpaabu [h l h l], pl. abekpaati [h l h h], def. abekpaatiti [h l h h h], palm oil (abe, lw. Twi, kpaang, ‘oil’)
abetiiŋ [l l h], def. abetiika, pl. abetiisi, def. abetiisisi, palm tree (Sa)
adʋwa [h l l], def. adʋwaka, pl. adʋwasi, white bean (Ca: Twi)
agbaa saŋŋa [h h l l], noon (Sa), cf. saŋ(ŋ)a (time)
ajakʋŋkʋŋ [h l l l], def. ajakʋŋkʋŋku [h l l l h], pl. ajakʋŋkʋŋsi [h l l l l], def. pl. ajakʋŋkʋŋsisi owl (Kp)
Akara [h h l] (kpiiŋ), senior woman
(e.g. wife of a chief); one of the Magazia’s assistants
alaafɩa, alafɩya [h l l], (Ar. Hausa; Na), alaamfɩya (Ca), lanfɩa, health, healthy (Sa)
Alaarɩba [h l l l], (Ar. Hausa), Wednesday; name for a girl born on a Wednesday: Laarɩba {La(a)riba}
Alahɩrɩ [h l h l], (Ar. Hausa), Sunday; name of a girl born on a Sunday: Lasɩrɩ {Laadi}
Alamɩsɩ [h l l l], (Ar. Hausa), Thursday; name of a girl born on a Thursday: Lamɩsɩ or Alamɩsɩ {Lamisi}
ale [h l], def. alewo, two (Sa)
alɩbarɩka, alɩbarka [h l l h l], (Hausa: albarka), blessing (Ca)
alɩbɛsa, (Ca), alɩbasa (Sa) [h l l l], (Hausa albasa), def. alɩbasaka [h l l l h], pl. alɩbasasi [h l l l l], def. pl. alibasasisi [h l l l h h], onion {alabasa}
alikodo [h l l h], def. alikodoke [h l l h h], pl. alikodosi [h l l h l], def. pl. alikodosisi [h l l h h h], grey baft (cotton cloth woven in a textile factory)
Alɩzʋma, Aljɩma [h h l l], (Ar. Hausa), Friday (Kp) {Azuma}
amaa [h l], but (Ca)
amanɩ [h l l], def. amanɩka [h l l h], pl. amanɩsɩ [h l l l], def. pl. amanɩsɩsɩ [h l l l h], (lw.), small fish, GhE ‘cater boys’, ‘Keta boys’
anii [h l], eight (Sa) {naaning}
aniŋ [h l], (non-human, emph.), it (Ca)
anɩsa, anɩɩsa [h l h], (Ca, Sa), four {-naansi}
anʋ [h l] , five (Sa) {-nu}
aŋaŋ [l h], aŋam, ŋam, aŋ, and, with, also (Ca: joins noun phrases)
aŋkɔra [h l l], def. aŋkɔrika, aŋkurika [h l l h], pl. aŋkɔrisi [h l l l], (Ca, Sa), def. pl. aŋkɔrisisi [h l l l 1] barrel, drum {ankoara, lw.}
aŋmɩa [h l], aŋmɩya, how much? (Ca)
Apuo [h l], (lw.), title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
arizana [h l l l], def. arizanaka [h l l l h], heaven, paradise (Sa)
asara, asarɩ[h h l], def, asarɩka [h h l h], pl. asarɩsɩ [h h l l], def. pl. asarɩsɩsɩ [h h l l h], powdered tobacco (Ba) {sarik}
asarɩ kuolɩŋ, def. asarɩ kuolɩku, pl. asarɩ kuolɩtɩ, def. pl. asarɩ kuolɩtɩtɩ, small gourd-container (kuolɩŋ) for powdered tobacco (asari), {cf. kunkoluk, calabash-container}
Asibiri [h h l l], Saturday; name for a girl born on a Saturday: Asibi; boy: Sibri {Asibi}
ata, three (Ca, Sa) {-ta}
Atalaata [h l h l], Tuesday; name for a girl born on a Tuesday: Talaata {Talaata}
Atanɩ [h l h], Monday; name for a girl born on a Monday: Tanɩ {day: Atani, name: Teni}
ataŋ [h k] / bataŋ [l h], other, some (Ca: non humans)
Atebu kuuŋ [h l l h], def. Atebu kuuri [h l l h h], pl. Atebu kura [h l l h h], def. pl. Atebu kuraha [h l l h h h], (cf. kuuŋ, hoe), type of hoe named after the town of Atebubu (Photo 103)
awai [h l], nine (Sa)
Awusi [h h l], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
ayɔɔba [h l l], six (Sa) {-yuebi}
ayɔpoɩ [h l h], seven (Sa) {-yuepoi}

B

ba, be [h], they, them (humans), ba mana, they all – N woliŋ be. I have taken the lead over them. {ba miena} cf. banɩŋ
ba [h], (to say), see balɩ and baarɩ
ba ŋmɩa? [h l] how many? (Sa)
ba- [h], numeral prefix for humans, e.g. bata, three, bayɔɔba, six
baa [h], to intend, will (Ca), to be going to (Ba), cf. bang – Ni liawa baa yiali wa churu. Your daughter intends (is going) to marry (her husband).
baalɩ [h l], to sew, to mend (Sa) {baali}
baalɩ [h l] def. baalɩku [h l h], pl. baalɩtɩ [h l h], def. baalɩtɩtɩ [h l h h], calabash mending
baalɩŋ [h h], sth. sewn or mended (e.g. a calabash or a dress, Da) – Baalɩng wonde. This is a sewn thing.
baaŋ, baama [l h], p.a.- ya, to show (Sa, Ca)
baarɩ [h l], to repeat oneself, to go round – Nɩ baari. You repeat yourselves – baarɩ gɩŋgaŋ, to go around the drum (Ba)
baarɩ [h l], to say, (Sa: referring to a third person, quoting another person), cf. balɩ, v.
bachahaŋ [l l h], def. bachahaaka [l l h h], pl. bachahaasi [l l h h l], def. bachahaasisi [l l h h h], Marsh Mongoose, Atilax paludinosus (Da, Sa)
bafantʋa [l l lh], def. bafantuaka [l l lh h], pl. bafantuasi [l l lh l], def. pl. bafantuasisi [l l lh h h] sp. beat in drumming (e.g. of tampang)
bagaba [l h l], def. bagabaka [l h l h], pl. bagabasi [l h l l], def. bagabasisi [l h l h h] (forest) squirrel (Ca)
bagɩtɩ, bɔgetɩ [l l l], def. bagɩtɩke [l l l h], pl. bagetɩsɩ [l l l l], def. pl. bagetɩsɩsɩ [l l l h h], (lw. Engl.), bucket (Ca, Sa)
bajuuŋ [h l], def. bajuuku [h l h], pl. bajuuti [h l h], def. bajuutiti [h l h h], Cusimanse or Long-nosed Mongoose, Mungos obscurus (Da)
bakʋra jʋaŋ [h l l lh], see jʋaŋ
bakwaɩ [ ] (lw. Hausa bokwai), week {bakoai}
bala [h l], placenta {koala}
balɩ, bɛlɩ [h l], ba (Ca: fronting a<ɛ is optional), p.a. -wa, to say, to tell, to speak, to talk, to narrate (Sa, Ca) – M baam balɩ wa wunsie. I am going to speak the truth (Sa). – cf. ba, v., baarɩ, v. and balɩŋ, n.
balɩkiŋ [l h h], spoken, cf. ja-balikiŋ, language (Ca, Sa)
balɩnbʋʋŋ [l h h], def. balɩnbʋʋku [l lh l l], pl. balɩnbʋʋsi [l lh h l], def. pl. balɩnbʋʋsisi [l lh l h h] sp. tree (Sa), Piliostigma thonningii?
balɩnbʋʋtɩ [h l h l], ropes made from fibres of the balɩnbuuŋ-tree, worn by widows (Ba)
balɩŋ [h l], def. balɩŋku [h l h], pl. (nyiŋ-)balɩka, def. pl. (nyiŋ-)balɩkaha speech, language, talking (Ca); cf. balɩ, v.
ballɩ [h l], (children), see bua
ballɩhaala [l l h l], lit. ‘new children’, youth (Sa)
banchɩ [h l], (lw. Akan abankye), manioc, cassava (Sa) {banchibik}
bandaa [l h], def. bandaawa [l h h], pl. bandaaling, def. pl. bandaaliba, friend (man or woman, not amorous)
banda(a)la ligiriŋ [l h l l l lh], def. bandala ligiribu [l h l l l l], pl. bandala ligire [l h l l l h], def. pl. bandala ligirehe [l h l l l l h], courtship money (Ba, Sa), ‘love-money’, cf. banzuala
banɩŋ [l h], they (Ca: persons, emphatic), cf. ba {ba}
banlagiŋ [l l h], def. banlagiri [l l h h], pl. banlaga [l l h], def. banlagaha [l l h h], hole for seed (Ca)
banwʋla [h h l], def. banwʋlaka [l l l h], pl. banwʋlasi [h h l l] Sept16 [l l l l], def. pl. banwʋlasisi [h h l l h] Sept 16: [l l l h h], marriage dance (without kantana-horns)
banzuala [h l l], friendship, love
baŋ [h], to intend (Ca), see also baa
baŋ [h], ten,
baŋ-aŋaŋ-anɩɩsa [h – l h – h l h], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-anɩɩsawa [h – l h – h l h h] fourteen (Sa)
baŋ-aŋaŋ-ale [h – l h – h l], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-alewo [h – l h – h l h] twelve (Sa)
baŋ-aŋaŋ-anɩɩ [h – l h – l h], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-anɩɩwo [h – l h – l h h], eighteen
baŋ-aŋaŋ-ata [h – l h – h h], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-atawa [h – l h – h h h] thirteen (Sa)
baŋ-aŋan-awaɩ [h – l h -h l], def. baŋ-aŋan-awaɩwa [h – l h -h l h] nineteen (Sa)
baŋ-aŋaŋ-ayɔɔba [h – l h – h l h], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-ayɔɔbawa [h – l h – h l h h] sixteen(Sa)
baŋ-aŋaŋ-ayɔpoi [h – l h – h l h], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-ayɔpoiwa [h – l h – h l h h] seventeen (Sa)
baŋ-aŋaŋ-kaanɩ [h – l h – h l], def. baŋ-aŋaŋ-kaanɩwa [h – l h – h l h], eleven (Sa)
baŋɩsɩle [h l l h], def. baŋɩsɩlewo [h l l h h] twenty (Sa)
baŋɩsɩle-aŋaŋ-ale [h l l h – l h – h l], def. baŋɩsɩle-aŋaŋ-alewo [h l l h – l h – h l h] twenty-two (Sa)
baŋɩsile-aŋaŋ-kaanɩ [h l l h – l h – h l], def. baŋɩsile-aŋaŋ-kaanɩwa [h l l h – l h – h l h], twenty-one (Sa)
baŋɩsɩnɩɩ [h l l h], def. baŋɩsɩnɩɩwo [h l l h h], eighty (Sa)
baŋɩsɩnɩɩsa [h l l h l], def. baŋɩsɩnɩɩsawa [h l l h l h], forty (Sa)
baŋɩsɩnʋ [h l h l], def. baŋɩsɩnʋ [h l h l], fifty(Sa)
baŋɩsɩta [h l h l], def. baŋɩsɩtawa [h l h l h], thirty (Sa) {pisita}
baŋɩsɩwaɩ [h l h l], def. baŋɩsɩwaɩ [h l h l], ninety (Sa)
baŋɩsɩ-yɔɔba [h l l – l h], def. baŋɩsɩ-yɔɔbawa [h l l – l h h] sixty (Sa)
baŋɩsɩ-yɔpoɩ [h l l – l h], def. baŋɩsɩ-yɔpoɩwa [h l l – l h h] seventy (Sa)
baŋŋɩŋ [l h], def. baŋŋɩŋka [l h h], pl. baŋŋɩsɩ [l h l], def. pl. baŋŋɩsɩsɩ [l h l h], (Sa, Ba), bangle, armlet, wristlet; warɩ baŋŋɩŋ, heavy brass (lit. ‘gold’) bangle worn around the wrist; kuti baŋŋɩŋ, iron bangle, metal bangle; cf. nubaŋŋɩŋ (Da) {bang}
baŋzʋala [h l h], hɔgʋ, def. baŋzʋala hɔgʋwa, pl. baŋzʋalahɔgʋba, def. baŋzʋala [h l h] hɔgʋbaha, a girl given to a friend for marriage (Ba)
gbanyʋʋgɩŋ [h l h], def. gbanyʋʋgurɩ, [h l h h], pl. gbanyʋʋga [h l h h], def. gbanyʋʋgaha [h l h h h], soup leaves sp. (Ca)
barɩma [h l l], (rain) go away! (deep Kɔnni?)
barɩŋ, [l h], def. barɩka [l h h], pl. barɩsɩ [l h l], def. pl. barisisi [l h l h], small knife (Ca), shaving knife; razor, cf. Barisi
Barisi [h h l], (sg. Bariŋ rare), name of a Koma clan (in the past specialised in cutting hair)
bataŋ [h h], others, some, some persons (Ca)
batɩ [h l], to poison (Ba), to trap (Sa); batɩ chachabɩ, to set a trap (Sa) {bari}
batɩgɩŋ [h l h], def. batɩgɩrɩ [h l h h], pl. batɩgɩsɩ [h l h l], def. pl. batɩgɩsɩsɩ [h l h l h], poisoning (Ba) {baruk, trap, poison}
batɩŋ [h l], def. batɩka [h l h], pl. batɩsɩ [h l l], Sept16 [h l h], def. batɩsɩsɩ [h l h h], box for tobacco (Sa, Na), cf. balɩŋ
Batʋʋlɩŋ [h l l], def. Batʋʋlɩke, pl. Batʋʋlɩsɩ, def. Batʋʋlɩsɩsɩi, English, (language or man, Ca)
bawulenuŋ [h h l l], def. bawulenuŋwo [h h l l h], pl. bawuleniile [ def. bawuleniilebe, sp. fish, Tilapia sp.? (Da)
baya [h l], (to get lost, Na), see bia
bee [h], (to be, locative, Ca), see bie and beri
bee, be [h], (what), see bia
beeli [h l], to accompany (Sa) {bani}
beeti [h l], pl., pearls
bakwaɩ [h l], (lw. Hausa bokwai), week {bakoai}
belivinti [l l h l], charcoal of a particular shrub (Ba)
bemme, bene [h l], to stay, to live (Sa), …a yii lanfia bemme (prayer), …and give good health [to live] {beni}
bentiŋ, Sa: bantiŋ [h h], def. bentike[h h h], pl. bente [h h l], calabash-drum (Na, Da)
beŋ [h], def. benni [h h], pl. bene [h l], def. benehe [h h h], tribal mark, tribal scar (Ca, Ba)
beri, bɛri [h l], to dwell, live (Sa), to be, to exist, to be there {boro}
beri [h l], to have sexual intercourse, to cohabit (Da) {gberi}
bɛlɩ (to speak), see balɩ
bi [h], (to be ripe), see bii
bi [h]. to repeat, transl. ‘again’ (Sa); cf. vi
bɩa [h], (Na: bee, be, Ca: bɩya) what? why? Bɩa wonde? What is this? {boa}
bɩa [l], to get lost, to lose (Sa), cf. jabiakiŋ {be}
bɩagɩ [l] to be able, to manage (Ca, Sa) {bagi}
bɩaŋ [h h], pl. bɩatɩ, bad, sinful (Ca, Sa); vuo bɩaŋ, bad person; saam bɩaŋ, bad name {biok}
bɩbalɩtʋ [l h h l], talker (Ca)
bie, bee [h], to be (locative) – U bie ti jigiŋ. She is with us (Ba). Cf. beri
bii, bi [h], p.a. -ya, to be ripe, to be mature, to ripen – Taamaha biye miŋ. The shea nuts are ripe (Sa). {be} cf. biikiŋ, adj.
biikiŋ [h l], adj., ripe (Ca), cf. bii, v.
biiŋ [h], def. biiku [h h], pl. bie [lh], def. biehe [lh h], goat (Sa) {buuk}
bɩɩsɩ [h l], p.a. -ya/-wa, to count (Ca, Sa)
bɩɩsɩnʋaŋ [h l h], def. bɩɩsɩnʋarɩ [h l h h], pl. bɩɩsɩnʋa [h l h], lit. ‘breast-mouth’, nipple (Ca) {biisi-noa}
bɩɩsiŋ [h h], appelation, praise-name? (Ba) {busein}
bɩɩsiŋ [h h], def. bɩɩsibu, milk (Ca) {biisim}
bɩɩsiŋ [l h], def. bɩɩsirɩ, pl. bɩɩsa, def. bɩɩsaha, (female) breast (Ca) {biisiri, pl. biisa, female breast}
bɩɩsɩnyaaŋ [h l h], def. bɩɩsɩnyaabu [h l h h], Sept16: [h l h l], pl. bɩɩsɩnyaati [h l h l], Sept16 [h l h h], def. bɩɩsɩnyaatɩitɩ [h l h h h], lit. ‘breast-water’, breast milk (Ca, Sa); wo bɩɩsɩnyaaŋ, to have not [enough] breastmilk
bikpiiŋ [h h], def. bikpiike [h h h], pl. bikpiisi or (rarer) bikpiiŋsi [h h l], def. bikpiisisi [h h h h], orphan; bikpiisi saaŋ, orphans’ meal as part of the gaasiŋ ritual {kping)
bɩla, river, watering place (Ca) {beli}
bɩllɔgɩsɩŋ, bɩllɔksɩŋ [h l hl], def. bɩllɔgɩsɩbu wind (Ca, Sa)
bimbelimiŋ, bimbeliŋ [h l l l], def. bimbeliŋke [h l l h], pl. bimbelinsi [h l l l], def. bimbelinsisi [h l h h h], (metal) bell, e.g. for donkeys and horses (Ca, Da, Sa)
bimvaarɩtu [h l l h], faeces collector (Ca)
bindudu [h l l], def. binduke [h l h], pl. bindusi [h l l], def. bindusisi [h l h h ], dung beetle (Ca), cf. binti, ‘faeces’ {bilim-binta}
binti [h l], (pl.), def. bintiti [h h h], excrement, faeces (Na, Sa) {binta}
biŋ [h], def. binni [h h], , pl. bie [h], def. biehe [h h], seed; biŋ-kpiaŋ, dry seed (Ca) {biri, pl. bie}
biŋ [lh], def. binni. pl. bina, def. binaha, year (Ca, Ba) {bein / bena}
biŋ [h], pl. bisi, small, little (Ca, Ba); bua biŋ, small child, chua biŋ, small ceramic vessel {bili}
biŋbeli [h h l], type of mat (Da)
biŋiliŋiŋ [h l l h], def. biŋiliŋke [h l l h], pl. biŋilinsi [h l l l], tree sp. (Ca)
bɩŋkpɩaŋ [h l l], def. bɩŋkpiaku [h l h], pl. bɩŋkpɩati [h l l], def. bɩŋkpɩatɩtɩ [h l h h], shoulder
bɩrɩŋ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to grow (Sa)
bɩsɩɩbɩŋ [h h l], pl. bɩsɩɩbɩtɩ, fibre of dawa-dawa pod {sieng}
bɩta [l h], few (Sa), small (Ca), cf. biŋ
bɩtabɩta (bɩɩtabɩɩta, Na) [l h l h], gradually
bɩtalɩ [l h l], def. bɩtalɩka [l h l h], pl. bɩtala [l h l], def. bɩtalaha [l h l h], buck, he-goat (Na, Sa), cf. bɩɩŋ (goat)
bitie-zoosi [l h – h l] (pl.), beard, lit. ‘hairs of the chin’
bitieŋ [l lh], def. bitieri [l lh l], (Ca), pl. bitie [l l], (Ca), bitiesi (Na), def. bitiehe [l h h] (Ca), chin, beard {tieng-kuruk}
bitiiŋ [l l l], def. bitiike [l l h], pl. bitiisi [l l l], def. bitiisisi [l l h h], West African Mole Rat, Cryptomys zechi (Da, Sa)
bɩya [l h], (what, Ca), see bɩa
Biyaŋsi [l h l], vernacular name of Nangurma village
boli-kaala [h l – h l], (pl.), def. pl. boli-kaalaha [h l – h l h], coal, charcoal, see boliŋ and kaala {kaala}
boliŋ [h l], fire (Ca), hell (Sa) – Boliŋ bie sia? Where is the fire? {bolim, fire}
boliŋ ja-chɔgsɩkɩŋ [h l – h – h l l h], (cf. boliŋ fire), def. boliŋ ja-chɔgsɩkɩrɩ [h l -h – h l l h h], pl. boliŋ nyiŋ-chɔgsɩka [h l -h – h l l h] def. boliŋ nyiŋ-chɔgsɩkaha [h l -h – h l l h h], plate or other container used for transporting hot coal
Boliŋ Chɩɩŋ [h l – h h], (lit. ‘fire moon’) Fire Festival {bolim, fire; chiik, moon}
boliŋnembɩŋ [h h l h], def. boliŋnembɩke [h h l h h] pl. boliŋnembɩsi [h h l h l], def. boliŋnembɩsɩisɩ [h h l h h h] lit. ‘fire-bird’, Pigmy Kingfisher (Ispidina picta) and Guinea Wood-Hoopooe or Kakelaar, Phoeniculus erythrorhynchos (Da)
bɔɔlɩŋ [h l], def. bɔɔlika [h l h], Sept16: [l l h], pl. bɔɔla [h l], [l l],def. bɔɔlaha [h l h], [l l h] (Sa), a type of vegetable
bɔrɩimɩŋ [l l h], bush animal, size of a donkey, wrongly called ‘zebra’
bɔbɩ [h l], p.a. wa/-ya, to bind, to fasten, to tie (Sa), plait, e.g. to plait hair {bobi} cf. yugi, to weave baskets
bɔbɩkɩŋ [l l h], tied, wrapped (Ca)
bɔbɩŋ [l lh], def. bɔbɩka [l h h], pl. bɔbɩsɩ [l l l], def. bɔbɩsɩsɩ [l l h h], head scarf (Ca) {bobik, pl. bobsa}
bɔg(ɩ)tɩ [l h l], fibres; see bɔŋ
bɔŋ [lh], bɔkku [h h], pl. bɔgiti, def. bɔgititi, fibre, rope, bɔg piɛliŋ, white fibre (Ca, Ba, Sa) {bog, pl. bogta}
bɔŋŋɔ [l l], def. bɔŋŋɔku [l l h], pl. bɔŋŋɔsɩ [l l l], def. pl.bɔŋŋɔsɩsɩ [l l h h], forest, wood (Sa), cf. Yikpabongo and Bongo (taŋgbaŋ)
bɔɔra [l l], def. bɔɔrika [l l h], pl. bɔɔrisi [l l h l], def. bɔɔrisisi [l l h h h], bag, sack (Ca, Sa) {boorik}
bʋ [h], it, non human (Ca)
bʋa [lh], def. bʋawa [h h], Sept16: [lh l], pl. balli [h l], Sept16: [l l], def. ballili [l h h], child, son, transl. ‘a little’, ligiri bua, a little money (Ca) {biik}
bʋa dembiŋ [h – h l], lit. ‘male child’, boy, son
bʋa hagiru [h – h h l], strong child, i.e. child that has not previously been ill {biik, child}
bʋa paa [h – h], (lw. Sisala), lit. ‘open hole’, grave for a child, simple type of grave (for only one person) (Ba)
bʋadia [h l], (lw. Twi), plantain (Sa) {boaderi}
bʋama [h l], to plead, to ask for forgiveness
bʋanyaalɩŋ [lh h lh], def. bʋanyaalɩka [lh h l h], pl. ballɩnyaala [l l h l], def. ballɩnyaalaha [l l h l h] or ballinyaalisisi, baby
bʋasɩŋ [h lh], (Sa: bɔsɩŋ), def. bʋasɩku [h h h], Sept16: [l l h], pl. bʋasɩtɩ [h h l], viper (Ca), Gaboon Viper, Bitis gabonica {boosuk}
bubi kpali [l l h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to mark the shape of a grave by means of a calabash-bowl (kpali), cf. vɔri bubkiŋ
bʋbɩlɩŋ, def. bʋbʋlɩka, pl. bʋbɩla, type of worm
bubukiŋ, worn; kagba-bubukiŋ, a worn hat (Ca)
bʋbʋrɩtu [l l l h], def. bʋbʋrɩtuwa [l l l h h], pl. bʋbʋrɩtiŋ, def. pl. bʋbʋrɩtiba sower (Ca)
bʋgɩ (Ca), bʋgɩrɩ [l h l], (Sa), p.a. -wa/-ya, to learn
bʋgɩ [h h] to divine, to soothsay, to consult a soothsayer (Ca, Sa), cf. bugɩtɩ, n. {bugi}
bugiliŋ [ ], def. bugiliŋke, pl. bugile [l l l], def. bugilehe [l l l h] type of bangle, cf. buuŋ, shrine (Sa, Da, Ba)
bu(gi)ra daŋ gbaniŋ [l h l – h – l h], def. bu(gi)ra daŋ gbanku [l h l – h – l h], pl. bu(gi)ra dang banti [l h l – h – l l], def. pl. bu(gi)ra dang gbantiti [l h l – h – h h h] divination stick (Sa, Ba)
bʋgɩrɩ [l h l], (to learn), see bʋgɩ
bʋgɩrɩtaŋ [l h l h], def. bʋgɩrɩtanni [l h l h h], pl. bʋgɩrɩtana [l h l h h], def. pl. bʋgɩrɩtanaha [l h l h h h], lit. ‘learn-stone’, bird sp. (Ca), cf. bʋrɩtaŋ (Da)
bʋgɩtɩ [l h l], divination (Ba), bʋgɩtɩ haaalɩŋ, divination spirit, cf. bugi, v. {gbanta}
bʋgʋrɩ [l h l], (to learn), see bʋgɩ
bʋgʋrɩtang [l h l h], def. bʋgʋrɩtanni [l h l h h], pl. bʋgʋrɩtana [l h l h l], def. pl. bʋgʋrɩtanaha
[l h l h h h] ankle-bone (Sa, Ca)
bʋgʋrʋ [h h l], def. bʋgʋrʋwa [h h l h] pl. bʋgɩrɩŋ [h h l], def. pl. bʋgɩrɩba [h h l h] soothsayer, diviner (Ba) {baanoa}
bʋkaata [l h h], def. bʋkaatɩka [l h h h], pl. bʋkaatɩsɩ [l h h l], well-being (Ca)
bule, bulie (Ca) [l h], two
buli [h l], p.a. -wo, to spring up, to ooze up (Ca) {bulik, ‘well’, buli, ‘to leak}
buliŋ, buluŋ [l h], def. bulike [l h h], pl. bulisi [l h l], def. bulisisi [l h h h], well (water), spring, fountain (Ca, Sa) {bulik}
bʋlɔgɩŋ [l l h], def. bʋlɔgɩrɩ [l l l l l], pl. bʋlɔga [l l h], def. pl. bʋlɔgaha [l l h h], bag, sack (Ca, Sa)
bʋlɔŋ [l h], bʋlɔgiŋ, def. bʋlɔkku [l h h], pl. bʋlɔgiti [l h h h], armpit (Ca, Sa) {buluk}
bʋlɔ(ŋ)gɩsɩŋ [h l l h], def. bʋlɔgɩsɩbu [h l l h h], wind, storm; bulɔ(ŋ)gɩsɩ bɩaŋ, a bad storm (Sa, Ca)
buluŋ [h h] (well), see buliŋ
bʋlʋŋ [l lh], (dabʋlʋŋ), def. bʋlʋkʋ [l l h], pl. bʋlʋtɩ [l l l], def. bʋlʋtɩtɩ [l l h h], pestle for crushing shea nuts (Da), cf. Fig. 26:19-20 {buluk}
bumboŋ [l lh], def. bumbonni [lh h h], pl. bumbuo [lh lh], (Ca), bumbone [lh h h], (Sa), def. bumbonehe [l lh lh h], (Sa) 1. granary made of mud inside a house (Ba), 2. big clay pot (Ca)
bʋnɩŋ [l lh], def. bʋnka [lh h], pl. bʋnsɩ [l l], def. bʋnsɩsɩ [lh h h] (Ca), donkey {boning}

bʋnsɩ daatɩ [h l – h l], lit. ‘donkey’s woods’, wooden parts of a donkey’s yoke
bʋnsɩ tooliŋ [h l – h l], (cf. tooliŋ, carrying pad), collar-like part of a donkey’s yoke, made of fibres or cloth
bʋntʋʋ-nyɩɩru [h l – h l], hoodless cobra (Ca: buntuuŋ, toad; nyɩɩ, to swallow)
bʋntʋʋŋ (Ca), bʋʋŋtʋŋ (Sa) [h l], def. bʋntʋʋrɩ [h l h], pl. bʋntʋra [h l h], def. bʋntʋraha [h l h h], toad (Ca, Sa) {buntoari}
bʋnyɩ [h l], once, one time – U keŋ womi bʋnyɩ. He came there once.
bʋrɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to plant, to sow (Sa) {buuri}
bʋrvmɩŋ [l l h], def. bʋrɩnnɩ [l l h], pl. bʋrɩnsɩ [l l l] (Da: bʋrɩma) def. bʋrɩnsɩsɩ [l l h h], Oryx antelope (Ca, Sa), Common Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Da)
bʋrɩŋ [l h], planted; ja-bʋrɩŋ, seed (Ca)
bʋrɩtaŋ [l h l h], def. bugiritanni, pl. bugiritanha [l h l h h], def. pl. buguritanaha [l h l h h h], Long-crested Helmet-Shrike, Prionops plumata (Da), cf. bʋgɩrɩtaŋ (Ca) {chiintain, lit. ‘count stone’, Prionops plumata}
buu-kpieŋ [l h h], powerful shrine, cf. buuŋ, shrine, syn. daagri kpiiŋ
buubu [h l], buubuge, fetish, god (Ca), shrine, cf. buuŋ
buuniŋ [h l], def. buumbu [h l h], pl. buune [h h], def. buunehe [h l h], boundary (Ca) {bain}
buuŋ [l h], def. buubu [l h], pl. bugile [l h l], def. bugilehe [l h l h], shrine, idol (Ba, Sa); buuŋ saaŋ, shrine name; buuŋ tieŋ, owner of a shrine {bogluk}
bʋʋra [h l], seeds (for sowing), za-bʋʋra [h l h], millet seeds, def. za-bʋʋraha [h – h h h], tu-bʋʋra, beans for sowing {buuri, za-buura, tu-buura}
bʋʋrɩŋ [l h], def. bʋʋrɩkʋ, bʋʋrɩbʋ, clan, tribe (Sa), ti bʋʋrɩk, our tribe (Ca); bʋʋrɩŋ pam, many tribes {buuri}

 

Ch

cha-, see also chia-
chaa [h], to become unconscious, p.a. -wa/-ya (Sa, Ba) {cha}
chaantɩ [h l ] (abstract n.), obligation of giving gifts to funeral visitors (Ba)
chaanɩŋ [h h], def. chaaŋku, no pl., bright, light (Sa)
chaanu [h l], def. chaan(u)wa [h l h] pl. chaaniŋ [h l], def. pl. chaamba [h l h], guest, visitor, stranger (Ca, Sa; Ba: neutral term; cf. jujuru: pejorative) {chaanoa}
chaaŋ [h], to be bright – Juoku chaaŋya miŋ. The room is bright.
chaaŋ (forge) see chaŋ
chaaŋtɩ, [h l], to stretch, widen (Na) {chaanti}
chaarɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to pour water on (Ba)
chaarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to winnow (Ca, Sa); chaarɩŋ, winnowing (Ca) {chaari}
chabi [h l], to go wrong
chabɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to hold the stick (of a diviner), to consult a diviner {chabli, ‘to hold}
chabɩŋ [h h], def. chabɩku [h h h], pl. chabɩtɩ [h h l], def. chabɩtɩtɩ [h h h h], scissors, (blacksmith’s) tongs (Sa)
chachabɩ [h h l], def. chachabɩka [h h l h], pl. chachabɩsɩ [h h l l], def. pl. chachabɩsɩsɩ [h h l h h], trap, e.g. iron hunting trap, snare for catching animals (Ba, Ca)
chafɩɩŋ [h h], (anus), see chɩafɩɩng
chagɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to satisfy, to be satisfied (Ca, Sa, Na) {chagi}
chagɩya [h h l], to become satisfied (Sa)
chakoli; chekuli [h l l], (buttocks), see chiakoli
chakpeli, chakpieli [h h l], def. chakpelike [h h l h], pl. chakpelisi [h h l l], def. chakpelisisi [h h l h h] Red-faced Grass-Warbler (Cisticola erythrops) and Yellow-fronted Tinker-bird (Pogoniulus chrysoconus (Da)
chamɩŋ [h l], def. channɩ [h h], pl. chama [h l l], def. chamaha [h l h], idiophone: fingerbell, finger castanets (Ca, Sa)
chanchaalɩŋ [h h l], age group
chanchulu [h h l], def.chanchulike [h h l h], pl. chanchule [h l l], def. pl. chanchulehe [h h l h], cloth (or string?) around the mourner’s wrist
chaŋ [h], def. channi or chaaku [h h], pl. chana or chaŋ ti [h l], def. pl. chanaha [h l h] or chaŋtiti [h h h], blacksmith’s workshop, forge, smithy (Ba) {chiok}
chaŋmɩŋ, pl.chaŋmɩna, blacksmith’s shrine
chara (prohibition), see chɔra
chasa or chɛsa, father’s junior brother, cf. chua kura, father’s elder brother (Sa)
chatɩ [h l] guinea corn (Sa)
chebiŋ [h h], small waist (Ca); cf. chiaŋ
cheetɩ, see chɩɩtɩ
cheli [h l] p.a. -ye, to tremble (Sa) {chali, to fear}
chensɩdaaŋ [l l h h], see chɩimsɩdaaŋ (dibble)
chesiga, chasiga [h l h], def. chesika [h l h], pl. chesigisi [h l h l], def. chesigisisi [h l h h h], (traditional) iron lighter {chesik}
chɛŋ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to fry (Sa, Ca) {chiim}
chɛsa (father’s junior brother), cf. chasa
chɩ [h], (to carry), see chɩɩ
chɩ-haalɩŋ [h h l], new moon (Sa), cf. chɩɩŋ, moon
chɩ-yɩalɩŋ [h h l], lit. ‘white moon’, moonshine (Sa), see. chɩɩŋ
chɩa-, see also cha-
chɩa [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to cut (down), fell, chop (Sa, Na) {che}
chɩa yɩla [h h l], lit. ‘to cut songs’, to sing (Ca) {yiila, songs}
chɩafɩɩŋ, chafɩɩŋ [h lh], def. chɩafɩɩku [h h h], pl. chɩafɩɩtɩ [h h l], Sept2016: [h h h], def. pl. chɩafɩɩtɩtɩ [h l h h], anus (Ca, Sa); cf. chiang, waist, bottom {bitafiik}
chɩajuŋ [h l], def. chɩajuku [h l h], pl. chɩajua [h l], def. chɩajuaha [h l h], (Sa), tail, cf. chɩaŋ, bottom and syn. juŋ
chɩakoli [h h l], (Ca, Sa), chakoli, chekuli (Na), def. chɩakolli [h h h], pl. chɩakole [h h l], def. pl. chɩakolehe [h h l h], buttocks (Sa), cf. chiaŋ and chɩafɩɩŋ {bitakoli}
chɩakuŋ [h h], def. chɩakunni [h h h], pl. chɩiakume [h h l], def. pl. chɩiakumehe [h h l h], hip
chɩakʋrɩŋ [h h l] (Ca), chɩakʋruŋ (Sa), def. chɩakʋrikʋ, chɩakʋrukʋ [h h l h], pl. chɩakʋriti [h h l l], chɩakʋtti , def. chiakʋrɩtɩtɩ [h h l h h], chɩakʋttɩ, scorpion
chɩakʋtʋ, chakʋtʋ [h l l], def. chɩakʋtʋwo [h l l h], pl. chakʋtiŋ [h l lh], blacksmith (Sa, Ca), cf. chaaŋ {choabiik}
chɩaŋ [hl], def. chɩaka [h h] (Sa), chɩaku (Ca), pl. chɩasɩ [l l], def. pl. chɩasɩsɩ [l h h], (syn. chɩaŋ kalɩkɩŋ), chair, stool: round or rectangular shape (Sa)
chɩaŋ kalɩkɩŋ [h h – l h], def. chɩaŋ kalɩka [h h – l h h], lit. ‘stool for sitting’ (cf. kali, to sit), stool (all types); chɩa-wɔŋ, lit. ‘long stool’, bench
chɩaŋ [lh], def. chɩaka [h h], pl. chɩasɩ [h l], def. chɩasɩsɩ [h h h], bottom, waist; transl. ‘underneath’, ‘down’ (Ca), near (Sa) {chiak}
chɩarʋ [h l], singer (Ca), see yɩlɩ chɩarʋ (Sa: more common)
chɩasɩ [h l], (Ca, Sa), chɩɛsɩ (Ba), p.a. -wa/-ya, to contribute
chɩbɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to lie, to tell lies (Sa, Na)
chɩchɩntʋ [h l l], fryer; cf. chɩŋ, v. (Ca)
chɩchɩɩrʋ [h h l], chɩɩrʋ, def. chɩchɩɩrʋwo [h h l h], pl. chɩchɩɩrɩŋ [h h l], def. pl. chɩchɩɩribe [h h l h], carrier, e.g. of a stretcher; jua-chɩɩrʋ, carrier of a juaŋ-skin, sb. initiated into the Mongoose-cult (Ba), cf. chɩɩ, v., chɩɩbʋ, n.
chɩga ŋmaamɩŋ [h h l h], fear (Sa), cf. chɩgɩ (to run)
chɩgɩ, to cover, to protect (Sa) – Nagɩ kparɩka a chɩgɩ kpɩabɩsɩsɩ. Take the basket and cover the chickens.
chɩgɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to run, to escape, to fear (Sa) – Da chɩgima! Do not run! Buawa haalɩŋ chɩgɩna. The child’s soul has run away (got lost). – chɩgi tɩaŋ, to pass in running (Sa) {chali}
chigi [h l], to carry (on one’s shoulder) – Nagɩ buawa chigi. Take the child on your shoulder.
chigiŋ [l h], (v.n.?), cover, e.g. sugiŋ-cover for hens; also name of a funeral ritual (Sa)
chigiŋ [h h], v.n., carrying, e.g. someone on one’s shoulders (Sa) – Buawa chigiŋ tua miŋ. Carrying the child (on one’s shoulders) is difficult. cf. chigi, v.
chigisi, to sift {chagsi}
chɩɩ, def. chɩɩwa [h h], pl. chɩɩlɩng [h l], def. pl. chɩɩlɩba [h l h], sibling-in-law, wife’s brother or sister, sister’s husband (Ca, Ba, Sa)
chii, chi [hl], p.a. -wo/-ye, to carry (on one’s head); a chii chii dunsa, to carry heavy luggage; chii gboŋ, to carry a stretcher, chii nyaaŋ, to carry water {jii}
chɩɩbʋ [h h], def. chɩɩbʋwa, pl. chɩɩbɩng [h l], def. chɩɩbɩrɩng, carrier (Ca), cf. chɩchɩɩrʋ
chɩɩbʋ [h l], def. chɩɩbɩtʋwa [ ], pl. chɩɩbɩtɩŋ [h l l], def. pl. chɩɩbɩtɩba [h l lh], grave digger, burier; chɩɩbɩ saaŋ, grave diggers’ porridge (TZ); chɩɩb(u) jakʋʋŋ, most senior grave digger (Ba)
chɩɩdembiŋ [h l h], def. chɩɩdembike [h l h h], pl. chɩɩdembisi [h l h l], def. pl. chɩɩdembisisi [h l h h h], brother-in-law (Ca, Sa)
chɩɩhɔgu [h h l], def. chɩɩhɔwwa [h h h], pl. chɩɩhɔɔba [h h l], pl. chɩɩhɔɔbaha [h h l h], sister-in-law (Ca), cf. chɩɩ and chɩɩlɩŋ
chɩɩkɩŋ, carried (Ca)
chɩɩliŋ [h l], pl. chɩɩ [ ] brother-in-law, sister-in-law {chichambiik}
chɩɩŋ [h], def. chɩɩka [h h], pl. chɩɩsɩ [h h], def. chɩɩsɩsɩ [h h h], squirrel sp. (Ca, Sa); chɩ-sɔbɩlɩŋ, black squirrel (Ba)
chɩɩŋ [h], def. chɩɩku [h h], pl. chɩɩtɩ [h l], def. chɩɩtɩtɩ [h h h] (Ca), moon, month, iron moon-amulet for babies, chɩ-yɩaliŋ, white moon, moonshine (Ba, Sa) {chiik} cf. jawii
chɩɩri [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to tear (Ca, Sa) {chieri}
chɩɩrʋ [h l], (carrier), see chɩchɩɩrʋ, chɩɩbʋ
chɩɩsi [h l], to wait (Ca)
chɩɩti [h l], (abstract noun), (joking) relationship between in-laws of the same generation, cf. chɩɩ (sibling-in-law)
chɩɩtɩ [h l], (Ca), pl., def. pl. chɩtɩtɩ [h l h], no sing.; burden, load, headload, luggage, charge (Sa, Ba)
chɩm(ɩ)sɩdaaŋ [h l l h], def. chɩmɩsɩdaaku [h l l h h], pl. chɩmɩsɩdaatɩ [h l l h l], def.chɩmɩsɩdaatɩtɩ [h l l h h h], dibble, planting stick
chɩncha-yegisiŋ [h h l l l], def. chɩncha-yegisiku [h h l l l h], pl. chɩncha-yegise [h h l l l , def, chɩncha-yegisehe [h h l l l h], basketry rattle (Da)
chɩnchagimbiŋ [h h l l] (Ca), def. chinchaginbinni [h h l l h], pl. chɩnchaginbie [h h l l] (Sa), def. pl. chinchaginbiehe [h h l l h], kidney
chɩnchaŋ [h l], def. chɩnchannɩ [h l h], pl. chɩnchana [h l l], def. chɩnchanaha [h l l h], potsherd {takabi, cf. chinchiak, calabash sherd}
chɩnchewoli [h h l l], def. chinchewolike [h h l l h], pl. chinchewolisi [h h l l l], def. pl. chinchewolisisi [h h l l h h], parasite plant growing on trees, used as a medicine against nua tuaŋ, ‘evil talk’ (Ba)
chɩŋ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to fry (Sa) {chiim}
chɩŋmarɩŋ [h l h], def. chɩŋmarɩka [h l h h] pl. chɩŋmarɩsɩ [h l h l], def. pl. chɩŋmarɩsɩsɩ [h l h h h], star (Sa, Ba) {chingmarik}
chɩrɩŋ [h lh], def. chɩrɩika [h l h], pl. chɩrɩsɩ [h l l], def. pl chɩrɩsɩsɩ [g k g g], tree sp. (Ca)
chɩsɩmɩŋ [h l h] or chɩsɩŋ, to sneeze (Ca, Sa, Ba); syn. taa misi (shoot nose)
chɩtɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to wipe (Sa)
cho [h], to wish, want; to like, to love (Sa)
chobiŋ [l lh], def. chobiku [h l h], pl. chobiti [h l l], def. chobititi [l l h h], wing (Sa)
chosu [h l], abomination (Sa: no other forms)
chɔ-, see also chu(a)-
chɔchʋa [h l], def. chɔchʋaka [h l h], Sept2016: [h h h], pl. chɔchʋasi [h h l], def. chɔchʋasisi [h h h h], digging stick with iron blade, ‘spade’ (Da)
chɔgɩsɩ [h l l], to fetch; chɔgusaa, to be fetching (Ca)
chɔkʋra [h l l], (father’s elder brother), see chʋakʋra
chɔmballɩ [l h h], sg. chɔmbua, father’s children, patrilineal relatives, cousins (Ba) {ko bisa}
chɔnɩŋ, walk, n. (Ca)
chɔŋ [h], def. chɔŋwa [h h], pl. chualiŋ, chɔliŋ [h l], def. chualiba [h l l], father (Ca: 3rd person sg. and pl., 2nd person pl.), cf. chua
chɔŋkʋʋŋ, chɔɔŋkʋŋ [h l], def. chɔɔŋkʋŋwa [h l h], pl. chɔɔŋkʋlɩŋ (grandfather) see also chʋŋkʋʋŋ
chɔ(ɔ)rɩ [h l], [l l??] see chʋarɩ, v.
chɔrɩma [h l l], chain (Ba) {choari, pl. choarima}
chɔro [h l], (husband), see chʋrʋ
chʋ(a)-, see also chɔ-
chʋa [h], def. chʋawa [h h], pl. chʋaliŋ [h l], def. chʋaliba [h l h], (Ca), chʋamba (Sa), classificatory father (Ca: 1st person sg.+pl./2nd person sg.); Sa: usually n chʋa, ‘my father’, pl. n chʋamba; cf. chɔŋ, chʋŋkuuŋ and chʋakura
chʋa-biŋ [l h], chʋa-bike [l h h], pl. chʋa-bisi [l h l], def. chʋa-bisisi [l h h h], small ceramic vessel for millet beer (Sa)
chʋakʋra [h h l], father’s elder brother (Sa), uncle, cf. akura and chuŋkuuŋ
chʋaŋ [l h], def. chʋaka, pl. chʋasi, def. chʋasisi (Ca, Sa), type of ceramic pot for keeping, measuring and serving pito, cf. da-chʋaŋ {cf. cheng}
chʋarɩ, chɔrɩ [h l], def. chʋarɩku, pl. chʋara, def. chʋaraha, taboo, prohibition (Sa); vʋarɩ chʋarɩ, to remove a taboo (Sa)
chʋarɩ, chɔ(ɔ)rɩ [h l], to be taboo (Ca), to abstain from or avoid something on magical grounds (Sa) – Di chʋari miŋ. It is taboo. It is forbidden.
chunchuli [h h l], def. chunchulike [h h l h], pl. chunchulisi [h h l], def. pl. chunchulisisi [h h l h h] tree sp. (Ca)
chunchuuriŋ [h h l], def. chunchuurike [h h l h], pl. chunchuurisi [h h l l], def. pl. chunchuurisisi [h h l l h h], puddle (Ca)
chʋŋ [h], to walk (Sa) – Chʋmma! Walk! (Ca) {cheng}
chʋnŋkʋʋŋ, chɔŋkʋʋŋ, chɔɔŋkʋʋŋ [h l], def. chʋŋkʋʋŋwa [h l h], pl. chʋŋkʋʋliŋ [h l l], def. pl. chʋŋkʋʋliba [h l l h], grandfather, ancestor (Sa); chɔŋkula nyiŋti, ancestors’ properties; chɔŋkuuŋ saaŋ, family name (Sa, Ba); cf. chʋa n. and chʋakʋra n.
chʋru (Ca), chɔro (Sa) [h l], def. chʋrʋwa [h l h], pl. chʋliŋ chɔliŋ [h l], def. chʋliba [h l h], husband {choroa}
chʋrʋ bʋabiŋ (buobiŋ, buubiŋ) [h l h h], def. chʋrʋ bʋobike [h l h l h], pl. churu ballibisi [h l l l l l], def. chʋrʋ ballibisisi [l l h l h h h], ‘younger husband’, husband’s younger brother or (rarely) sister
chʋrʋ jakʋʋŋ [h l l lh], def. chʋrʋ jakʋʋri [h l h h h], pl. chʋrʋ nyiŋkʋʋra [h l l l l]. def. pl. chʋrʋ nyiŋkʋʋraha [h l l l h], senior husband, husband’s elder brother / sister
chuuri [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to have diarrhea (Ca) {chaari}
chuuriŋ, churinŋ [h h], diarrhea
chʋʋsɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to spoil, to waste, to become bad; chuusɩ chuara, to spoil the custom (Ba) {kaasi, to spoil}
chʋʋsɩ saaŋ [h l lh], lit. ‘to spoil a name’, to slander (Sa)
chuusikiŋ [h l h] def. chuusikiri [h l h h], pl. chuusika [h l h], def. chuusikaha [h l h h], spoiled (Ca)
chʋʋsɩŋ [h l], to offend {kaasi}
chʋʋsɩŋ [h h], def. chʋʋsɩrɩ [h h h], pl. chʋʋsa [h h], def. chʋʋsaha [h h h], gecko (Ca)

 

D

da, daa [h], not; daa vuoŋ, not a person, no person; daa jaaŋ, nothing – Da keŋ nigi me. Do not beat me. {daa, to be not}
da [h], (to buy, to sell), see daa
da bɩa? [h h],when? on which day?
daa [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to buy, to sell (Ca, Sa) {da}
daa yɔri [h h – l], for nothing
daa [h], (not), see da
daa [h], def. daawa [h h], pl. daaliŋ [h l], def. pl. daaliba [h l h], boyfriend / girlfriend (opposite sex), n daa, my friend; cf. bandaa {doa}
daa [h], (syn. dembiŋ), def. daawa [h h], pl. dembisi [h h l], def. pl.dembisisi [h h h h], man (Sa)
daabʋlʋŋ [h h l], def. daabʋlʋke [h h l h], pl. daabʋlusi [h h l l], def. daabʋlʋsisi [h h l h h], perforated ceramic vessel for smoking meat, fish etc., cf. syn. hʋʋŋ
daachagɩsɩŋ [h h l h], def.daachagɩsɩkɩrɩ [h h l l l], pl. daachagɩsa [h h l l], def. pl. daachagɩsaha [h h l l h] forked branch for holding ceramic vessels (Da); syn. kajeriŋ {chagsik}
daachiarʋkɔkɔ [h l l h h], (Ca), dachierikoko (Da), def. daachiarʋkɔkɔka [h l l h h h, pl. daachiarʋkɔkɔsi [h l l h h l], woodpecker, def. pl. daachiarʋkɔkɔsisi [h l l h h h h]]; Da: also Black-winged Oriole, Orilus nigripennis {daa-chierik}
daachʋaŋ [h h], (daaŋ, millet beer), def. daachʋaka [h h h], pl. daachʋasi [h h l], def. pl. daachʋasisi [h h h h], ceramic vessel for serving millet beer (Ca, Sa, Ba)
daa-gbegiŋ (Sa), daa-gbugiŋ [h h h], (Ca), def. daa-gbugiri [h h h h], pl. daa-gbuge [h h l], def. daa-gbugehe [h h h h], stump
daagɩ tɩaŋ [h l l h], to pass through (Sa)
daagɩŋ [h h], pl. daaga, quiver (Sa, Na, Ba)
daagiŋ [h h], def. daagiri [h l l], pl. daaga [h h], def. daagaha [h h h], poison, arrow poison (Sa)
daagiŋ [h h], to make poison (for arrows)
daagɩrɩŋ [h l h], def. daagɩrɩka [h l h h], pl. daagɩrɩsɩ [h l h l], def. daagɩrɩsɩsɩ [h l h h h], root, (medicine-) shrine, medicine (Sa), daagɩrɩ-hagiriŋ, strong shrine; daagɩrɩ-kpɩɩŋ, powerful shrine (syn. buu-kpɩɩŋ) (Ba), daagɩrɩ saaŋ, shrine name
daahagɩrɩŋ,[h h l h], def. dahagɩrɩbu [h h l h h], pl. , def. pl. dahagɩraha [h h l h h], lit. ‘strong millet beer’, strong alcoholic drink, akepeteshi, gin… (Sa), cf. daaŋ {da-pagrik}
daa-jakʋʋŋ [h l h], def. daa-jakʋʋri [h l l l], pl. daa-nyiŋkʋʋra [h l l l], def. pl. daa-nyiŋkʋʋraha [h l l l h] elder, old man, (male) head of…
daakpaŋ [h h], (daa, man; kpaŋ, unmarried), def. daakpanni [h h h], pl. daakpana [h h h], def. daakpanaha [h h h h], bachelor, unmarried man (Ca) {dakoak}
daakpana bʋa [h h l lh], def. daakpana bʋawa [h h lh l], pl. daakpana balli [h h l l l], def. pl. daakpanballili [h h l l l l], child born out of wedlock, illegitimate child (Ba)
daakʋaŋ [h l h], def. daakʋaka, [h l h], pl. daakʋasi [h h l], def. daakʋasisi [h h h h], parrot (Ca, Sa); dakʋo-niiliŋ, female parrot
daakuuliŋ [h l h], def. daakuulike [h l h h], pl. daa-kuule [h l l], def. pl. daa-kuulisisi [h l h h h], log, big branch, e.g. used as firewood (Ba)
daala yɩla [h l h l], war songs (Ba)
daalʋakɩŋ [h l h], def. daalʋakɩrɩ [h l h h], pl. daalʋaka [h l h], def. daalʋakaha [h l h h], young man
daam(a) [h l], time, chance (Sa: of doing something), readiness (Ba) – N wo daama, n tiŋ nan keŋ kaagi. I have not time (chance), I would have come and visited you. Cf. taŋ
daansa [h l], dream(s), n. (Na) {goa-daasim}
daansɩ [h l], to look after, to bring up, to attend to a patient (Sa), cf. dansɩ, v.
daansɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to dream (Sa) {goadaasi; goa, sleep}
daantɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to greet (Na, Sa)
daanyɩŋ [h h], (daaŋ, wood), stock of firewood {da-chienta, daata}
-daaŋ, -raaŋ, male, e.g. guradaaŋ, male lizard, kparaaŋ, cock, naraaŋ, bull
daaŋ gbieŋ [h lh], def. daaŋ gbieke [h h h], pl. daaŋ gbiesi [h h l], def. daaŋ gbiesisi [h h h h], ceramic vessel (gbieŋ) for millet beer (daaŋ)
daaŋ [lh], p.a. -wa/-ya, to forget – N daaya. I forgot. (Ca, Sa) – Nkaandaaŋ (proper name), I will never forget.
daaŋ [h], def. daabu [h h], pl. dara, daatɩ [h h], def. daraha, daatɩtɩ [h h h] millet beer, pito brewed with millet (zaa), beer, wine, (any) alcoholic drink, akpeteshie (Ba, Ca, Sa) {daam} daawiagiŋ, ordinary millet beer, daaŋminiŋ, lit. ‘red beer’, millet beer
daaŋ [lh], def. daari [h h], pl. dara, dada, daara [h l] def. daraha [h l h], day (Ca, Sa); da-biaŋ, bad day {dai, pl. da}
daaŋ [lh], def. daaku [h h], pl. daati [h l], def. daatiti [h h h], wood, stick, piece of wood, log, beam, firewood (Sa) {duok, daata}
daaŋmɩnɩŋ [h l h], (millet beer), see daaŋ, n.
daarɩ, [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to wash dishes (Ca, Sa)
daarɩŋ [h h], (sg. rare), def. daari [h h], pl. daara [h l], def. pl. daaraha [h h h], drumstick, e.g. tampan daara, gɩŋgaŋ daarɩŋ {doari}
daasɩrʋ [h l l], see mɩmaasɩ-daasɩrʋ
Daataala gbɩeŋ [h l l h] lit. ‘enmity pot’, a particular shrine (Ba)
daataaŋ [h l h], def. daataawa, pl. daataasi, def. daataasisi, enemy (man) during courtship / in marriage {dachiak, pl. dachaasa}
daataatɩ [h h l], enmity, e.g. ritual hostile relationship (between two families/clans) because of conflicts in the past
daatɩ (pl., wood) see daaŋ
daayaabɩŋ [h l h], def. daayaabiri [h l h h], pl. daayaaba [h l h], def. pl. daayaabisisi [h l h h h], impotent man, castrated man {yiering, castrated}
daayɩalɩŋ [h l h], (daaŋ, alcoholic drink), palm wine (Sa) {da-pieluk}
daayuuŋ, dayuuŋ [h l h], def. daayuuri [h l h h], pl. daayuura [h l h], def. pl. daayuraha [h l h h], bush-rat
dabaara [h h l], (lw. Hausa), general name for medicine (syn. tiiŋ)
dabʋlɩba [h l l h], (lw. Engl.), double barrelled gun (Ba)
dachierikoko (bird sp.), cf. daachɩarɩkɔkɔ
dachʋaŋ [h l h], (vessel for beer), see daachʋaŋ
daga [l h], wooden box, see daka
dagɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to show, teach, instruct, point (Ca, Sa) {dagi}
daka [l h], negative particle for imperative (Na)
daka [l h], (Ca, Na), daga (Sa, lw. Hausa?), box (Ca, Na) {dakari, pl. daka}
dakʋʋlɩŋ [h l h], (log), see daakʋʋlɩŋ
daakpana bʋa [h h l h], def. daakpana bʋawa [h h l h h], pl. [ ], def. pl. daakpana balili [h h l h h h], illegitimate child
dalalɩ, daalalɩ [h l l h], def. daalalɩka [h l l h], pl. daalasi [h l l], def. pl. daalalisisi [h l l h h], a ‘chair’ (stand) made of sticks for the dead person {dalaari, stick}
dalɩ, dɛli, dala [h l], to be much (Ca)
dama, daama [h l], power (Ca)
dama [h l], because (Sa)
dampali [l h l], def. dampalli [l h h], (sg. rare), pl. dampala [l h h], def. dampalaha [l h h h], log(s) in the jagiŋ used for sitting (Ba, Sa), log, bench (Ca, Na) {dampali, pl. dampala}
dansɩ, daansɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to look at, to watch (Ca); cf. daansɩ, v.
dantɩ [h l[m to greet in the morning (Ca)
daŋbanɩŋ [h l h], def. daŋbaŋku [h l h], pl. daŋbantɩ [h l h], def. daŋgbantɩtɩ [h l h h], walking stick, cane, cudgel, club, (Sa, Da)
daŋmɩnɩŋ [h l h], def. daŋmɩnɩbu [h l h h], ordinary millet beer
darɩ [h h], def. darɩka [h l h], pl. dara [h l], def. pl. darisisi [h l h h], a game (with 2 x 6 or 24 holes in a board or in the ground), Twi: owari – Ba ta dara. They play (lit. ‘throw’ or ‘shoot’) dara.
dasɩchɩ [h l h], pl. dasɩchɩsɩ, traditional shirt, short and usually sleeveless smock; dasɩchɩ bɩŋ, shorter type of dasɩchɩ (Da, Sa)
datɩ [h h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to drag, to pull (Sa) {dari}
dawure [l h l], dawurɩ, dewore, def. dawureke [l h h] pl. dawuresi [l h l l], def. dawuresisi [l h l h h], iron double bell, idiophone (Da, Sa)
dawuri-nɩgɩrʋ (Ca: nigʋrʋ) [l h l – l h l], def. dawuri-nɩgɩrɩwa [l h l – l h h], pl. dawuri-nɩgɩrɩba [l h l – l h l l], def. pl. dawuri-nɩgɩrɩbaha [l h l – l h l l h], village cryer, lit. ‘beater of a double bell’ (Ca, Sa)
dawʋrɩga [h l h h], def. dawʋrɩgaka [h l h h h], pl. dawʋrɩga [h l h h], def. dawʋrɩgaha [h l h h h], (Sa), ceramic grinding bowl for cassava leaves, tomatoes, bean leaves etc.
dayʋʋŋ, (Ca), daayʋng [h l], (Sa), def. dayʋʋri [h l h], pl. dayʋra [h l l], def. pl. dayʋraha [h l l h], (Ca, Sa), rat, bush-rat (Sa); Pouched Rat or Giant Bush Rat, Bandacoot, Cricetomys gambianus (Da) {dayiuk, Bandacoot, Cricetomys gambianus}
deesi, jeesi, journey (Na)
dembibiŋ [h l h], boy, son (Sa)
dembiŋ [h h], def. dembike [h h h], pl. dembisi [h h l], def. dembisisi [h h h h], (syn. daa), man, male (Ca); Kɔgla dembriŋ, male Kɔgla-shrine; cf. daa {dema, people}
dembisi [h h l], manliness, virility, having qualities appropriate to a man; dembisile jaaŋ, a thing for men only (e.g. weapons)
deŋisi [h h l], (Sa), densi (Ca), to balance on head (Ca) {dengsi}
deŋ [h], (pl.), def. dembe [h h], family, lineage, clan (Sa); cf. Habondeŋ and Bakodeŋ (Yikpabongo clans)
deŋgbili [h h l], def. deŋgbilike [h h l h], pl. deŋgbilisi [h h l l], def. deŋgbilisisi [h h l h h], wooden handle of an axe or hoe; more common: syn. leekuŋ (Da, Sa)
dewore, dawuri [l h l], def. deworeke [l h l h], pl. deworisi [l h l l] def. pl. deworisisi [l h l h h], iron double bell (Da, Sa)
dɛbɩya (Ca), dɩbɩa [l h], (Sa), why? – Dɩbɩa fu nɩgɩ wa? Why did you beat him?
dɩ [h], then – Be dembisi dɩ ko nyɩŋ. Their men then just came out (Ca).
dɩ [h], (Ca), dɩ yi (Sa), di yo (Ba), if – Daawa dɩ keŋ… if the man comes…(Ca) – Dɩ yi mang ye ligire… If I had money…
dɩ [h], that, who (rel. pronoun, Ca), it (Sa) {di}
dɩ [h], particle, indirect imperative; dɩ n dii ‘that I eat’ (Ca)
di [l], (to eat), see dii
dɩ, dɩɩ [h], (to follow), see dɩɩsɩ
di [l], wahala, to suffer (Sa)
dɩa nɩŋŋa [h h l], to go in front, to precede (Sa) {ning, ‘front’}
dianu (Ca), diene wo [h l h], yesterday {diem}
dɩaŋ [l h], also, too – N dɩaŋ n ya kuaŋ. I, too, have a farm.
dɩarɩwa [h l h], day before yesterday
dɩbɩa [l h], (why), see dɛbɩya
dɩdaaru [h h l], def. dɩdaaruwa [h h l h], pl. dɩdaarɩng [h h l], def. pl. didaariba [h h l h], buyer, seller (Ca)
dɩdagɩru [h h h l], def. dɩdagɩruwa [h h h l h], pl. dɩdagɩrɩŋ [h h h l], def. dɩdagɩrɩba [h h h l h], lit.‘shower’, teacher (Ca)
didigiru [h h h l], def. didigiruwo [h h h l h], pl. didigiriŋ [h h h l], def. didigiribe [h h h l h], cook (Ca)
die [l h], long ago (Ca)
die [l h], to be sharp (Ca) – Ka ka die. It is blunt (lit. ‘it is not sharp’).
dienewo [h l h], dieni, diene (Sa), dianu (Ca), yesterday – Dienewo u keŋ. Yesterday he came back. Cf. diariwa, the day before yesterday
digi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to cook, to brew (Ca, Na, Sa, Ba) {digi}
dɩgɩntɩ (Sa), digantɩ (Ca) [l lh l], def. pl. dɩgɩntɩtɩ [l lh h h], (natural and ritual) dirt, disgrace (Ba), filth – Ka wo dɩgɩntɩ. It has no dirt. It is clean (Sa). {dagim, v.; daung, n.}
dɩgɩntɩ [h l], to be dirty (Ca)
dɩgɩntɩŋ [l h l], def. dɩgɩntɩka, pl. dɩgɩnta, def. dɩngɩntaha, dirty; ja-dɩgɩntɩŋ, dirty thing (Ca)
dɩɩ [h], (to follow), see dɩɩsɩ
dii [l], p.a. (Ca, Sa) -ye/wo; to eat, dii naaŋ, lit. ‘to eat chieftaincy’, to become a chief (Sa); dii chagi (Ca), to eat until one is satisfied – Viiti dii boling. The huts are burning. {de}
dii a zama [l h l h] to meet and converse
dii boliŋ [l h h], to burn, see dii
dii daalɩŋ [l h h], (dii, to eat), to give courtship-money to a girl friend; to pay love-money (Ba)
diigiŋ [l h], def. diigiri [l h h], pl. diige [l h], right; nu-diigiŋ, right hand
diikiŋ [l h], adj., eaten (Ca), cf. jadiikiŋ
diiŋ [lh], def. diiri [l l], pl. die [lh], def. diehe [l h], forehead (Ca, Sa) {diri}
diisi [l h], dii, di, to follow, to render services to marry a woman {diisi, to offer, present}
dɩɩsɩ [l h], p.a. -wo, to put on top (Ca, Sa)
dɩɩsɩŋ [l lh], def. dɩɩsɩku [l l h], pl. dɩɩsɩtɩ [l l l], spoon (Ca, Sa) {duisuk}
dimbelimiŋ [h l h h], def. dimbelini [h l h h], pl. dimbelime [h l h h], def. dimbelimehe [h l h h h], hole in the floor of a room for collecting rainwater and blood during a birth (Sa)
Dintigi [h h l], (din, to eat, tigi, to satisfy), Fire Festival (syn. Boliŋ Chiiŋ)
diŋ [h], a type of fish (Ca)
doŋ [h], (to bite), see duŋ
dooro [h h], swimmer, cf. dugi, to swim
dɔŋ [h], (Sa), dɔ (Ca), def. dɔkka (Ca), dɔku [h h], pl. dɔŋisi [h l l], def. pl. dɔŋisisi, animal (Ca) {dung, pl. dungsa}
dɔ (to lie down), see dua
dɔgɩ [h l], p.a. -wa, to carry (a baby)
dɔmiŋ [l h], def. dɔmbu [l h], no pl. (Ca), thunder
dɔŋ [h], p.a. -ya (Ca, Sa), to stir, to rumble (stomach), to quake, to shake (Ca, Sa)
dɔŋ [h], def. dɔkka [h h], pl. dɔŋisi [h h l], def. pl. dɔŋisisi [h h h h] animal, see dʋŋ
dɔŋkʋrʋ [h l l], (Ca), butcher (animal-killer)
dʋa [h], dʋagi, dɔ (Ca), to lie down; dwa (dua) a gʋrma, to lie down for sleep (Na); Dua? Good morning! {duagi, doa}
dʋagɩ hɔgu [h l h l] to sleep (to have sexual intercourse) with a woman {duagi}
dʋagɩŋ [h h], lying down (Ca)
dʋaŋ [l h], (bad) precedent, cf. lokoli
dʋaŋ [l h], def. dʋaka [h h], dʋaku, pl. dʋati [h l], def. dʋatiti [ ], (Ca, Sa), bush pig, warthog; dʋaraaŋ, lit. ‘male warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus; dʋaniiŋ, lit. ‘female warthog’, Potamochoerus porcus (Da) {duok}
dʋaŋ [l h], dʋŋ, to pour down, to put down, dʋaŋ tan yialiŋ, to pour down ashes (ritually)
dʋarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to take top part off (Sa, Ca)
dʋasɩ [h l], v.n. (?), cf. dʋa, v. (Ca) – Dʋasɩ vɩɩna? Was your lying good? Good morning!
dʋasɩŋ [lh h], lying down place (Ca)
dugi [h l], to swim (Na), cf. dooro (swimmer) {de}
dʋgu [h h], dance accompanied by kantana-horns (word and dance of Wala origin)
dʋmɩŋ [l h], def. dʋngka [l h], pl. dʋnsɩ [l l], def. dʋnsɩsɩ [l h h], mosquito (Ca) {duing, pl. duingsa}
dundɔbɩŋ [hl h h], Sept2016: [l l lh], def. dundɔbɩri [hl h h h], Sept2016: [l l l l], pl. dundɔbɩsɩ
[l l l l], def. pl. dundɔbɩsɩsɩ [l l l h h], house help (who can become a wife in husband’s family)
dunɩa [h l], def. dunɩaka [h l h], world – N ye dunɩa. I have seen the world. (Sa)
dunniiŋ [h h], (horse), see. duuniŋ and duuŋ (Sa)
dunsɩ [h l], to be heavy (Na) {dobra}
dunsɩŋ, def. dunsɩka, dunsɩku pl. dunsa, def. dunsaha, heavy (Ca); chɩɩ-dunsa, heavy loads
dʋŋ, def. dʋŋkʋ, pl. dʋŋsi, animal {dung, pl. dungsa}
duŋ [lh], def. dunni [h h], pl. dune, duna [h l], def. duneha, dunehe, knee, knee-cap (Ca) {dunung}
duŋ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to dry in the sun (Sa)
duŋ [h], (Ca), don (Sa), p.a. -wa/-ya, to bite (Sa, Ca) {dom}
duŋgoliŋ [h h l], (dung, knee; goling, hollow), def. duŋgolike [h h l h], pl. duŋgolisi [h h l l], def. pl. duŋgolisisi [h h l h h], back of knee (Ca)
dʋʋla [h l], wealth
duuniŋ, duniŋ [h h[m (horse), see duuŋ
dʋʋntɩ [h l], Ba: to sieve, Sa: to take off water from something (esp. gari)
dʋʋŋ, [lh], def. dʋʋka [l h], pl. dʋʋsi [l l], def. dʋʋsisi [l h h], dawa-dawa tree (Sa, Ca); Locust Bean Tree, Parkia biglobosa {dueb or duob}
dʋʋŋ [h], pl. dʋʋti, dry dawa-dawa pod (Da, Sa)
duuŋ [lh], duuniŋ, duniŋ, def. duuni [h h], pl. duune [h h], horse; duuŋ kpiiŋ, big horse (Ca)
duuŋ jʋŋ [ ], def. duuŋ jʋnni, pl. duune jʋa, def. duune jʋaha, horsetail (Sa)
duuŋ-sʋnsɔŋ [lh h h], Sept16 [lh l lh], def. duu-sʋnsɔŋ [ ], pl. duu-sʋnsɔŋti [l l l l], def. pl. duu-sʋnsɔŋtiti [l l l h h], fever (Sa)
dʋʋzoŋ [l l], def. dʋʋzombu [h l h], Sept16: [l l l], pl. dʋʋzonti [h l h], Sept16: [l l l], def. dʋʋzontiti [h l h h],Sept16: [l l h h], 1. dawa-dawa powder, 2. yellow (like dawa-dawa poweder), cf. dʋʋŋ (Sa)
Duyogisi [h l h l], Kɔnni name for Yizesi

 

F

faaŋ [lh], def. faaku [l l], pl. faati [l l], def. faatiti [l h h], baboon (Ca, Na, Da, Sa), Papio anubis choras; faa-biŋ, small or young baboon {fiok, pl. faata}
faarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to marry (of man), to take home as a wife (Ba, Sa) {faari}
faarɩŋ [h h], taking a woman home as a wife (Ba)
feeliŋ [h lh], def. feelike [h l h], pl. feelisi [h l l], def. feelisi [h l h h], long stirring stick for preparing local soap
fi, you (sg.), cf. fu and funiŋ
fɩala [h l], adj., cold, cool, wet; wa-fɩala, cold season (Ba)
fɩali, fɩɛli [l l], (Ca), p.a. -wa/-ya, to be cool, wet, peaceful (Sa), to become cold (Ba)
*fɩalɩkɩng, def. fɩalɩkɩrɩ, pl. fɩalɩka, def. fɩalɩkaha, cool; ja-fɩalɩkɩŋ, cool thing (Ca)
fɩfaarɩtʋ [l h l h], groomsman, ‘marrier’ (Ca)
fɩɩsɩ [h l], to stink {fɩ-fɩɩsa = anus}
fɩnfanɩ [l l l], def. fɩnfanɩka [l l l h], pl. fɩnfanɩtɩ or fɩnfanɩsɩ, def. fɩnfanɩtɩtɩ or fɩnfanɩsɩsɩ, soap (Sa, Ba)
fɩnfata [h l h], Sept16: [l l h],(pl.), def. fɩnfataha Sept16: [l l h h], mud, dirt (Sa)
fɩnɩŋ [l h], you (sg., emphatic, Ca)
fogi [h l], to take part (Ca)
folee! [l h], (exclamation) “I have exposed your secret acts!” (Ba) {pilei}
forisi [h l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to untie (Ca, Sa)
fosi [h l], (Ca, Sa), p.a. -ye, to remove, to untie
fɔbɩ ligi [h l h l], to cover with mortar, to apply wet mortar {fobi, to beat; ligi, to cover}
fʋ [h], you (sg., obj.), cf. fʋ niŋ {fi, fu}
fʋ [h], your (sg.) – Fʋ kuuri wunde? Is it your hoe? (Na) {fi}
fʋaa [l h], narrow
fʋalɩŋ [lh lh], def. fʋalɩngka [lh l h], pl. fʋ alɩsɩ [lh l l], ditch (Ca)
fʋnɩŋ [l h], thou, you, cf. fu and fɩnɩŋ (Sa)
furisi [h l l], to slurp (Ca)
fʋʋra [l l], def. fʋʋ rika [l l h], (Sa: fʋʋ raha), pl. fʋʋ risi [l l l], def. pl. fʋʋ raha [l l h], (lw. Hausa), sweet potato ball (Ca) {funfuuri, bean cake, fuuri, ‘millet cake}
fʋʋsa [h l], strip-woven cloth as used for traditional smocks (Ba)
fʋʋsɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to blow (of mouth) (Ca, Ba) {fiili, ‘to blow’, fuusi, ‘to inflate’}

 

G

ga [h], p.a. -ya, to go, to take leave (Sa) – U garaa nyung. She is going to the market (Ca). cf. gamma {ga}
ga (Ca), gaaŋ [lh], (Sa), p.a. -wa/-ya, to deceive
ga nyɩŋ [h h], to go out (Sa)
ga sikpeŋ [l l h], (sikpeŋ, ‘head’), to go up (Sa)
gaabʋ [h h], onion (Na), syn. alibɛsa
gaachɔtɩŋ [h l h], gachɔntɩŋ, def. gachɔtɩku [h l h h], pl. gaachɔtɩ [h l l], rag (Sa) {gachiak, pl. gaachaata}
gaaden (lw. Engl.), garden (Sa)
gaalʋʋŋ [h l], (cat), see gaanlʋʋng
gaamɩŋ [h l], def. gaanku [h h],Sept16: [h l], pl. gaama [h l], def. gaamaha [h l h], wall (Ca, Sa)
gaamʋ [h l], def. gaanku [h h], Sept16: [h l], pl. gaantiŋ [h l], Sept16: [l lh], def. pl. gaantiti [h h h], Sept16: [l h h], dumb, stupid (Sa) {gaaung}
gaanlʋʋŋ, gaanlʋŋ, gaalʋʋŋ [h l], def. gaa(n)lʋʋke [h l h], pl. gaa(n)lʋʋsi, gaa(n)lʋnsi [h l l], def. gaa(n)lʋʋsisi [h l h h], cat
gaaŋ [lh], to be frightened (Sa)
gaaŋ [lh], to deceive
gaaŋ [lh], def. gaari [l l], pl. gara [l l], land (Ca)
gaarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to steal, to rob, to deceive (Ba, Sa)
gaarɩŋ [h h], def. gaaruwa, pl. gaarɩba, theft (Ba, Sa)
gaarʋ [h l], def. gaarʋwa [h l h], pl. gaariŋ [h l], def. gaariba [h l h], thief (Ba, Ca, Na) {zue}
gaasɩ [h l], p.a. -wa, to perform the gaasɩŋ-ritual, to clean, to purify, cf. gɩgaasɩru, n.
gaasɩŋ [h l], a specific ritual performed e.g. at funerals (shaving hair and ritual meal) {gaasika}
gabɩlɩ [h l l], crooked (Sa) {goaling}
gachontɩŋ [h l h], (rag), see gaachɔtɩŋ
gadama [h h l], (Hausa), trouble (Ca) {wa-daanung; daani, ‘to disturb’}
gado [h l], (lw. Hausa ‘ga-do’), def. gadoke [h l h], pl. gadosi [h l l], def. gadosisi [h l h h], bed (Sa) {ga-duok}
gagɩrɩŋ [h l l], def. gagɩrɩku [h l l h], pl. gagɩrɩsɩ [h l l l], def. gagɩrɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], container for liquids, mostly water (Sa)
galɩmɩŋ [h l h], blaming (Ca)
galɩŋ [h lh], def. galɩka [h l h], pl. galɩsɩ [h l l], def. pl. galɩsɩsɩ [h l h h], left (Ca); nu-galɩŋ, left hand {galing}
galɩŋ [h l], to blame (Ca)
gamɩng [h lh], def. ganku [h l],Sept16: [h l], pl. gansɩ [h l],Sept16: [l l], def. gansɩsɩ [l h h], leprosy (Ba, Sa)
gamma [h l], Sept16: [l l], to go away, cf. ga (Sa)
ganɩŋ [h l], def. gangka [h h], pl. gansɩ [h l], rope (Ca), slings (lacing) of a drum (Ba, Sa)
gaŋgaŋ, n., neediness; transl. ‘in need’; gaŋgaŋ vuoŋ, a person in need
gaŋɩsɩ [h l l], ribs (Ca)
ganyɩara [l l l], def. ganyɩarɩka [l l l h], pl. ganyɩarɩsɩ [l l l l], def. pl. ganyɩarɩsɩsɩ [l l l h h], weaver-bird (Ca)
ganyɩara-tananbɩŋ [l l l – h l lh], def. ganyɩara-tananbɩke [l l l – h l l h], pl. ganyɩara-tananbɩsɩ [l l l- h l l l], def. pl. ganyɩara-tananbɩsɩsɩ [l l l – h l l h h], Yellow-fronted Canary, Serinus mozambicus (Da)
gari-yɩɩŋ [l l – lh], def. garɩ-yɩka [l l – l h], pl. garɩ-yɩɩsɩ [l l – l l], def. garɩ-yɩɩsɩsɩ [l l – l h h], lit. ‘cloth-arrow’, needle (Sa), cf. tɩa-yɩɩŋ {ga-pein, ‘cloth arrow’}
garɩŋ [h l],Sept16: [l lh], def. garuku (Ca), garɩku (Sa) [l l h], pl. garɩtɩ [l l l], gattɩ (Ca), def. garɩtɩtɩ, (piece of) cloth, clothes, garment {garuk, pl. ga(r)ta}
garɩsɩ [h h l], (Ca, Sa), p.a. -ya, to pass, cf. gasɩ
garɩwa [h h l], def. garɩwaka [h h l h], pl. garɩwasɩ [h h l l], def. pl. garɩwasɩsɩ [h h l h h], water drum (Ca, Sa)
gasɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to pass over, to cross (Sa), cf. garɩsɩ
gatɩaŋ [h hl], Sept16: [l lh], def. gatɩaka [l l h], pl. gatɩasɩ [l l l l], def. gatɩasɩsɩ [l l h h], long gown, worn in the Ashanti fashion with one naked shoulder (Da, Sa) {ga-tiak}
gee, gie [h], this, these (Ca); taŋka gie, this time, in these days
gembiŋ [h l], def. gembinni [h l h], pl. gembie [h l], def. gembiehe [h l h], rib, cf. gaŋisi (pl.)
genke [h l], this (Sa); cf. gee, gie
gerenti [h l l], to burp (Ca) {berenti}
gerentiŋ [h l h], burp, n. (Ca)
gie [h], (this, these), see gee
gienaa, geena [h l], here (Sa)
gieneba, there
gigaasɩrʋ [h h l l], pl. gɩgaasɩrɩŋ, person who performs the gaasiŋ ritual; cf. gaasɩ v., gaasɩŋ, n.
gɩgarɩŋ [h h l], def. gɩgaruku[h h l h], pl. gɩgarɩtɩ [h h l l], def. gɩgarɩtɩtɩ [h h l h h], fish sp. (Ca), Mastacembelus nigromarginatus? type of eel? (Da)
gɩlɩ [h l], def. gɩllɩ [h l], pl. gɩla [h l], def. gɩlaha [h l h], egg (Ca, Sa); kpɩa-gɩli, fowl’s egg, javuukiŋ gili, snake’s egg
giligi [h l h], p.a. -wo/-ye, to be round (Ca)
giligikiŋ [h l l h], def. giligikiri, pl. giligike, def. giligikehe, round (Ca); circle (Sa)
giliŋ [h l], around, round (Sa) {gigluk or giling}
gɩlɩŋ [h l], def. gɩlɩka [h l h], pl. gɩlɩsɩ [h l l], (Sa: gɩla), vein (Ca)
giliŋ [h l], p.a. -wo/ye, to surround (Sa) {gilim} cf. gilikiŋ
giliŋgaaŋ [h h lh], Sept16: [l lh lh], def. giliŋgaangku [l lh l l] pl. giliŋgaasi [l lh l l], pied crow (Ca)
gimiŋ [h l], def. ginni [h h], pl. gime [h l] sparrow (Ca)
gɩŋgaŋ [h l], def. gɩŋgannɩ [h l h], pl. gɩŋgana [h l l], def. gɩŋganaha [h l l h], big wooden cylindrical drum (Ca, Da, Sa) {ginggaung}
gɩŋgaŋ-daarɩŋ [h l h l], def. gɩŋgaŋ-daaku [h l h h], pl. gɩŋgaŋ-daara, drumstick of gɩŋgaŋ-drum (Ba, Da, Sa)
gɩŋgaŋbɩŋ [h h h], pl. gɩŋgaŋbɩsi, conical type of drum with pegs, also modern drums with metal body, syn. gurumansa (Da, Ba, Sa)
gɩrɩ [h h], to surround, to fence in (Ca), cf. gɩlɩng
gɩrɩgɩ [h h l], p.a. -wo, to be crowded (Ca, Sa), to occupy (Sa)
gɩrɩŋ [l h], def. gɩrɩku (Ca), gɩrɩka (Sa), pl. gɩrɩtɩ, def. gɩrɩtɩtɩ, (surrounding) fence {geruk}
gɩrɩŋ [l h], def. gɩrɩke, gɩrɩka [l h h], pl. gɩrɩsɩ [l h l], def. gɩrɩsɩsɩ [l h h h], bangle or waist-string made of plaited straw or leather (Da, Sa), belt (Ba), leather bangle used to protect an archer’s wrist against the rebounding bowstring (Sa)
gobi [h l], p.a. -wo/ye, to cut, to slaughter (e.g. in a sacrifice), to harvest, to reap; gobi kɔli, lit. ‘to cut penis’, to circumcise (Ba) – Ni keŋa ti gibi kpiaŋ yiwa. Come (pl.) and let us slaughter a fowl for him. {gebi}
gobiŋ [h l], gubiŋ, short {gelik}
goli, gole [h l], to be deep (Sa) – Ka ka gole. It is not deep. It is shallow.
Gomini [h l l], (lw. Engl. ‘governor’?), title of a chiefly office-holder
gooji [h l], def. goojike [h l h], pl. goojisi [h l l], def. pl. goojisisi [l l h h], lute, ‘guitar’, (Da: today very rare; Sa: today not with Koma)
gooliŋ [h l], guuliŋ (Ca), def. gooluku [h l h], pl. gooliti [h l l], def. goolititi [h l h h], pit, depth, hole {goluk, pl. golta} cf. guuliŋ, duŋgoliŋ
goori [h l], (sg. rare), def. goorike [h l h], pl. goore [h l], kola nut (Sa, Ba), goori balimiŋ, one kola nut; goore kpali, lit. ‘a calabash of kola nuts’, many kola nuts {goori, pl. goora}
goori [h l], to embrace (Sa)
goori [h l], to stop fighting, to separate {goori, to stop}
gora (to sleep, Na), see guuri
gori [h l], to dress, gori tɔŋ, to fix a bowstring
gotige [h l h], def. gotigiri [h l h h], pl. gotigisi [h l h l], def. gotisisi [h l h h h], sickle (Sa, Da) {goatik}
grimiŋ, 1. unnatural death, evil cause of death, 2. wailing?
grʋmansa (drum), see gʋrʋmansa
gu [h], to bury, see guu
gʋarɩ (Ca), see gurɩ
gubiŋ (short), see gobiŋ
guguuru [h l l], burier (Ca)
gʋmɩŋ [l l], def. gʋŋka [l h], pl. gʋnsɩ [l l], def. gʋnsɩsɩ [l l h h], kapok tree (Ca) {gong}
guŋguma [h l l], hunchback, cf. guari (to bend)
guŋguma [h l l], water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes {gung}
guŋgʋmɩŋ [h l l], def. gʋŋgʋŋka [h h h], pl. gʋŋgʋma [h h l], def. pl. gʋŋgʋmaha [h h h h], kapok fruit (Ca) {gung-gumi}
gʋŋgʋntɩ pl. [h l l], def. pl. gʋŋgʋntɩti [h l h h], cotton (Sa)
gʋŋgʋntɩ tɩɩŋ [h l l lh], cotton tree, but not identical with gumiŋ (Sa)
guŋuŋtariŋ [l h h h], Scarlet-breasted Sunbird (Chalcomitra senegalensis) and Green-headed or Olive-backed Sunbird (Cyanomitra verticalis), (Da)
gʋraaŋ, gʋraŋ [h h], def. gʋraka [h h h], pl. gʋrasi [h h l], def. gʋrasisi [h h h h], type of lizard (Ca, Ba)
gʋradaaŋ [l l h], (daaŋ, male), def. gʋradaaka [l l h h], pl. gʋradaasi [l l h l], def. gʋradaasisi [l l h h h], lizard sp., agamen? (Sa)
gʋrɩ [h l], (Sa), gʋarɩ (Ca), to bend – U naŋ gurɩ. He will bend (i.e. develop a hunchback), cf. gʋŋguma, hunchback {gori}
gʋrʋmansa [l l l l], grʋmansa [l l l], def. gʋrʋmansaka [l l l l h], pl. gʋrʋmansasi [l l l l l], def. pl. gʋrʋmansasisi [l l l l h h], conical drum with pegs (Sa); syn. giŋgaŋbiŋ {gurmanchiak}
gʋtɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to increase (Sa), to add, nagɩ a gʋtɩ, lit. ‘to take and add’, to add {gum}
guu [h], p.a. -wo/-ye, to bury, gu(u) kuŋ, to bury the dead {gu}
guuliŋ, def. guuluku, pl. guuliti, pit (Ca), cf. goliŋ {goluk, hole}
guuŋ [h], def. guumbu [h h], pl. guune [h l], def. guunehe [h l h], twisted or plaited rope, string, thread (Ca), also: traditional fibre string worn around the wrist of a mourner at funerals (Da), cf. ganiŋ
guuŋ bɔbɩkɩŋ [lh l l lh], def. guuŋ bɔbɩkɩrɩ [lh l l l l], pl. guuŋ bɔbɩka [lh l l h], def. guuŋ bɔbɩkaha, lit. ‘rope used for tying’, rope tied around a mourner’s wrist (Sa) {bobi, ‘to tie’}
guuŋ ŋminiŋ [h l l], Sept16: [lh l lh], def. guu-ŋmimbu [h l h] Sept16: [l lh l], pl. guuŋ ŋmina [lh l l], def. guuŋ ŋminaha [lh l l h], red string (Sa) {muning, red}
guuŋ yalɩŋ [h l h], def. guuŋ yalɩka [h l h h], pl. guuŋ yala [h l l], def. guuŋ yalaha [h l l h], white string (Sa) {pielim, white}
gʋʋrɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to sleep – Ni gʋʋrɩ yaa? Did you sleep (well)? (Ba) {goa}

 

Gb

gbaanchʋʋŋ (Da: gbaaŋchʋŋ) [h lh], def. gbaanchʋʋri [h h h], pl. gbaanchʋra [h h ..], def. gbaanchʋraha [h h h h](cf. gbaaŋ, dog), hyena (Ca, Sa), Spotted Hyena, Crocuta crocuta (Da)
gbaanɩŋ [h l], v.n., healing (Sa)
gbaaŋ [lh], def. gbaaka, pl. gbaasi, def. gbaasisi, dog {biak}
gbaaŋ (skin), see gbaniŋ
gbaaŋ [lh], def. gbaaku, pl. gbaati, def. gbaatiti, courtyard, section of a compound; compound dependent on another compound; gbaaku ma, in the courtyard (Ba, Sa)
gbaaŋ hɔgʋ jakʋʋŋ, oldest woman of a courtyard
gbaaŋ jakʋʋŋ, most senior man (head) of a courtyard
gbaaŋ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to treat (e.g. a sore), to heal; gbaaniŋ, v.n., healing
gbaasɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to claim a young girl as wife (Ca, Sa, Ba)
gbaasɩŋ [h l], v.n. of gbaasi (v.)
gbaasɩkɩŋ [h l h], adj. form of gbaasɩ (v.), cf. hɔgu gbaasɩkɩŋ
gbagɩchɩarʋ [h l h l], (gbagiŋ, lake; chɩa, to cut), fisher (Ca)
gbagɩlɩŋ [h l l], shell (Sa)
gbagɩŋ [h l], def. gbagɩrɩ [h l h], pl. gbaga [h l], def. gbagaha [h l h], lake
gbala [h l], def. gbalika [h l h], pl. gbalisi [h l l], def. gbalisisi [h l h h], sp. type of straw-mat, diagonally plaited (Da) {gbali}
gbalɩgɩ, gbɛlɩgɩ [h l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to be or get tired (Ca, Sa)
gbalɩg(ɩ)sɩ [h l l l], fatigue, hardship
Gbana [h l], name of a Yikpabongo shrine (Ba)
gbanɩŋ [h l], def. gbaŋku [h h], pl. gbantɩ [h l], def. gbantɩtɩ [h h h] 1. skin (of an animal), hide; naagɩŋ gbanɩŋ, cowskin; gbanɩŋ (gbaaŋ) yuoŋ, pl. gbaanɩŋ yuoti, diviner’s bag, general name for divination tools in the bag (Sa), 2. book (Ca, Sa), letter{gbang, gbain}
gbantalɩŋ [h l l], def. gbantalɩka [h l l h], pl. gbantalɩsɩ [h l l l], def. pl. gbantalɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], bare ground (Ca)
gbantanɩɩriŋ [h l l l], def. gbantanɩɩrika [h l l l h], pl. gbantanɩɩrɩtɩ [h l l l l], def. pl. gbantanɩɩrɩtɩtɩ, gbantanɩɩrɩsɩsɩ, [h l l l h h], chameleon (Ba, Sa)
gbanzaba [h l l], def. gbanzabika [h l l h], pl. gbanzabisi [h l l l], def. gbanzabisisi [h l l h h], (specialised) leather worker {gbang-zabi}
gbaŋ [h], -self, -selves – Yigi fi gbaŋ (Ba). Hold yourself (i.e. have self-control).
Gbaŋdaana [h l l], (Mampruli?), lit. ‘skin-owner’, title of the acting chief (e.g. an elder son) after a chief’s death
Gbaŋwaaŋ [h lh], def. Gbaŋwaaka, pl. Gbaŋwaasi, Mamprusi (Ca, Sa)
gbaŋyeekiŋ [h l h], pl. gbaŋyeeke, traditional leather apron, today very rare (Sa, Da)
gbara [h l], def. gbarika [h l h], pl. gbarisi [h l l], bath sponge (Ca, Sa)
gbarɩ [h l], to watch, cf. gbɩbarɩtu
gbarɩaŋ, gbɛrɩaŋ [l lh], def. gbarɩaku [l ]pl. gbarɩatɩ [ ], def. gbarɩatɩtɩ [ h h], worm, earth worm
gbarɩgɩ [h l l], p.a. -ya, to be or become crippled
gbarɩgɩŋ [h l l], def. gbarɩgɩrɩ [h l l h], pl. gbarɩgɩsɩ [h l l l], (Ca), gbarɩga (Ba), def. pl. gbarɩgɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], 1. cripple, 2. condition of being a cripple {gbaring, to be lame}
gbarɩgɩŋ [h l l], spec. medicine, a black concoction made of charcoal and shea butter; used for treating a person stung by a scorpion
gbarɩŋ [h l], pl. gbarɩsɩ, traditional rope construction for tying donkeys and horses (Da, Sa)
gbatɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to catch, to snatch (Ba), to entrap (Na); to seduce a wife (Ba)
gbatɩŋ [h l], seduction (Ba, Sa) – kuŋ gbatɩŋ, taking care of a dead person (e.g. wearing the deceased’s clothes)
gbatoŋ [l h], def. gbatonni [l h h] pl. gbatogiti [l h h l] (or?) gbatoo, def. gbatogititi [l h h h h] or gbatoohe, 1. square mortar used on bush farms, 2. (smaller type, also called gbaŋ batoŋ) wooden trough for dogs, usually made of wood of the vogsi tree (Sa)
gbawutiŋ [h l l], tree sp.
gbegimiŋ [h l h], def. gbeginni [h l h], pl. gbegime [h l h], def. pl. gbegimehe [h l h h], lion {gbengli}
gbeŋkoŋ [h l], cassava
gbeŋyuoŋ [h l], def. gbeŋyuoke [h l h], pl. gbeŋyuoti [h l l], def. pl. gbeŋyuotiti [h l h h], leather covering (e.g. of a quiver), leather strap (e.g. for fastening the bow string to the bow staff or an arrowhead to the shaft), a piece of leather; see yuoŋ
gbɩ [h], p.a. -ya, to touch; gbɩa, to be touching (Ca, Sa)
gbɩ-sɔblɩŋ [l l l], black fish (Sa, Ba), cf. gbɩɩŋ
gbɩabɩŋ [l h], def. gbɩabɩku [l h h], pl. gbɩabɩtɩ [l h l], def. gbɩabɩtɩtɩ [l h h h], (Ca, Sa), door
gbie-biŋ [l h], def. gbie-bike [l h h], pl. gbie-bisi [l h l], def. gbie-bisisi [l h h h], small ceramic vessel, pot (Sa)
gbie-woruŋ [l h l], def. gbie-woruka [l h l h], pl. gbie-worusi [l h l l], def. gbie-worusisi, pot without bottom used as a roof finial (Da, Sa)
gbie-wʋnsɩrʋ [l l l l], def, gbie-wʋnsɩrʋwa [l l l l h], pl. gbie-wʋnsɩrɩŋ [l l l l], def. gbie-wʋnsɩrɩba [l l l l h], potter (Sa), cf. gbie-miirʋ
gbie(m)-mɩɩrʋ [l l l], lit. ‘pot-builder’, potter (Ca, Sa), cf. gbie-wʋnsɩrʋ
gbiechome [l h l], (pl.), def. gbiechomehe, small knobbed ceramic vessel (Sa, Da), usually a shrine, cf. kaplichome (knobbed calabash)
gbieŋ [lh], def. gbieke, pl. gbiesi, def. gbiesisi, (Sa, Da, Ba, Ca), ceramic vessel, cooking pot; ‘shrine’, hɔgla gbieŋ, ‘lover’s shrine’, yiiba-gbieŋ, twins’ shrine, gbie-hag(i)riŋ , def. gbie-hagiriku, powerful shrine (Ba, Sa) (cf. gbie-biŋ)
gbigi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to approach, to be near or close to; transl. near
gbɩgbaantʋrʋ, def. gbɩbaantʋrʋwa, pl. gbɩgbaantʋrɩŋ, def. gbɩgbaantʋrɩba, native doctor
gbɩgbaŋ [l h], def. gbɩgbaka [l h h], pl. gbɩgbagɩsɩ [l h h l], tree sp. (Ca)
gbɩgbarɩtʋ, def. gbɩgbarɩtʋwa, pl. gbɩgbarɩtɩ, def. gbɩbarɩtɩba, watcher (Ca, Sa)
gbɩgbatɩrʋ [l h l l], def. gbɩbatɩrɩwa [l h l l h], pl. gbɩgbatɩrɩŋ [l h l l], def. gbɩgbatɩrɩba [l h l l h], robber (Ca, Sa)
gbɩɩ [h], to touch, see gbɩ
gbɩɩŋ [h], (Na: gbeen), def. gbɩɩbu [h h], pl. gbɩɩtɩ [h l], def. gbɩɩtɩtɩ [h h h], sleep, cf. guurɩ, v.
gbɩɩŋ [lh], def. gbɩɩka [ ], pl. gbɩɩsɩ [ ], catfish (Ca), Clarias anguillaris? (Da)
gbili [h l], to become blunt (Sa)
gbɩlɩ(ŋ)ba [l l h], side by side; a naŋ gbɩlɩŋba, to fall side by side (in wrestling: match ends in a draw)
gbiŋ [h], p.a. -wo/-ye, to tie; gbiŋkiŋ, tied (Ca)
gbiŋgbegiliŋ [l h l l], def. gbiŋgbegileke [l h l h], pl. gbiŋgbegile [l h l l], def. gbiŋgbegilisisi
[l h l l h h]traditional woven straw lid (e.g. for granaries), today very rare (Da, Sa)
gbɩŋgbɩŋɩŋ [h h l], def. gbɩŋgbɩŋke, pl. gbɩŋgbɩnsɩ, def. gbɩŋgbɩnsɩsɩ fowl with ruffled feathers (Ca) {gbingbing, fowl without feathers}
gbɩnyʋaŋ [l lh], def. gbɩnyʋarɩ [ ], gbiŋyʋaka, pl. gbɩŋyʋara, gbɩnyɔra, def. gbɩŋyʋaraha (Sa, Ca), duck
gbirigi [h l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to kneel (Sa)
gbɔge chiiru, carrier of a stretcher (gbɔge only in this compound, Ba)
gbɔŋ [h], def. gbɔŋku [h h], pl. gbɔti [h l], def. pl. gbɔtiti [h h h], stretcher, made of sticks and interwoven fibres (Ba) {gban-doari}

 

H

ha [h], them (non humans, Ca)
haachie [l l], def. haacheke [l l h], pl. haachesi [l l l], def. haachesisi [l l h h], hatred; doing sth. to another person out of spite
haagɩ-chuŋ, haagɩ-chôŋ, male in-law, e.g. DaHuFa
haagɩŋ [l h], def. haaka [l h], pl. haagɩsɩ [l h l], (Na: haasɩ), def. haagɩsɩsɩ [l h h h], grandson (SoSo, DaSo), granddaughter (SoDa, DaDa)
haagɩŋ, def. haagɩrɩ, pl. haaga, def. haagaha, anvil (Sa)
haagɩŋ [l h], def. haagɩrɩ, bush (Ca, Ba)
haagɩŋ naagɩŋ [l h h h], def. haagɩŋ naagɩbu [l h h h], pl. haagɩŋ nɩɩge [l h h h], def. haagiŋ nɩɩgehe [l h h h h], bush-cow, African Buffalo, Syncerus caffer (Da, Sa) {goai-naab, ‘bush-cow’}
haagɩŋ vuoŋ [h h h], def. haagɩŋ vuoke [h h h h], pl. haagɩŋ vuosi [h h h l], def. haagɩŋ vuosisi [h h h h h], bushman
haalɩŋ [l h], def. haalɩku [l h h], pl. halɩti [l h l], haala [ ], def. haalɩtɩtɩ [l h h h], soul (of a human person), spirit (Sa)
haalɩŋ [h h], pl. haala (Ca), new {paalik}
haambiiŋ, hambiiŋ [l lh], def. hambiiku [l ], pl. haambie [l ], def. pl. haambiehe [l ] (antelope sp.), see hanbiiŋ
haankʋŋ, haaŋkʋʋŋ (mouse), see haŋkʋʋŋ
haarɩ [h l] (Ca), haarɩŋɩ (Sa), to meet, to reach (Nangurma ŋaarɩ, Ca) {paari}
haarɩŋ [h h], [h h] def. haarɩku [h h h], haaruku (Ca), pl. harɩtɩ [h h l], haartɩ, (Sa: haarɩsɩ, def. haarɩsɩsɩ), boat, canoe; haar-dɔntu, ferryman {ngaarung}
haarɩŋ [l h], def. haarɩka [l h h], pl. haarɩsɩ [l h l], def. haarsɩsɩ [l h h h], tree sp. (Ca)
hagɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to get up; to rise, to fly – Kala, da hagɩ. Sit, do not get up (Sa).
hagɩrɩ [h l l], p.a. -wa, to be strong (Ca), to be hard – Ka ka hagɩrɩ. It is not hard. It is soft or weak (Sa) {pagra}
hagɩrɩŋ [h l h], power, strength; gbie-hagɩrɩŋ, powerful shrine; kuŋ hagiriŋ, sudden death (Ba) {pagrim}
hagɩrɩŋ [h l h], def. hagɩrɩbʋ, hagɩrɩka [h l h h], pl. hagɩra, def. hagɩrɩtɩti [h l h h h], hagɩraha, strong, hard, difficult (Ca, Sa) {pagrik}
hagɩrɩŋ [h l h], to become strong (Sa)
hallɩ [h l], def. haalɩku [h l h], greedy
hamɩŋ [h l], def. haŋ ku [h h], pl. hama [h l], def. hamaha [h l h], debt, obligation; tuo hamiŋ, to accept an obligation {pami}
handiiru [l h l], def. handiiruwo [l h l h], pl. handiiriŋ [l h l], def. handiiribe [l h l h], lit. ‘debt-eater’, debtor (Sa, Ca)
hanbiiŋ, hambiiŋ, haambiiŋ [l lh], def. hanbiiku [l ], pl. hanbie [l l], def. hanbiehe [l l h], type of antelope (with white patches on both sides), Bushbuck (Da, Sa,Ca), Tragelaphus scriptus
hangbabɩŋ [l l h], def. hangbabɩke [l l h h], pl. hangbabɩsɩ [l l h l], def. hangbabɩsɩsɩ [l h l h h], African Civet, Viverra civetta (Da, Sa)
hangbaŋmɩnbiŋ [ ] def. hangbaŋmɩnbɩke, pl. hangbaŋmɩnbɩsɩ, def. hangbaŋmɩnbɩsɩsɩ, Sand Fox, Pale Fox, Canis (Vulpes) pallidus (Da, Sa)
hanɩɩchɔŋ [l l h], def. hanɩɩchɔngwa [l l h h], pl. hanɩɩchualiŋ [l l h l], def. hanɩɩchualiba [l l h l h], (hanɩɩŋ, ‘older-in-law’, chɔŋ, ‘father’), father-in-law (Ca)
hanɩɩdaa [l l h], father-in-law, wife’s father (Ba, Sa), husband’s father (Sa)
hanɩɩdembiŋ [l l l h], def. hanɩɩdembike [l l l h h], pl. hanɩɩdembisi [l l l h l], def. pl. hanɩɩdembisisi [l l l h h h], (hanii, ‘in-law’, dembiŋ, ‘man’), father-in-law (Ca, Sa)
hanɩɩhɔgʋ [l l h l], def. hanɩɩhɔgʋwa [l l h l h], pl. hanɩɩhɔgʋba [l l h l l], def. hanɩɩhɔgʋbaha [l l h l l h], wife’s mother, husband’s mother, mother-in-law (Sa)
hanɩɩla goore [l l l h l], kola nuts given to the bride’s family
hanɩɩla juoŋ [l l l lh], family-in-law
hanɩɩla kpɩaŋ l l l lh], bridal farming services by the husband’s relations and friends; invitation by the girl’s family;
hanɩɩnuŋ [l l h], def. hanɩɩnuŋwo [l l h h], pl. hanɩɩnɩɩlɩŋ [l l h l], def. hanɩɩnɩɩlɩbe [l l h l h] mother-in-law (Ca, Ba), cf. haagɩnuŋ
hanɩɩŋ, [l l], def. haanɩɩ(ŋ)wa [l l h], pl. hanɩɩlɩŋ [l l l], def. hanɩɩlɩba [l l l h], (older) male or female in-law (Ca, Sa, Ba)
hanɩɩtɩ [l l l], bridal services, courtship relationship (Ba)
haŋ [h], def. hakku [h h], pl. hagiti [h ], def. hagititi [ ], shell, bark (Ca), cf. tii-haŋ {pauk}
haŋgoŋ, haŋgooŋ [l h l], def. haŋgooke [l h h], pl. haŋgoosi [l h l], def. haŋgoosisi [l h h h], thorn tree, thorn, twig of a thorntree, Acacia; haŋgo-sɔbiliŋ, Thirsty Thorn, Acacia seyal (Da)
hangbaaŋ [lh hl], def. hangbaaka [ ], pl. hangbaasi [ ], def. hangbaasisi (haaging, ‘bush’, gbaang, ‘dog’), leopard (Ca, Sa) {goai-biak, lit. ‘bush-dog’}
haŋkʋʋŋ, haaŋkʋʋŋ [lh l], (Sa), def. haŋkʋʋri [lh l h], pl. haŋkʋra, def. hangkʋraha [lh l ] mouse (Ca)
haŋ-guoŋ, haŋuŋ (thorn tree), see haŋoŋ
hanye [lh l], hanyie (Ba), def. hanyeke [lh l h], pl. hanyesi [lh l l], def. pl. hanyesisi [lh l h h], funeral song, dirge (Ca, Ba)
hanyie chɩarʋ [ ], def. (chiarʋ, singer), def. hanyie chɩarʋwa, pl. hanyie chɩariŋ, def. pl. hanyie chɩariba, dirge musician, specialized singer of dirges (Ba)
hanyie tʋaŋ [lh l lh], def. hanye tʋaka [ ], pl. hanye tʋati, def. hanye tʋatiti, lit. ‘bitter dirge’, specific dirge (with drumming) sung by the elders at funerals
havuobiŋ, havobiŋ [h l h], def. havuobike [h l h h], pl. havuobisi [h l h l], def. havuobisisi [h l h h h], girl, young female
heesi [h l], p.a. -ye, to yawn (Sa) {ngaasi}
hoogɩ [h l], (to perish), see hʋʋgɩ
hooliŋ (no pl.), fog {koaluk}
hooŋ [h], (colander), see huung
hɔg(ɩ)la gbieŋ [l h l lh], def. hɔgla gbieke [ ], pl. hɔgla gbiesi [ ], def. hɔgla gbiesisi, lit.‘lover’s shrine’
hɔgʋ, [l h], def. hɔgʋwa [l h h], (Ca: > hɔwwa), pl. hʋang [l], hɔ(gʋ)ba (Sa), def. hɔgʋbaha, woman, lady, wife, brother’s wife {pok, pl. pooba}
hɔgʋ [l h], female
hɔgʋ bɩaŋ [l h lh], def. hɔgʋ bɩaku [l h ], pl. hɔgu bɩatɩ, def. hɔgu bɩatɩtɩ, bad woman, e.g. a woman who aborts {biak, bad}
hɔgʋ bɩŋ [l h l], lit.‘small woman’, junior wife, i.e. a woman who married her husband after his first wife
hɔgʋ buobiŋ [l h l h], def. hɔgʋ buobika [l h l h h], pl. hɔgʋ ballibisi [ ], def. hɔgʋ ballibisisi, second wife (Ca, Sa)
hɔg(ʋ) chɩɩ [l h h], nursing mother (Ba)
hɔgʋ faarɩŋ [l h l h] act of marrying a woman, marriage, wedding {nipok faarika}
hɔgʋ faarɩtu [l h l l], lit. ‘woman-marryer’, groom (Ca)
hɔgu gbaasɩkɩŋ [l h h l h], hɔgʋ gbaasɩŋ (Ba), a wife acquired at her birth by putting one’s hand on the baby (Ba)
hɔgʋ gbatɩkɩŋ [l h h l h], a wife acquired by seduction (from her former husband)
hɔgʋ haalʋ [l h h l], def. hɔgʋ haalʋwa [l h h l h], pl. hɔgʋ haala [l h h l l], newly married wife, bride (Ba, Sa )
hɔgʋ haalʋ saaŋ [l h h l lh], def. hɔgʋ haalʋ saari, pl. hɔgʋ haalʋ saara [l h h l ] def. hɔgʋ haalʋ saaraha, marriage name, given at the new wife’s naming ceremony
hɔgʋ jakʋʋŋ [l h h l], def. hɔgʋ jakʋʋri [l h h h], pl. hɔgʋ nyiŋkʋra [l h ], def. hɔgʋ nyiŋkʋraha, senior (first) wife, female head of a family
hɔgʋ kʋʋŋ [l h l], old wife
hɔgʋ kpaŋ [l h h], (kpaŋ, unmarried), def. hɔgʋ kpanni [l h ], pl. hɔgʋ kpana [l h h l], def. pl. hɔgʋ kpanaha [l h h l h], unmarried woman, spinster (Ca, Sa); hɔgu kpaŋ bua, child of an unmarried woman (Ba)
hɔgʋ lɩa, hɔglɩe [l h l], young woman, young lady
hɔgʋ lɩa a maarɩŋ [l h l l h], first delivery (of a daughter)
hɔgʋ lɩaŋ [l h lh], def. hɔgʋ lɩawa, pl. hɔgʋ lɩasi, def. hɔgʋ lɩasɩsɩ, unmarried mature girl {nipok liang}
hɔgʋ p(ɩ)rɩŋ [l h l h], barren woman, woman who has not given birth (Ba)
hɔgʋ sʋkɩŋ [l h l h], a wife acquired after offering courtship money
hɔgʋ tʋgʋrʋ [l h l h l], def. hɔgʋ tʋgʋrʋwo [l h l h l h], pl. hɔgʋ tʋgʋriŋ [l h l h l], def. hɔgʋ tʋgʋribe [l h l h l h], birth attendant, (traditional) midwife (Ba)
hɔgʋ yɩkɩŋ [l h l h], a wife snatched away without observing all courtship procedures {yigi, catch}
hʋhʋʋru [l l l], swearer (Ca), cf. hʋʋ (to swear)
hʋʋ [h], p.a. -ya / -wa, to swear (e.g. by a shrine saying: “May the shrine punish him!”), cf. kaatɩ, to curse, to challenge (Ca, Ba, Sa)
hʋʋ-kpʋkiŋ [h l h], pl. hʋʋ-kpʋka [h l h], lit. ‘woven grass’, roof-mat made of grass (Da, Sa), cf. kpʋgi, to weave {wu-kpanung}
huubiŋ (Tantuosi dialect), pl. huube, liver, see wubing (Yikpabongo dialect)
hʋʋbɔbɩŋ [l l h], def. hʋʋbɔbɩkʋ [l l h h], pl. hʋʋbɔba [l l l], def. hʋʋbɔbaha [l l l h], bundle of thatch (Sa)
hʋʋgɩ (hoogɩ, Na) [h l], p.a. -ya, to be or make rotten, to decay, to rot, to perish (Ca, Sa), cf. woogɩ (Nangr.)
hʋʋŋ [h], def. hʋʋku [h h], pl. hʋʋtɩ [h l], (Na: hootɩ, Nangr.: wuutɩ), def. hʋʋtɩtɩ [h h h], herb, grass, grass of a roof, thatch (Ca, Ba) {wuuk, pl. wuuta, grass}
hʋʋŋ [h], def. hʋʋkʋ [h h], pl. hʋʋsɩ [h l], def. pl. hʋʋsɩsɩ [h h h], perforated earthen vessel (like a sieve) for smoking and steaming; colander, used for smoking fish and meat (Da, Sa), syn. daabuluŋ)
hʋʋŋ [h], wild cat (Sa), cf. gaanlʋʋŋ (cat)
hʋʋrɩŋ [h l], to snore (Sa)
hʋʋsɩ, see hʋʋ
hʋʋsɩŋ [h h], dung (Sa)
hʋʋti [h l], (pl., herbs), s. hʋʋŋ
hʋʋyebiŋ [h l h], def. hʋʋyebiku [h l h h], pl. hʋʋyebiti [h l h ] def. hʋʋyebititi [h l h h h], sp. grass (Ba)

J

jaalɩŋ [h l], (ritual) joking, in: karisi jaalɩŋ, to joke (lit
jaaŋ [lh], def. jaabu, pl. nyɩnti or nyɩŋti, def. nyɩntɩtɩ or nyɩŋtɩtɩ, thing (Ca, Ba, Sa), animal, living being, property; n chua jaaŋ my father’s property, see also ja- {jaab, pl. ngantaa}
jabalɩkɩŋ [l l l h], def. jabalɩkɩrɩ [l l l h h], pl. nyɩŋbalɩka, def. nyɩŋbalɩkaha, language (Ca, Sa), cf. balɩ, v., balɩŋ, n.
jabalɩmɩŋ [l h l l], one thing, one piece – Ti yo (yi) jabalɩmɩŋ. We are one people (Ba).
jabɩakɩŋ [l l h], jabɩɩkɩŋ, jabɩɩsɩkiŋ, a thing found (Ba)
jabɩŋ [l h], def. jabɩke [l h h], pl. nyɩŋbɩsɩ [ ], def. nyɩŋbɩsɩsɩ, something small
jabɩŋ [l h], def. jabɩrɩ [l h h], pl. jaba [l l], def. jabaha [l l h], traditional triangle cloth, underwear of men (Sa, Da)
jabuge [l h l], (Ba: jebuge), def. jabuke [l h h], pl. jabugisi [l h h l], def. jabugisisi [l h l h h], old type of gun, musket (Sa, Ba)
Jabunɩ, Jebunɩ, Jabuunɩ [l l l], def. Jabunɩke [l l l h], pl. Jabunɩsɩ [l l l l], def. pl. Jabunɩsɩsɩ [l l l h h], name of a shrine (Ba, Sa) {cf. ja-buui, dreadful creature}
jabʋʋrɩŋ [h l l], def. jabʋʋrɩkɩrɩ [h l l h], pl. nyɩŋbʋra [ ], def. nyɩŋbʋraha, seed (Sa)
jadikkiŋ, pl. nyiŋdikke, lit. ‘cooking thing’; pot (Ca)
jadiikiŋ [h l h], def. jadikiri [h l h h], (sg. rare), pl. nyiŋdiike [ ], def. nyiŋdiikeba, nyingdiikehe, something to eat, food, meal {ja-diim, pl. ngan-diinta}
Jadɔŋ [h l], Jadɔga, name of a spirit and its shrine, can become a diviner’s auxiliary spirit (Ba, Sa) {jadok}
jagibiŋ [l l h], def. jagibike [l l h h], pl. jagibisi [l l h l], def. jagibisisi [l l h h h], animal of the jaŋ-class (see jaŋ) that is not fully grown
jagɩŋ [h h], def. jagɩrɩ [h h h], pl. jaga [h ] def. jagaha, shelter, open shed in front of the compound, assembly room of elders {kusung}
jagɩŋ nyɩŋkura [h h ], (pl.), def. jagɩŋ nyɩŋkuraha [ ] elders of the jagɩŋ-shelter
jagobiŋ [l h l], def. jagobiri [l h l h], pl. nyiŋgobe, def. nyiŋgobehe (Sa) , short (thing)
jagulimiŋ, def. jagulinni, pl. nyiŋgulime, def. nyiŋgulimehe (Sa) , round (thing)
jahaalɩŋ [l h l], def. jahaalɩka, pl. nyɩŋhaala, def. nyɩŋhaalaha (Sa) , new (thing)
jakasɩŋ [l h l], def. jakasɩka, pl. nyɩŋkasa, def. nyɩiŋkasaha, unripe (thing)
jakpeŋkpɩɩŋ [l h h], def. jakpeŋkpɩɩka, pl. nyɩŋkpeŋkpɩɩma, def. nyɩŋkpeŋkpɩɩmaha (Sa), large, big (thing)
jakʋʋŋ [l lh], def. jakʋʋri, pl. nyiŋkʋra, def. nyiŋkʋraha, elder (Ca, Sa, Ba), head (of a family, lineage or clan), old person, master, senior (Ba)
jakʋʋŋ [l lh], pl. nyiŋkʋra, adj., old, senior, older, hɔgʋ jakʋʋŋ, old woman, daa jaakʋʋŋ, old man (Ba)
jaalɩŋ [l l], def. jaalɩka [l l h], pl. jaalɩtɩ [l l l], def. jaalɩtɩtɩ [l l h h], type of antelope, Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca redunca) and/or Kob (Kobus kob) (Da, Sa)
jalɩŋ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to lean against (Ca, Sa)
jalɩrikiŋ [l l l h], def. jalɩrikiri pl. nyiŋlɩrike, def. nyiŋlɩrikehe [ ],(skimmer), see maasa jalɩrɩkɩŋ
janɩgikɩŋ [h l l h], def. janɩgɩkɩrɩ [h l l h h], pl. nyɩŋnɩgɩka [ ], def. nyɩŋnɩgɩkaha, drum (Sa)
janlɩariŋ [l l h], ghost (Ba), syn. kogiŋ and jasunsuŋ
jaŋ [h], pl. jagsi or jaŋsi a specific class of huntable animals (most of them antelopes); cf. jagibiŋ
jaŋbeeli-tuliŋe [l l l l l h], def. jaŋbeeli-tuliŋke [l l l l l h], pl. jaŋbeeli-tuliŋsi [l l l l l l], def. jaŋbeeli-tuliŋsisi [l l l l l h h], traditional woven fish-trap (Da)
jaŋbeeliŋ [l h h], def. jaŋbeelike [l h h h], pl. jaŋbeelisi, traditional woven birds’ trap (Da)
jaŋɩsɩ [l l l], kenaf (fibre plant), Hibiscus cannabinus (Sa,Da)
jaŋkpalaarɩŋ [h h l h], def. jaŋkpalaarɩka [h h l h h], pl. jaŋkpalaarɩsɩ [h h l h l], def. jaŋkpalaarɩsɩsɩ [h h l h h h], swallow, n. (Ca, Sa), e.g. European Swallow, Hirundo rustica (Da) {takaribalieng}
jaŋŋa, jaŋa [h l], def. jaŋika [h l h], pl. jaŋisi [h l l], type of dance (touching buttocks)
jaŋmana [l l l], everything, all (Sa) {ja-miena}
jaŋmɩnɩŋ [l l l], def. jaŋmɩnɩŋka [l l l h], pl. nyɩŋŋmɩna [ ], def. nyɩŋŋmɩnaha, something red {ja-moanung}
janyeeriŋ [l l h], def. janyeerike, pl. nyiŋnyeere, def. nyiŋnyeerehe (Sa) , narrow (thing)
janyɩŋkɩŋ [l l h], def. janyɩŋkɩrɩ [l l h h], pl. nyɩŋnyɩŋka, def. nyɩŋnyɩŋkaha, lit. ‘thing that has come out’, fruit, generic name (Sa)
japɔlɩ [l h l], def. japɔlɩka [l h l h], pl. nyɩŋpɔla, def. nyɩŋpɔlaha (Sa) , young (thing)
jaraaŋ [l lh], def. jaraaka pl. jaraasi, def. jaraasisi (jaaŋ, thing, animal; -raaŋ, male) buck (domestic or wild, Sa)
jasololoŋ [l l l l], def. jasololoke [l l l h], pl. nyiŋsololoti, smooth (thing) (Sa)
jasɔbɩlɩŋ [l l l h], def. jasɔbɩlɩka [l l l h h], pl. nyɩŋsɔbɩla, def. nyɩŋsɔbɩlaha, black, blue (thing) (Sa)
jasʋnsʋŋ [l l l], ghost, lit. ‘cold thing’, syn. kogiŋ and janliari
jatɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to spread out (Sa)
jatɔgʋ [l h l], useless thing
javuukiŋ, javukiŋ [l l h], (Ca: jevukiŋ), def. javuukiri [l l h h], pl. nyiŋvuuke, def. nyiŋvuukehe, snake
javuuki-tunyaaŋ [l l l l lh] Boomslang, Dispholidus typus (Da), cf. tunyaaŋ (Mamba)
jawaŋ [l lh), def. jawaku, pl. nyiŋwagiti, def. nyiŋwagititi (Sa) , long (thing)
jawɩagɩŋ [l l h], def. jawɩagɩrɩ [l l h h], pl. nyɩŋwɩaga, def. nyɩŋwɩagaha (Sa), empty (thing)
jawɩɩ [l l], def. jawɩɩka [l l h], pl. jawɩɩsɩ [l l l], def. jawɩɩsɩsɩ [l l h h], moon-amulet (Sa, Da)
jayalɩŋ [l l l], jayɩalɩŋ, jayelɩŋ, def. jayalɩka [l l l h], pl. nyɩŋyala, def. nyɩŋyalaha, white (thing)
jayeekiŋ [l l h], jayegikiŋ, def. jayeekiri [l l h h], jayegikiri, pl. nyiŋyeeke, def. nyiŋyeekehe, dress, clothes, clothing, shirt (Sa)
jayeeki-waŋ [l l l lh], (waŋ or woŋ, ‘long’), def. jayeekiwaku [ ], pl. nyiŋyeekiwagiti, def. nyiŋyeekiwagititi, robe (male), (Sa)
jayɩalɩŋ [l l l], (white thing), see jayalɩŋ
jeeti [l l], to go fishing (Ca), to catch fish (Sa)
jɩ-gbaaŋ [l lh], pl. jɩ-gbaatɩ, abandoned compound, ruin, abandoned settlement
jɩamɩŋ [l l], v.n., rendering services (Ba)
jɩaŋ [lh], p.a. -ya, to serve (Ba, Sa)
jɩbɩŋ [l h], def. jɩbɩke [l h h], pl. jɩbɩsɩ [l h l], def. jɩbɩsɩsɩ [l h h h], knife, cutlass (Ca, Da, Ba, Sa); syn. karantɩa {gebik}
jɩdanbɩsa [l l h l], (Hausa), storied building (Sa)
jɩdasoro [l l l l], jɩdasoruŋ, def. jɩdansoroke [l l l l h], pl. jɩdansorosɩ [l l l l l], def. jɩdansorosɩsɩ [l l l l h h], (lw. Hausa), mosquito-net (Sa)
jɩgɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to shrink, to contract (Sa)
jigi-digikiŋ [h l l l h], def. jigi-digikiri [h l l l h], pl. jigi-digike, def. jigi-digikehe, cooking place (Ca)
jigiŋ [l h], def. jigiri [l h h], pl. jige [l l], def. jigehe [l h h], place, spot, transl. ‘beside’, ‘with’ (Na, Sa) – U bie ti jigiŋ. She is with us. – N zi ba jigiŋ. I do not know their whereabouts. {jigi}
jɩgisɩ [l l l], to be dense, thick (Na)
jii [h], p.a. -ye, to press sb. down, e.g. in wrestling, (Ba)
jiigiŋ [h l], def. pole (Ca)
jɩɩma [h l], p.a. -wa, to watch (Sa)
jɩɩŋ [h], def. jɩɩka [h h], pl. jɩɩsɩ [h l], def. jɩɩsɩsɩ [h h h], (Mampruli lw.) tree sp.; West African Ebony Tree, Diosporos mespilliformis (Da, Ba), used as medicine against nua tuaŋ (bad mouth or talk); its fruit: jɩa
jɩɩŋ [h], def. jɩɩka [h h], pl. jɩɩsɩ [h l], def. jɩɩsɩsɩ [h h h],(Ca), fruit sp.
jɩɩŋ [lh], def. jɩɩka [ ], pl. jɩɩsɩ, def. jɩɩsɩsɩ, spitting cobra (Ca), Blanding’s Tree Snake, Boiga blandingii (and/or) Black Tree Snake, Thrasops occidentalis and flavigularis, poisonous snake (Da, Sa)
jɩkkɔrɩŋ [l l h], jɩkkɔruŋ (Sa), def. jɩkkɔrɩku, jɩkkɔruku [l l h h], pl. jɩkɔrɩtɩ [l l h l], jɩkkɔttɩ (Ca), def. jɩkɔrɩtɩtɩ [l l h h h], sp. basket bv {yikoari}
jɩkkɔrɩ-gilikiŋ [l l l l l h], def. jɩkkɔrɩ-gilikiri [l l l l l h h], pl. jɩkkɔrɩ-gilike [l l l ], type of basket with a lid (Sa)
jiliŋ [l h], def. jiliku [l h h], pl. jiliti [l h l], def. jilititi [l h h h], tongue (Ca, Sa) {ginggelung}
jɩm (potash) see jɩŋ and jɩntuaŋ
jɩmɩŋ [l h], def. jɩŋka [l h h], pl. jɩŋsɩ [l l], def. jɩŋsɩsɩ [l h h], evil spirit (Ba)
jɩnjaamɩŋ [l h l], def. jɩnjaannɩ, (Sa:) jɩnjaŋka [l h h], pl. jɩnjaama [l h l], def. jɩnjaamaha [l h l h] bat (Ca), Hammer-Headed Bat, Hypsignatus monstrosus (Da, Sa) {jinjaanuŋ}
jinnɛ (Ca), jinne (Sa) [l l], today {jinla}
jɩntʋaŋ [l lh], def. jɩntʋaka [ ], pl. jɩntʋasɩ, def. jɩntʋasɩsɩ, (tʋaŋ, ‘bitter’) saltpetre, potash, water filtered through the ashes of millet straw (Sa); cf. jiŋ, n.
jɩŋ, jɩm [lh], def. jɩŋbu, jɩmbu, pl. jɩŋti, def. jɩŋtɩtɩ, potash, potash-water, saltpetre (Sa), cf. jɩntuaŋ
jɩŋmɩŋ [l lh], evening (Ca) {junoai}
jiribi [l l l], def. jiribike [l l l h], pl. jiribisi [l l l l], def. jiribisisi [l l l h h], yellow crystalline sulphor, used for making gunpowder (Ba) {cheri-boain}
jɩtɩ, jɩɩtɩ [h l], soup, sauce (Ca, Na, Sa), ingredients for preparing soup (Ba), jɩ-nansa, good soup {jenta}
jɩtɩ-gbieŋ [h l lh], def. jɩtɩ-gbieke, pl. jɩtɩ-gbiesi (Sa), def. jɩtɩ-gbietiti, jiti-gbiesisi, soup pot (Ba)
joge [l h], no pl., character (Sa)
jolimiŋ [l l h], humiliation (Ba)
joliŋ [l h], def. joliku [l h h], pl. joliti [l h l], def. jolititi [l h h h], Gambian Mongoose, Mungos gambianus (Da, Sa)
joliŋ [l h], def. joliku [l h h], pl. joliti [l h l], def. pl. jolititi [l h h h], jackal (Ca)
jolidaaŋ [l l lh], (daaŋ, male), Cape Hunting Dog, Wild Dog, Lycaon pictus; joliniiŋ (niiŋ, female), Side-striped Jackal, Canis adustus (Da)
jooŋ [lh], (room), see juoŋ
jɔrɩŋ (Da), jɔrɔng (Ca), jɔruŋ (Ba), [l h],def. jɔriku [l h h], pl. jɔriti [l h ](> jɔtti), def. jɔrititi [l h h h], ladder (modern or traditional)
ju (to climb), see jualɩ and juu
ju, (to light), see juu
ju (to enter), see juu
jʋali [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to climb, to ascend, to mount – jʋali Ŋmiŋ Jɔruŋ, to climb the Ŋmiŋ Jɔruŋ-shrine as part of an ordeal (Ba, Sa); jʋali tiisi, to climb trees {jueli} cf. juu
jʋaŋ [lh], def. jʋaka, pl. jʋasi, def. jʋasisi; mongoose, mongoose-shrine, also: bakuura jʋaŋ, Dwarf Mongoose, Herpestes sanguineus (Da) {juik}
jʋjʋalɩtʋ [l l l h], climber (Ca)
jujuuru [l l l], def. jujuuruwo [l l l h], pl. jujuuriŋ [l l l], def. jujuuribe [l l l h], stranger, alien (Ba), pejorative ‘not one of us’, cf. chaanu {nichaanoa}
jʋla [h l], def. jʋlika [h l h], pl. jʋlisi [h l l], def. jʋlisisi [h l h h], (Ca), Pin-tailed Whydah (male bird, cf. kavaraniŋ), Vidual macroura (Da)
jʋŋ [lh], def. jʋnni (Sa: jʋkʋ), pl. jʋaa, jʋa, def. jʋaha (Ca), tail, (of an animal), fly-whisk, also used as charm; duuŋ jʋŋ, horsetail {jiuk}
juo-digikiŋ [l l l h], def. juo-digikiri [l l l h h], pl. juo-digike [l l l h], def. juo-dikkehe, cooking room (Ca, Sa)
juo-miirʋ [l l l], mason (Ca)
juokabinaŋ [l h l l], lit. ‘leg of a bush animal’s room’, square house with a conical roof (Sa)
juoŋ [lh], jooŋ, juuŋ, def. juoku, pl. juune, june, def. juunehe, room (Ca, Sa); vuari juoŋ, to be taken to one’s room; a pili juoŋ, to roof a room; dembiŋ juoŋ, man’s room; juoŋ me, in the room (Ba)
juoŋ tieŋ [lh lh], def. juoku tiewo, pl. juune tieliŋ, def. juunehe tielibe, lit. ‘room owner’ (husband or wife)
juu [l], (Ba: juo), p.a. -wo/-ye, to enter, to go into {jo}
jʋʋ [l], jʋ, (Na: joo), p.a. -ya, to kindle, to light, to burn {ju}
juukiŋ [l l], in: ŋmiŋ juukiŋ, sunset, west (Ba)
juule [l l], entering (Ba)
jʋʋlɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to climb (Ca), cf. jʋalɩ
juune, cases
juuniŋ [l h], def. juu(m)bu [l h h], pl. juune [l h l], def. juunehe [l h h], dawa-dawa spice-ball (Sa, Ba)
juuŋ (room, Ca), see juoŋ
jʋʋsɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to beg, to request, to ask for (Ca, Sa); jʋʋsɩ Ŋmiŋ, to pray to God – Ti jʋʋsɩ fu. We beg you {juisi}
jʋʋsɩiŋ [l h], asking, request (Ca)

 

K

ka [h], it (subj. + obj. non-human, Ca) – Ka dunsɩ mɩŋ. It is heavy. Ka hoogɩya-mɩŋ. It got rotten, spoilt. Cf. kanɩng (emph.) {ka}
ka [l], its Sept16: [h]
ka [h], not – Ka ka goli. It is not deep. It is shallow (Sa). {kan; ka, not have}
kaa (to challenge), see kaatɩ
kaabɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to sacrifice (Ca, Ba), cf. kaabɩng, n. {kaabi}
kaabɩŋ [h l], def. kaabɩku [h l h], pl. kaaba [h h] def. kaabaha [h l h], (Sa), sacrifice, n.
kaala, def. kaalaha, coal, charcoal (Sa); cf. boli-kaala {kaala}
kaamɩŋ [h l], def. kaannɩ, kaamɩrɩ, pl. kaama, def. kaamaha, cheek (Ca)
kaan, afternoon, noon, hot time of the day (Na) {kantueŋ}
kaan, kaaŋ, negative particle of future, ‘will not’, ‘will never’ – Wu kaan tugi u chualiŋ (Ba). He will not reach his fathers (i.e. will not enter the ancestral world).
kaanɩ [h l], (Ca, Sa), def. kaanɩwa [h l h], one, single one, another one; kpibiŋ kaanɩ, one louse (Ca) {kanyi}
kaaŋ, cf. yiiŋ kaaŋ, stalk of an arrow (Ba)
kaaŋkpiŋ [lh h], def. kaaŋkpinni, pl. kaaŋkpie, def. kaaŋkpiehe, jaw, cheekbone (Ca, Sa)
kaarɩ [h l], to rush (Ca)
kaarɩŋ [h l], def. kaarɩku [h l h], kaarɩka, pl. kaarɩtɩ, kaarɩsɩ [h l l], def. kaarɩtɩtɩ, kaarɩsɩsɩ [h l h h] straw door, no longer used (Sa)
kaarɩŋ [h l], initiation ritual of a hunter (Ba)
kaasi (to weep), see keesi {kaari}
kaasɩ [h l], to be intelligent, to know (much), to be active – Buawa kaasɩya mɩŋ. The child is intelligent (and active).
kaasɩŋ [h h], def. kaasɩrɩ [h h h], pl. kaasa [h h], def. kaasaha [h h h], sitting place (Ca)
kaatɩ [h l], kaa, p.a. -wa/-ya, to curse, to challenge (e.g. a shrine) through incantation, cf. huusɩ, to swear {ka, to swear, to curse}
kabienembiŋ [h l l h], Long-tailed Shrike, Corvinella corvina (Da)
kagɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to protect (Sa)
kagɩbɩŋ [h l l], kabɩŋ, Roan Antelope; Hippotragus equinus, syn.(?) kaŋ, cf. juokabinaŋ
kagɩlɩ [h l l], to cross out (Ca)
kagɩlɩŋ [h l h], def. kagɩlɩ [h l h], pl. kagɩla [h l l], def. kagɩlaha [h l l h], crop of bird (Ca)
kagonte [h l h], def. kagonteke [h l h h], pl. kagontisi [h l h l], def. kagontisisi [h l h h h], fishing gear, line and hook (Da)
kagba [h l], def. kagbaka [h l h], pl. kagbasi [h l l], def. pl. kagbasisi [h l h h], straw hat (Ca, Sa); syn. kaala? cf. sibubuŋ, hat (general name)
kajaaŋde [h l l], def. kajaaŋdeke [h l l h], pl. kajaaŋdesi [h l l l], def. kajaadesisi [h l l h h], type of mat, e.g. made from split millet stalks (Da, Sa)
kajeriŋ [h l l], pl. kajerisi, three-forked stick (used e.g. for placing ceramic shrines on it), syn. daa-chagisiŋ (Da, Sa)
kakpaa [h h], knifehandle (Ca) {kpaaruŋ, handle of hoe or axe}
kakparɩŋ [h h l], def. kakparɩka [h h l h], pl. kakparɩsɩ [h h l l], def. pl. kakparɩsɩsɩ [h h l h h], tsetse fly (Ca)
kalɩŋgbɩaŋ [h l lh], kaleŋgbeaŋ, def. kalɩŋgbɩaka, kaleŋgbaaka, pl. kalɩŋgbɩasɩ, def. pl. kalɩŋgbɩasɩsɩ, mussel, shell (Ca, Sa) {kambieng}
kalɩ [h l], (Ca:) p.a. -wa, to sit, to sit down, to live, to stay – Kala, da habi. Sit down, do not leave. {kali}
kalɩnchɩmɩsɩŋ [h l h l h], plant sp., medicine against ‘evil mouth’ (nua tuaŋ), i.e. evil talk
kalɩŋa [h l l], def. kalɩŋka [h l h], pl. kalɩŋsɩ [h l l], def. kalɩŋsɩsɩ [h l h h], (Ca); type of mat (not traditional), e.g. made of plastic
kalɩŋkuoŋ [h l lh], def. kalɩngkuoke, pl. kalɩngkuosi, def. pl. kalɩngkuosisi, tree sp.(Ca)
kamantuoŋ [h l lh], def. kamantuoke, pl. kamantuosi, def. pl. kamantuosisi, tomato (Ca)
kambalʋŋ [h l l], def. kambalʋʋku [h l l h], pl. kambalʋgiti [h l l h l], def. kambalʋgititi [h l l h h h], frog sp. (Ca)
kambonnaaŋ [l l l], def. kambonnaaŋwa [l l l h], pl. kambonnaaliŋ [l l l h l], def. kambonnaaliba [l l l h h] title of a chiefly office-holder, formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors {kambon-naab}
kambontaamɩŋ [l l h l], kamuntaamɩŋ, kambuntaamɩŋ (Ca), def. kambontaanɩ [l l h h], pl. kambontaama [l l h h], def. kambontaamaha [l l h h h], (lw.), (kambong, ‘Ashanti’, taamɩng, ‘shea nut’) pawpaw
kamboŋiŋ [l l l], kanboŋiŋ, def. kamboŋike [l l l h], pl. kamboŋisi [l l l l], def. kamboŋisisi [l l l h h], Twi language (Ca, Sa) {kambong, ‘Ashanti’}
kan sʋʋŋ (to come down), see keŋ sʋʋŋ
kanchɩasɩ jɩitɩ [h l h l l], Neri soup
kanɩŋ [h l], it (emph.), cf. ka
kanpaalɩŋ [h l l], pl. kanpaala, plaited rope (Da, Sa)
kantaŋ [h h], def. kantanni [h h h], pl. kantana [h h h], def. kantanaha [h h h h], horn trumpet, horn-music {kantain, pl. kantana, horn}
kantaŋiŋ [h h l], def. kantaŋka [h h h], pl. kantaŋisi [h h l l], def. pl. kantaŋisisi [h h l h h], type of basket with square basis and round mouth (Da, Sa)
kanzasɩŋ [h h l], def. kanzasɩka [h h l h], pl. kanzasa [h h l], def. kanzasaha [h h l h], sp. fish, Lates niloticus? (Da)
kaŋ [h], def. kambu, kanni [h h], pl. kagiti [h l], def. kagititi [h h h] Roan Antelope (Ca, Da, Sa), Hippotragus equinus; syn. (?) kagibiŋ or kagbiŋ
kaŋɩlaŋ [h l l], def. kaŋɩlangka [h l l h], pl. kangɩlansɩ [h l l l], (Da: kanlansɩ), def. kangɩlansɩsɩ [h l l h h], fish sp (Ca), Citharinus sp.? (Da)
kanyarɩŋ [h l l], def. kanyarɩka [h l l h], pl. kanyarɩsɩ [h l l l], tree sp.(Ca)
kaporimiŋ, kapurimiŋ [h h l l], def. kaporike [h h l h], pl. kaporisi [h h l l], def. pl. kaporisisi [h h l h h], stirring stick with many forks at one end (Sa)
karɛntɩa (Ca), karantɩa, karentɩa (Sa) [h l l], def. karantɩaka [h l l h], pl. karantɩasɩ [h l l l], def. karantɩasɩsɩ [h l l h h], machete, cutlass (Ca, Ba, Sa)
karɩŋ, karɩm [h l], (Ar. Hausa), p.a. -wa/-ya, to read (Sa) {karim}
karisi, to exercise, to engage in, to carry out; karisi laaliŋ, to engage in joking
kasʋ [h l], def. kasʋke [h h h], pl. kasʋsi [h h l], def. kasʋsisi [h h h h], (Engl.) Cashew, Anarcadium occidentale (Da)
kataalɩŋ [h l l], def. kataalɩka [h l l h], pl. kataalɩsɩ [h l l l], kataala, def. kataalɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], kataalaha, calabash container with a lid (Ba, Sa), {kampiak}
katɩŋ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to scrape (Sa)
kavaranɩŋ [h l l l], Pin-tailed Whydah (female bird, cf. jula), Vidua macroura (Da)
kavese [h l l], def. kavesike [h l l h], pl. kavesesi [h l l l], def. kavesesisi [h l l h h], woven fan (Sa, Da)
kawanta (maize), see kawuntiŋ
kawʋntɩŋ [h l l], def. kawʋntɩrɩ, kawʋntɩka [h l l h], pl. kawʋnta [h l l], (Na: kawanta), def. kawʋntaha [h l l h], maize, corn (Ca)
keesi, kiesi, kaasi [h l], p.a. -ye, to cry, to weep (Sa), to utter a war-cry (Ba)
keesiŋ [h l], (cry, n.), see kiesiŋ,
kelɩ [h l], (to sit), see kalɩ
keŋ, kaŋ [h], to come – Keŋ niŋŋa. Come forward (Ba). Keŋ nyiŋ! Come out! Keŋ gienaa! Come here! Keŋ suuŋ! Come down! Buawa nyiŋ tuka sikpeŋ keŋ suuŋ. The child has come down from the tree (Sa).
kibee (pl.?), Hunter’s Hartebeest, Topi, Damaliscus lunatus (Da)
kienne [h l], to be coming (continuous form of keŋ) – U haaling kienne bua wa. His spirit is coming to the child (Ba).
kiesi [h l], (to cry), see keesi
kiesiŋ, keesiŋ [h l], cry, n. (Ba), cf. kaasi, v. {kaarik}
kɩkansalɩŋ [l h l l], medicine against the lack of breast milk
kikiriŋ, kekiriŋ [l l l], def. kikirike [l l l h], pl. kikirisi [l l l l], bush spirit, fairy (Ba), dwarf (Ca) {kikiruk: human, kikerik: spirit}
kɩnkama [l h l], (pl.), def. kɩnkamaha, fig, fruit of kɩnkamɩŋ tɩɩŋ (Sa)
kɩnkamɩŋ tɩɩŋ [l h l l], def. kɩnkamɩŋ tɩɩka [l h l l h], pl. kɩnkamɩŋ tɩɩsɩ, def. kɩnkamɩŋ tɩɩsɩsɩ, fig-tree (Sa) {kingkang}
kɩnkamʋʋmɩŋ [l h l l], def. kɩnkamʋʋnɩ [l h l h], pl. kinkamʋʋma [l h l h], def. kinkamʋʋmaha [l h l l h], (Ca), fruit of fig tree
kɩnkansa [l h l], (pl.?) a particular food made from millet and beans
kɩŋkanvaaŋ [l h lh], def. kɩŋkanvaaku, pl. kɩŋkanvaatɩ, sp. fish; Petrocephalus? (Da)
ko [l], just – U tiŋ ko daga mɩŋ. S/he was just showing (Ca)
koanʋŋ [l l], def. koanʋku [l l h], pl. koanʋti [l l h], musical bow (Da, Sa), cf. konu {kpanung, ‘lute’}
kodu [l l], kɔdu (Twi), banana {kooduk}
kogiliŋ [l l h], def. kogilike [l l h h], pl. kogilisi [l l h l], def. kogilisisi [l l h h h], sp. fish, Achenoglanis sp.? (Da, Sa)
kogiŋ [l l], kɔguŋ, def. koku [l h], pl. kogiti [l l l], def. kogititi [l l h h], ghost {kok}
Kogla, Kogila (name of a spirit), see Kɔgla
kokwa, wall (Ca), cf. gaamiŋ {kungkung, embankment}
kolakola [l l l l], pl. kolokolti, purple (Sa), green (Ca)
koli [l l], (tortoise), see kuli
kolɩ [l l], (penis), see kɔlɩ
kolikoli [l l l l], def. kolikolike [l l l h], pl. kolikolisi [l l l l], def. kolikolisisi [l l l l h h], turkey, also used for Bell-Shrike, Laniarius ferrugineus (Da)
kolɩŋ, kolɩn [l l], pl. koltɩ, dust (Ca, Na)
konchiaga [l l h], def. konchiagiri [l l h h], pl. konchiaga [l l h h], def. konchiagaha [l l h h], cornstalk
konchagamaasa [l h l l l], (Da), jew’s harp made of stalks (musical instrument, rare today), cf. konu
konkogiŋ [l l l], (hill), see kunkogiŋ
Konlɩa bʋa, a Koma woman’s child, i.e. a matrilineally related person (also used for Mossi)
konu [l l], raft zither made of stalks, straw harp (Da)
koŋ [h] Sa [lh], kɔŋ (Ba), def. kombu [h h], pl. konti [h l], def. kontiti [h h h], hunger (Ca, Sa), koŋ ŋmiŋ or koŋ saŋŋa, period (season) of hunger
koŋ, type of tree (Ca) {gong, kapok}
koŋkoma, a fruit (Ca) {gumguma, kapok-fruit}
koobsile [l l l], (two hundred), see kɔbisile
koofi [l l], def. koofike [l l h], pl. koofisi [l l l], def. koofisisi [l l h h], bead, plastic bead as used for women’s waist string, cf. leeti
koolaŋ (Ca), kooliŋ [l l], (Sa), pl. koola, thick (Ca)
kooli gagɩrɩŋ [l l h l l], def. kooli gagɩrɩku [l l h l h], pl. kooli gagɩrɩsɩ [l l h l h l], def. kooli gagɩrɩsɩsi [l l h l h h], calabash bottle (Sa)
kooliŋ [l l], (calabash), see kuoliŋ
kooŋ (Ca), kuaŋ (Sa) [l h], def. kuaka, pl. koosi, kuasi [back, cf. kowaa
koriŋ [h l], def. koruku [h l h], pl. koriti (Ca, Sa), seat, clay bench near the entrance of a room {kungkutung}
korpiŋ, type of gun (Ba)
kosʋŋ (kosiŋ) [h l], def. kosʋku [h l h], pl. kositi [h l h], def. pl. kosititi [h l h h], multi-story building (Ca), flat roof, roof-terrace (Ba, Sa), cf. jidanbisa (Hausa) {cf. kusung, ‘shed in front of compound’)
Kota (Sa), Kwota, Kwata [l h], name of a spirit and its shrine
kotebu [l h l], def. kotebuke [l h l h], pl. kotebusi [l h l l], def. kotebusisi [l h l h h], type of gun
kɔbɩga [l l l], hundred (Sa) {kook; kubook = 100 cowries}
kɔbɩŋ [l l], def. kɔbɩrɩ [l l h], pl. kɔba [l h], def. kɔbaha [l h h], bone (Ca, Sa) {kobi, pl. koba}
kɔbɩŋ (sg., rare) [l l], def. kɔbɩku, pl. kɔbɩtɩ, def. pl kɔbɩtɩ [l l h h], feather, body hair, fur (Sa); cf. zoosi, hair on the head {kobta}
kɔbɩ sile, koobsile [l l l l], (kɔbiga, ‘hundred’), def. kɔbɩ silewo [l l l l h], two hundred (Sa) {kobsiye}
kɔbɩ siniisa [l l l l l], def. kɔbɩ siniisawa [l l l l l h], four hundred (Sa)
Kɔgla, Kɔgila [l l l l], def. Kɔgilaka [l l l h], pl. Kɔgilasi [l l l l], def. pl. Kɔgilasisi [l l l h h], name of a spirit and its shrine (Sa, Ba)
kɔgɩlɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to become or be lean, slender, thin (Sa)
kɔgɩlɩŋ, (Sa:) kɔgɩlɩ [l l l], thin, lean, skinny (Sa)
kɔlɩ [l l], (Na: kolɩ), def. kɔllɩ, pl. kɔla (Ca, Ba), penis; kɔlɩ kpiiŋ [l l lh], ‘dead penis’, impotence (Ba); kɔli gobiŋ, (male) circumcision (Ba), cf. gobi, v.; kɔli zoosi, lit. ‘penis hair’, pubic hair of man
kɔlɩm (Ca), kɔlɩŋ (Sa) [l l], p.a. -ya, to migrate
Kɔma, Koma [l l], n., name of an ethnic group (usually spelled ‘Koma’)
Kɔmɩŋ [l l], adj. (sg. form for sg. and pl.), belonging to the Koma ethnic group
Kɔnnɩ [l l], Mamprussi form (also used by Koma) for the Kɔmɩŋ language
kɔŋ [lh], def. kɔkku, pl. kɔgiti, farmed area (now unused), cleared area (Ca); kɔgibiŋ, kɔgbiŋ, small cleared area (Ca)
Kɔŋ [lh], pl. Kɔnsi, Sisaala term for Koma people; sg. also for language
kɔŋkɔŋ, def. kɔŋkɔnka, pl. kɔŋkɔnsi, def. kɔnkɔnsisi, tin, can (Ca, Sa), kɔŋkɔm biŋ, small tincan (Ca) {kolongkong}
kɔɔlɩ [l l], thick, fat, corpulent (Sa)
kɔɔlɩŋ [l l], thickness (Sa)
kɔrɩgɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to slaughter (Sa)
kɔrɩŋ, pl. kɔrɩsɩ, metal spoon (Sa)
kɔsɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to cough (Sa) {kosi} kɔsɩ sɔblɩŋ, tuberculosis, black cough {kosuk, cough; sobluk, dark}
kɔtɩ, kotɩ [h l], (Ca: kwati), p.a. -wa/-ya, to lift (up)
Kronkronballɩ, K(u)runk(u)runballɩ, (sing. Kurunkurunbua, def. sing. Kurunkurunbuawa), def.pl. Kurunkurunballili, ‘old’; ballɩ, ‘children’), ancient people, people who formerly lived in the region of the present Koma; syn. kuruna vuosi
ku [h], it, its {ku, it, its}
kʋ [h], (to kill), see kʋʋu, Sa16 [l]
kʋ [l], (to be dry), see kʋʋ
kʋ-kɔlɩ [l l l], (hoe with spike hafting), see kʋʋŋ
kʋa (to weed), see kʋaŋ
kʋaŋ [h], def. kʋaku [h h], pl. kʋati, def. kʋatiti [h h h], farm, field, cultivated ground (Ca, Sa), kʋaku haaliŋ, spirit of the farm (Ba)
kʋaŋ [lh], def. kʋaka, pl. kʋasi or kʋati (Sa), def. kʋasisi, back, behind (Ca, Sa), exterior (Sa)
kʋaŋ [h] to farm (Ca), to weed (Sa)
kʋari [h l], p.a. -ya, to gather (Ca)
kʋbɩŋ, def. kʋbɩnni, pl. kʋbɩe, def. pl. kʋbɩehe, iron blade of a hoe (Da, Sa)
kuboru [l h l], def. kuboruku [l h l h], pl. kuboriti, def. kuborititi, water yam
kudiimi [l l l], def. kudiimike [l l l h], pl. kudiimisi [l l l l], def. kudiimisisi [l l l h h], cap (Sa)
kugiŋ [h h], def. kuguri, kugiri, pl. kuge, def. kugehe (Ca, Sa), cooking place, stove consisting of three stones Sa16: l h
kuguŋ [h h], def. kuguku, pl. kuguti (Ca), ghost, cf. syn. kogiŋ, jasunsuŋ and janliari {kok}
kugute (pl.), def. kugutehe, shoes (Sa)
kʋjaagɩŋ (Ca), kʋjagɩ [l l h], def. kʋjaagɩrɩ, pl. kʋjaaga, def. kʋjaagaha, sore, wound (Ca, Sa)
kʋkɩŋ [l l], dry, dried (Ca), cf. kʋʋ, v. and kʋʋya, v.
kʋkɔlɩntu [h h l h], mover, migrator, cf. kɔlɩm, v.
kʋkwabɩng (Ca), kʋkɔbɩŋ [l l l], def. kʋkɔbɩku [l l l h], pl. kʋkɔbɩtɩ, def. kʋkɔbɩtɩtɩ, (Sa), feather {kungkok}
kuli [(Na: koli), def. kulli, pl. kule, tortoise (Ca)
kuli [l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to go home (Ca, Ba) {kuli}
kulii [l l], ululation, a shrill sound of the tongue uttered by women (Ba) {wuliing}
kulikuli [h l h l], (turkey), see kolikoli
kum (to weep), see
kum [h], (death), see kuŋ
kum bɩaŋ [l l h], kuŋ-bɩɛŋ (Ba), bad death, see kuŋ
kumbu tieŋ [l l lh], (lit.) owner of the funeral (most responsible person in all decisions)
kʋnchɩagɩŋ [l l h], def. kʋnchɩagɩrɩ [l l h h], pl. kʋnchɩaga [l l h l], def. pl. kʋnchɩagaha [l l h h], cornstalk (Ca), stalk (Ba, Sa)
kʋnchɩanansɩŋ [l l l h], lit. ‘sweet stalk’, sugar cane
kʋnkoga [l l h], def. kʋnkogɩka [l l h h], pl. kʋnkogisi [l l h l], def. pl. kʋnkogisisi [l l h h h], sp. fish, Barbus sp.? (Da)
kunkogiŋ [l h l], def. kunkogiri [l h l h], pl. kunkoge [l h l], def. kunkogehe [l h l h], hill, mountain {kuŋkuŋ, embankment}
kunna, many (?)
kʋŋ, (Ca) handle, leekuŋ [h l], handle of a hoe (Sa)
kuŋ [hl], to weep
kuŋ, kum [lh], def. kumbu, pl. kunti, def. kuntiti, death, funeral (Ca), dead person, corpse; kuŋ hagiriŋ, lit. ‘strong death’, sudden and tragic death (Ba) {kum, ‘death’; kuub, ‘funeral’}
kuŋ bɩaŋ [lh lh], kum bɩaŋ, kuŋ bɩɛŋ, bad death (Ba), cf. kuŋ, n. {kum biok}
kuŋ sʋnsʋŋ [l l l], kum sʋnsʋŋ, lit. ‘wet (or fresh) death’, funeral rites performed immediately after a person’s death; burial rites (Ba)
kuŋ tigiŋ, kum tigiŋ [l l h], funeral house
kuŋ [h], def. kukka [h h], pl. kugusi (Ca), kugisi (Sa), Mahogany tree, Khaya senegalensis (Da, Sa) {kok}
kuŋ [h], kum (Na), p.a. -ya, to cry, to weep; to ferment (Sa, Na, Ba)
kʋŋ kuŋ [h h], to mourn (death), to perform a funeral {kum kuumu}
kuŋ wʋnsika [h l l h], (wʋnsi, to perform), funeral celebration, performance of a funeral {kum kuuna}
kʋŋjʋŋʋ [l l l], basket for transporting chickens with a semicircular crossection (Da, Sa)
kʋŋtʋŋkʋŋ, Grey Woodpecker, Mesopicos goertae (Da), cf. daachiarukɔkɔ
kuoli gaarɩŋ [ ] def. kuolɩgaarɩka, pl. kuolɩgaarɩtɩ, def. kuolɩgaarɩtɩtɩ, calabash ladle (Da, Sa)
kuoli gagɩrɩŋ, def. kuoli gagɩrɩku, pl. kuoli gagɩrɩsɩ, def. pl. kuoli gagɩraha, kuoli gagɩrɩtɩtɩ, bottle-calabash, cf. Fig. 27:7-8
kuoliŋ, kooliŋ [lh l], def. kuoluku, pl. kuoliti (Sa: koolti), calabash, gourd, gourd-container (Ca); (a)sari kuoliŋ, gourd-container for powdered tobacco (Ca, Ba), cf. Fig. 27:9
kuri [l l], p.a. -ye, to pound, e.g. in mortar (Ca, Ba, Sa), to forge (blacksmith), cf. kusi {kuri}
kurige [h l h], def. kurigeke [h l h h], pl. kurisi [h l l], def. kurigisisi [h l l h h], traditional trousers {kurik}
kʋrɩŋ [l l], p.a. -ya, to grow old (kuu old), (Ca, Sa)
kʋrʋba (Ca), kʋriba (Sa) [h l l], def. kʋrʋbaka [h l l h], pl. kʋribisi, kʋrʋbasi, def. kʋribisisi, bowl, ceramic vessel, cookpot, pot, also used for enamel and plastic vessels {kuriba: vessel, not ceramic}
kʋrʋma vʋosi [l l l l h], ancient people, people of ancient times (Ba), cf. Kronkromballi and kʋʋŋ (pl. kʋʋra)
kuruŋ, kuriŋ [l l], v.n., pounding (e.g. in a mortar)
kusi [l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to pound (Ca), kusi ziŋe, lit. ‘to pound gravel’, to beat the floor, cf. syn. kuri {kuri, to pound}
kuti-baŋŋiŋ [h l l l], metal bangle, see baŋŋiŋ
kuti-gbieŋ [h l l], metal vessel, see gbieŋ
kutugu (sg. rare), pl. kuti, kuuti [l l], def. ku(u)titi, iron, metal; kuutu bagiŋ, iron bangle {kutuk}
kʋʋ, kʋ [l], p.a. -ya, to be dry, to dry up (Ca, Sa), cf. kʋya, kʋkiŋ {ko}
kʋʋ [l], to kill (Ca, Sa) {ko}
kʋʋŋ [lh], Sa 2016: [l], def. kʋʋri, pl. kʋa, kʋra, def. kʋaha, kʋraha (Ca, Sa), hoe, hoe-blade; Ajura kʋʋŋ or Atebu kʋʋŋ, type of hoe, named after the towns of Ajura and Atebubu, kʋ-kɔli (kɔli, penis), hoe with spike hafting, cf. nʋamiŋ (with socket hafting),{kurik, kui}
kʋʋŋ, pl. kʋra, old (Ca), cf. kʋrim, v.; ja-kuuŋ [h l], old thing
kʋʋrɩ (Ca), hʋʋrɩ (Sa) [l h], to snore, cf. hʋʋrɩŋ (Sa)
kuuti [l l], (iron, pl.; sg. rare), see kutugu
kuuti gbieŋ [l l lh], def. kuuti gbieke, pl., def. pl. kuuti gbiesisi cast metal cooking pot, usually made of aluminium (Da, Sa)
kuuti liiti [l l l l], (pl.), def. kuuti liititi [l l l h h] type of iron amulet for small babies (Da, Sa)
kʋya [l l], dry, adj. (Na), cf. kʋkɩŋ
kwa…, see also ko…
kwasi sɔblɩŋ [l l l l l], (tuberculosis), cf. kɔsi sɔblɩŋ
Kwata, Kwota [l l], (name of a spirit and its shrine), see Kota
kwo… see also ko…
kwolakwola [l l l l ], light blue (Ca), cf. kolakola
kwoŋwa, rock salt (Ca), cf. yasi
kwoŋwoŋ (Hausa), saltpetre (Ca), potash?, cf. jiŋ [l] and jintuaŋ {kaam}
kwooŋgbaaŋ, ant-lion (Ca)
kwu (Ba)… see ku…

 

Kp

kpa [l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to pick (Ca), to pluck (Sa)
kpa-chɩbɩŋ [h l l], kpaa-chɩbɩŋ, def. kpa-chɩbɩka [h l l h], pl. kpa-chɩbɩsɩ [h l l l], def. kpa-chɩbɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], broken piece of calabash, calabash sherd, cf. kpalɩ, calabash (Ba) {chin-chiak}
kpa-chʋaŋ [h lh],(<kpaaŋ, shea butter, chʋaŋ, ceramic vessel), pl. kpa-chiasi, big open ceramic vessel, big clay basin (e.g.) for preparing shea butter (Sa, Ba) {chari}
kpa-nyuusiŋ, def. kpa-nyuusiri, pl. kpa-nyuuse, def. kpa-nyuusehe, trough for chicken’s water (Da, Sa)
kpa-yɩalɩŋ [l l l], lit. ‘white calabash’; undyed, new calabash
kpaa, much, adj. (Na)
kpaagɩŋ [h l], def. kpaagɩrɩ [h l h], pl. kpaaga [h l], def. kpaagaha [h l h], fish sp. (Ca, Da. Sa), Labeo sp.? Synodontis sp.? Chrysichthys sp.? (Da) {paaring? Tilapia}
kpaajalɩŋ [h l l], def. kpaajallɩ [h l h], pl. kpaajala [h l l], def. pl. kpaajalaha [h l l h], skink (Ca), lizard with smooth skin {kasoluk, Eumeces fasciatus}
kpaakote [h l l], kpaakoote, def. kpaakoteke [h l l h],pl. kpaakotisi [h l l l], def. pl. kpaakotehe [h l l h], (Da, Sa), big costly type of smock (Hausa: riga, Buli: zag-viuŋ), see also kpaaŋ kɔbiŋ
kpaali [h l], to be fatty (Ca); cf. kpaang, n.
kpaalɩŋ [h l], Sa 2016 [l h], def. kpaalɩka [h l h], pl. kpaalɩsɩ [h l l], def. kpaalɩsɩsɩ [h l h h], blade of a knife, hoe or axe {kpaarung}
kpaam [h], (oil), see kpaaŋ
kpaamvaaŋ [h lh], (kpaam, ‘oil’, vaang, ‘leaf’), def. kpaamvaaku, pl. kpaamvaati, tree sp. (Ca)
kpaana [h l], def. kpaanika [h l h], pl. kpaansi [h l], dance sp.(Ca)
kpaaŋ [h], def. kpaaku [h h], pl. kpiine [h l], def. kpiinehe [h l h], guinea-fowl {kpong, pl. kpiina}
kpaaŋ [h], Sa 2016 [l], def. kpaabu [h h], pl. kpaati [h l], def. kpaatiti [h h h], fat, grease, oil, shea butter (Ca, Na, Sa), nɔŋ kpaaŋ, animal fat; kpa-yialiŋ, white fat, shea butter (Ba), cf. kpa-chiaŋ {kpaam}
kpaaŋ nyiŋbaniŋ shea butter (pomade) skin (Ba)
kpaaŋ [lh], def. kpaari, pl. kpara, def. kparaha, occiput, back of head (Ca), nape (Na) {kpai}
kpaaŋ [h], pl. kpaasi, (wooden) peg, e.g. in a wall (Ba)
kpaaŋkɔbɩŋ [h l l], (Sa), kpakɔbɩŋ, pl. kpaaŋkɔtɩsɩ, type of cloth with a specific pattern (like feather of guinea-fowl); cf. kpaakote
kpaaŋvaaŋ [h lh], medicine against chest pains
kpaarɩŋ [h l], farming {kpa, v.}
kpaarʋ [h l], def. kpaarʋwa [h l h], pl. kpaariŋ [h l], def. kpaariba [h l h], farmer (Ca, Sa) {kparoa}
kpachooŋ [h l], def. kpachooku [h l h], kpachooke, pl. kpachooti [h l l], kpachoosi, def. kpachootiti [h l h h], kpachoosisi (white) ant, termite, anthill; cf. kpechuong
kpagasʋŋkpaga, def. kpagasʋŋkpakka, pl. kpagasʋŋkpagisi, fish sp. (Ca)
kpagɩŋ [l h], def. kpagɩrɩ [l h h], pl. kpaga [l l], def. kpagaha [l h h], small vessel for drinking water (for one room), jar (Da, Sa), cf. also nyaaŋ gbieŋ, big vessel for drinking water (for the whole compound)
kpajɩŋ [l h], Sa 2016 [h l]def. kpajɩnnɩ, pl. kpajɩgɩsɩ, def. kpajɩgɩsɩsɩ, tick (Ca) {banjek}
kpajɩŋ [l h], Sa 2016 [h l], def. kpajɩkka, pl. kpajɩgɩsɩ, wart (Ca, Sa)
kpajʋsʋŋ [h l l], kpojʋsʋŋ, eagle (Ca)
kpaleeŋiŋ [h l l], kpalieŋiŋ (Ba), def. kpaleeŋiri [h l l h], pl. kpaleeŋe [h l l], def. kpaleeŋehe [h l l h], wide-meshed calabash net; stock of various sizes of calabashes strung together (Da)
kpalɩ [h l], def. kpallɩ [h h], pl. kpala [h l], def. kpalaha [h l h], closed or open calabash, calabash bowl, calabash plant (Sa, Da, Ba), kpa-yialiŋ, undied calabash
kpalɩchome [h l l l ], (pl.), def. kpalɩchomehe [h l l l h], kpalɩchonnɩ [h l l l h], knobbed calabash bowl (Da), cf. gbiechome
kpalɩg(ɩ)nantɩa [h l (l) l l], def. kpalɩgɩnantɩaka, pl. kpalɩgɩnantɩasɩ, cattle egret; cf. syn. kpalɩmantɩya (Ca)
kpalɩgɩŋ [h l l], def. kpalɩgɩrɩ [h l l h], pl. kpalɩga, Sa: kpalɩgɩsɩ [h l l l], def. kpaligaha, hawk (Ca) {kpalung} cf. kpɩɩlɩng
kpalɩhʋʋŋ [h l l], def. kpalɩhʋʋsɩrɩ, pl. kpalɩhʋʋsɩ [h l l l], (hʋʋŋ, ceramic colander), perforated calabash bowl, used as a sieve (Da)
kpalɩmantɩya [h l l l], def. kpalɩmantɩaka [h l l l h], pl. kpalɩmantɩasɩ [h l l l l], def. kpalɩmantɩasɩsɩ [h l l l h h], cattle egret (Ca, Kp); cf. syn. kpalɩgɩnantɩa
kpalɩŋ [h h], def. kpalɩka [h h h], pl. kpalɩsɩ [h h l], def. pl. kpalɩsɩsɩ [h h h h], tree sp. (Ca)
kpalɩŋbʋʋtɩ [h l l l], brain(s) (Sa)
kpambua [h l l], (sing. rare), def. kpambuawa, pl. kpamballɩ, def. pl. kpamballili, elders (e.g. of a chief, of a lineage etc.)
kpamɩsɩ [h l l], kpamsɩ, to be folding (Ca), to fold sth. (Sa), kpamsɩ kalɩŋka, to fold the mat
kpanjabɩŋ [h l l], def. kpanjabɩrɩ [h l l h], pl. kpanjaba [h l l], def. kpanjabaha [h l l h], butterfly {kparibalong}
kpaŋ, pl. kpana, unmarried; daa kpaŋ [h h l], unmarried man; hɔgu kpaŋ, unmarried woman
kpaŋŋɩ [h l], kpaŋɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to push (Ca, Na); kpi-kaŋɩtu, pusher (Ca)
kpaŋvoli, def. kpangvolike, pl. kpangvolisi, entrance through wall (Ca, Sa)
kparaaŋ [h hl], def. kparaaka, pl. kparaasi, def. kparaasisi, cock; kpara-yialiŋ, white cock {kpa-diak}
kparaatʋŋ (kpiang, ‘chicken’, -raang, ‘male’), def. kparatʋnni, pl. kparaatʋo, def. kparaatʋohe (Ca), rough-feathered cock
Kparɩbaga, Kparɩbɔga [h l l l ], title of a chiefly office-holder; the Kparibaga sits in front of the chief; some Koma regard the Kparibaga as the highest rank among the office-holders
kparɩŋ [h l], def. kparɩka [h l h], pl. kparɩsɩ [h l l], def. kparɩsɩsɩ [h l h h], open basket (Sa, Da)
kparɩwɔbʋ [h l l l], def. kparɩwɔbʋkʋ [h l l l h], pl. kparɩwɔbʋtɩ [h l l l l], def. kparɩwɔbʋtɩtɩ [h l l l h h], Calabar Ground Python, Calabaria reinhardtii, not poisonous (Da, Sa)
kpasaa, to nail (Ca) {kpi}
kpatɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya (Ca, Sa) , to end, to finish {kpegli}
kpawaaga [h l l], brown beans
kpebiti [l l l], (no other forms), black residue of shea butter production; used for greasing wooden and leather objects for a better conservation
kpechuoŋ [l lh], def. kpechuoku, pl. kpechuoti, def. kpechuotiti, termite hill (Ca) {kpatuok}, cf. kpachooŋ
kpeem [h], (to be big), see kpiiŋ
kpeeŋ [h], (chicken, Ca), see kpiaŋ
kpegiliŋ [h l l], kpegling, def. kpeg(i)like [h l l h], pl. kpeg(i)lisi [h l l l], def. kpeg(i)lisisi [h l l h h], Balanites aegyptiaca, thorntree sp.
kpegire [h l l], to snap (Ca)
kpegiri [h l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to break (Sa) – U naŋ kpegiri kpegiri. S/he will break several times (Ca).
kpejusiŋ [h l h], def. kpejusuku [h l h h], pl. kpejusiti [h l h l], (Ca), black kite
kpesi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to observe (Ca, Sa)
kpɛligiŋ, def. kpɛligiri, pl. kpɛligisi, magpie (Ca)
kpi [h], (Na, Ba, Sa), kpie (Ca, Ba), p.a. -ye, to die {kpi}
kpi-haŋ [l l], def. kpi-haku [l l h], pl. kpi-hagiti, def. kpi-hagititi, hollow shea-nut shell, cf. kping, shea nut
kpɩa-gɩlɩ [h l l], fowl’s egg; cf. gɩlɩ, egg
kpɩia-nʋaŋ [h hl], def. kpɩa-nʋarɩ, pl. kpia-nʋa, lit. ‘mouth of farmwork’, yield of a farm, farm product, harvest (Sa)
kpɩabɩŋ [h l], pl. kpɩabɩsɩ, chick(en) (Sa, Kp)
kpɩachɩgɩŋ [h l l], def. kpɩachɩgɩrɩ [h l l h], pl. kpɩachɩgɩsɩ [h l l l], def. kpɩachɩgɩsɩsɩ [h l l h h], (Sa), square chicken coop made of unsplit millet stalks
kpɩama [h l], malt {kpaama}
kpɩaŋ [hl], (Ca), kpeaŋ, kpeeŋ, kpɩɛŋ [h], def. kpɩaka, pl. kpɩasɩ or kpɩɛsɩ (Ca), def. kpɩasɩsɩ (Ca, Sa, Ba), fowl, hen, chicken; kpɩa-yialɩŋ, white fowl, kpɩabɩŋ, chick (Ba, Sa) {kpiak}
kpɩaŋ [lh], farmwork, farm activities, weeding; kpɩa-nyagla, bad weeding (Ba), cf. kpɩa-nuaŋ
kpɩarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to scratch (soil) with a hoe (Sa)
kpibi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to sleep bellywise (Ba, Sa)
kpibiŋ [l h], Sa 2016: [h l], def. kpibinni, pl. kpibie, def. kpibiehe, louse (Ca, Sa) {chikpebi}
kpie [h], (to die), see kpi
kpɩeŋ, kpɩɛŋ [hl], (fowl), see kpɩaŋ
kpihɔgiti [h l l l], widowhood, widowhood rites – Ba ligi wo kpihɔgiti (lit.: ‘they are confining her widowhood’). They are performing the widowhood rites on her (Sa).
kpɩhɔgʋ [h l l], def. kpɩhɔgʋwa, pl. kpɩhʋaŋ, widow (Sa, Ba) {kpi, to die}
kpiile tigiŋ [h l l h], lit. ‘compound of the ancestors’, land of the dead, realm of the ancestors (under the earth) {kpilung}
kpɩɩlɩŋ [l h], Sa 2016: [l l], def. kpɩɩlɩku, pl. kpɩɩlɩsɩ, kpɩɩla (Na), def. kpɩɩlɩsɩsɩ (Ca, Sa), thigh
kpɩɩlɩŋ [l h], Sa 2016: [h l], def. kpɩɩluku, pl. kpɩɩlɩtɩ, def. kpɩɩlɩtɩtɩ (Ca), hawk, cf. kpalɩgɩŋ {kpalung}
kpiiliŋ [l h], Sa 2016: [h l], def. kpiilike, pl. kpiile, def. kpiilihe (Ca, Ba), ancestor, ancestral spirit; kpiiliŋ is also used in pl. sense {kpilima}
kpiine [l l], (guinea fowls), see kpaaŋ
kpiiŋ [lh], kpiye, dead, adj. – U yaa kɔli kpiiŋ. He has a dead penis. He is impotent. {kpiuk}
kpɩɩŋ [h], pl. kpɩɩma, big, fat (Ca); na-kpɩɩŋ, king; chua-kpɩɩŋ, big ceramic vessel {kpieng}
kpɩɩŋ [h], (Sa), kpeem (Na), to be big, hard, great {kpieng, adj.}
kpɩkpaŋɩtʋ [h h l l], pusher (Ca)
kpiligiŋ [h l h], Woodchat (bird), Lanius senator (Da)
kpiŋ [h], def. kpinni [h h], pl. kpie [l], (Ca), kpiisi (Na), 1. whole shea nut; 2. (Sa) ground shea-nut paste
kpɩŋkpaŋ [lh h], def. kpɩŋkpaŋka, pl. kpɩŋkpaŋsɩ, sp. fish, Polypterus? (Da)
kpɩŋkparɩŋ [h h l], Borassus Palm, Palmyra Palm, Borassus flabellifer (Da), {kpingkparuk}
kpɩŋkpaworɩjaagʋ [h h l l l l], (snail), see kpʋnkpawʋlɩjaagʋ
kpisi [h l], extinguished (Sa) {kpimsi, v.}
kpitimiŋ [h l l], def. kpitiŋke [h l l h], pl. kpitinsi [h l l], owl (Ca)
kpiye [l l], dead (Sa)
kpogɩ [l l], (to weave), see kpugɩ
kpogiri [h l l], (to break), see kpegiri
kpojʋsʋŋ, kpajʋsʋŋ [h l l], eagle (Ca), see kpajʋsʋŋ,
kpɔgʋ [l l], pl. kpɔgiti, traditional sling for throwing stones, rare today (Da, Sa)
kpʋgɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to weave (e.g. grass-mats), to string together (Ca, Sa)
kpunkpar-n, pl. kpunkparsi, goblin, sprite (Na)
kpʋnkpawʋlɩjaagʋ (Sa: kpɩŋkpaworɩjaagʋ) [h h l l l l], def. kpʋnkpawʋlɩjaagukʋ [h h l l l h], pl. kpʋnkpawʋlɩjaagʋti, snail (Ca)
kpuori [h l], p.a. -wo /-ye (Sa), to cut open, cf. puori (Ca); kpuori wie to make (cut) scarifications

 

L

laa [l], la, p.a. -wa/-ya (Ca, Sa), to laugh, to smile {la}
laabarɩ [h l l], (lw. Hausa), news (Sa) {labaari, lw.}
laalɩ, lalɩ [l l], to play (Ca, Ba, Sa), to joke, cf. sutɩ susuta {cf. le, to insult}
laaliŋ [l h], def. laaluku [l h h], pl. laaliti [l h l], def. laalititi [l h h h], cockroach (Ca)
laalɩŋ [h h], 2016: [l l],def. laalɩbu, pl. laalɩtɩ, playing (Ca), joking, joking relationship, insulting
laaŋa [l l], calabash net, cf. syn. kpaleeŋiŋ
lagi [h l], early (Sa, Da), cf. lagilagi
lagɩ [l l], to mark, e.g. a child (Ba), Da: magɩlɩ
lagɩlagɩ [l l l l], quickly, in haste – N yaala lagɩlagɩ. I am in haste (Sa, Da). – Da yaalɩma lagɩlagɩ. Do not want (things to be done) quickly.
lagɩmɩŋ [l l l], def. lagɩŋku [l l h], (no pl.), meeting, assembly, cf. lagɩŋ, v.
lagɩŋ [l l], lagɩsɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to mix, to gather, to intertwine (Sa, Da), cf. lagɩmɩŋ and langsɩ
lagɩŋ beri [l l l l], lit. ‘to mix and live’, to live together (in the same room), to cohabit (Sa)
lalɩ (to play), see laalɩ
lalɩa [l l], how? (Ca)
lamɩŋ [l l], taste, n. (Ca, Sa), cf. laŋ, v.
lanfɩa [l l], (Ar. Hausa), health, good health (Ba, Da), cf. alaafɩa
lansɩ [l l], to lick (Ca, Sa)
lantaŋ [l l], def. lantanka, pl. lantansi, def. lantansisi, longest and most powerful type of gun (Ba, Da, Sa)
laŋ [l], to taste – Laŋ jɩtɩtɩ a ye. Taste the soup (Sa, Da). cf. lansɩ {lam}
laŋkoosiŋ [l h l], def. laŋkoosiri, pl. laŋkoose, def. laŋkoosehe, gullet of fowl (Ca)
laŋsɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to assemble, to collect {lagsi} cf. lagɩng, lagɩmɩng
-le, -li, ale [l l], two (Ca); Da: ala {-ye}
leekuŋ [l l], liekuŋ, lekuli, def. leekunni, pl. leekuo, handle, e.g. of axe or hoe (Ca, Sa, Da); cf. syn.(?) kpaaliŋ, cf. Fig. 26:25
leeliŋ [l l], def. leeluku [l l h], pl. leeliti [l l l], leelti, turtle (Ca, Sa), (water-) tortoise (Na), cf. kuli
leemu [l l], (lw.), orange (Ca, Sa, Da) {liemu}
leeŋ (axe, Ca), see liaŋ [hl]
leeti [h l], liiti (pl., beads, pearls), see lieŋ
lelegie [h h h], just now (Ca, Da) {alege?}
leŋleŋ [l l l l], quickly (Kp) {cf. dalingi, to linger} cf. lagilagi
lɩa [h], (Ba: lɩɛ, lɩɛa), def. lɩawa, pl. lɩaŋ (Ca), lɩatɩ (Sa), daughter {lie}
lɩa haalʋ [h h l], lit. ‘new daughter’, daughter-in-law (Sa, Da, Ba)
lɩa nyɩŋkʋra [h h l l] an elder daughter of the lineage (Ba)
lɩabɩŋ [l h], pl. lɩabɩe, lit. ‘small axe’, blade of an axe (Da, Sa)
lɩaŋ (Ca, Sa), lɩɛŋ (Ba), lɩeeŋ (Da) [h], def. lɩaka, pl. lɩasi, def. lɩasɩsɩ, axe {liak}
-liaŋ [lh] -riaŋ, niaŋ, also; kul-liaŋ, tortoise also (Ca)
lɩatɩ saaŋ, young women’s name (Ba), cf. nahaata saaŋ
lɩati wie [h l lh], beautification marks for women (Da) {wie, ornamental marks}
lɩbarɩka, (lw. Hausa) blessing (Ca), cf. alɩbarɩka [h l l l h]
libie [l l], pearl, cf. nyieliŋ (chain of pearls) and lieŋ {soruk-biri, pl. soruk-bie}
lɩeeŋ, lɩɛŋ (axe), see lɩaŋ
liekuŋ [h l],(handle), see leekung
lieŋ, liiŋ or leeŋ [ ], (sing. rare), def. liiku, pl. liiti [l l],or leeti, def. liititi [l h h], leetiti, (glass) bead, pearl (Sa); cf. libie, koofi and nyieliŋ
lɩɛa [h], (daughter), see lɩa
ligi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, 1. to shut, close, enclose, confine (Na, Da) – Ba ligi voriku. They close the grave, 2. to protect, cover; lig u gbaŋ, to cover oneself (Sa, Da), 3. (idiom.) ligi kpihɔgu, to perform widowhood rites {ligi}
ligiŋ [l l], v.n. def. ligku, no pl., Sa: ‘act of covering’; confinement; kpihɔgiti ligiŋ, widowhood confinement; vɔriŋ ligiŋ, hoe with a broad blade for closing a grave, cf. ligi, v.
ligire [h l h], lig(i)ri, lig(i)riŋ, def. lig(i)ribu, pl. lig(i)re, def. lig(i)rehe, money
ligire tieŋ [h l h lh], def. ligiri tieŋwo, pl. ligiri tieliŋ, def. ligiri tielibe, lit. ‘owner of money’, rich man (Sa)
ligire yɩalɩŋ [h l l l l], def. ligire yɩalɩka, pl. ligire yɩala, lig-yɩala, def. ligire yɩalaha 1. lit. ‘white money’, cowrie, money (Da, Ba, Sa) 2. silver {lig piela}
ligiriŋ [h l l], def. ligirike [h l l h], pl. ligirisi [h l l l], def. ligirisisi [h l l h h], ligirihe, Sand Boa, Eryx muelleri, not poisonous (Da)
ligisiŋ [l l l], def. ligisiku [l l l h], pl. ligise [l l l], def. ligisehe [l l l h], shadow (Sa)
liikuŋ, liekuŋ (handle of axe), see leekuŋ [l l]
liiri [l l], to remove (Ca) {liiri}
liiti [l l], leeti (pearls), cf. lieŋ
lɩmɩŋ [l l], darkness (Da) {lengi, v.}
logiti [l l l], (pl.), burial dress, burial attire (Ba, Sa)
lokoli [l h l], set standard, precedent (Ba, Da) {lakori}
loŋɩ daarɩŋ [l l h l], def. loŋɩ daarɩka, pl. loŋɩ daarɩsɩ, def. loŋɩ daarɩsɩsɩ, stick of an armpit-drum (Sa)
loŋɩŋ [l l], loŋuŋ, luŋuŋ, pl. loŋ(ɩ)sɩ, armpit-drum, hourglass drum; cf. gurumansa
loŋwɩɩŋ, Crested Crane, Balearica pavonia (Da)
lɔbɩrɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to hide, to conceal (Sa, Da); lɔbɩrɩ u gbaŋ, to hide oneself {labri}
lɔbɩrɩŋ [l l lh], hiding (Ca)
lɔlɩŋ, def. lɔluku, pl. lɔlɩtɩ, def. pl. lɔlɩtɩtɩ, throat, gullet, voice, larynx (Ca, Sa, Da) {loeluk}
lɔlɩwɩɩŋ, lɔluwɩɩŋ [l l l], (wɩɩng, ‘flute’), def. lɔlɩwɩɩku, pl. lɔlɩwɩɩtɩ, def. lɔlɩwɩɩtɩtɩ (Ca, Sa), throat, larynx (Sa, Da)
lɔra [l l], ugly (Sa, Da) {buloruk}
lʋa [lh], p.a. -ya, to become sexually mature (Ba)
lʋaŋ [lh], def. lʋaka, pl. lʋasi, def. lʋasisi, culvert (Ca), lake, pond (Sa)
luge [l l], p.a. -ye, to discriminate (Ba, Da) {lugi}
lugimiŋ [l l l], African Civet, Viverra civetta (Da)
lʋgɩŋ [l l], def. lʋgɩri, lʋgɩŋkʋ, pl. lʋga, def. lʋgaha, side (Ca, Sa), cf. luge
lugiŋ [l l], discriminatory (Ba, Da)
luli [h l], def. lulli, pl. lule, mallet, wooden hammer (Sa)
luuli, to break up (Ca)

 

M

ma, me [l], postpos. at, by, on, in, into; juoku me, in the room; gbaaku ma, in the courtyard; nagi a yi bulimu ma, to put in the fire (Ca, Sa, Ba)
ma, me [l], (pron.), cf. miŋ
ma [l], inside, in, into, to, over (Sa, Da) – Ta yaa alaafia a keŋ tigiri mana ma. Bring health to the whole compound. Cf. sunsuŋ
-ma [l], suffix of imperative, with some verbs (Ca) – Gama! Go!
maa [l], (cake), see maasiŋ
maafa [l l], def. maafaka [l l h], pl. maafasi [l l l], (Ba: maafaasi), def. maafasisi [l l h h], musket, gun, rifle; a taa maafa, to fire a gun (Sa, Da, Ba)
maafabiŋ [l l l], def. maafabinni [l l l h], pl. maafabie [l l l], def. maafabiehe [l l l h], lit. ‘rifle seed’, bullet (Ca, Sa)
maafatɩɩŋ [l l lh], def. maafatɩɩbu, pl. maafatɩɩtɩ, def. maafatɩɩtɩtɩ, lit. ‘rifle medicine’, gundpowder (Sa)
maafayɩɩŋ [l l l], muffle loader
maagɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to draw, to write (Sa, Da, Ca), cf. magɩlɩ {ngmarisi}
maansɩ [l l] yii, p.a. -wo/-ye, to do sth. secretly or stealthily (Da, Ba)
maarɩŋ [h l], 1. birth (Sa, Ba, Da), delivery, act of giving birth (cf. mɩɩrɩ, v.) – U maarɩŋ wɩa tua pam. Her delivery was very difficult. 2. relations, relatives – U wo maarɩŋ. He has no relatives.
maasa jalirikiŋ [h l l l l l], def. maasa jalirikiri, pl. maasa nyinlirike, def. maasa nyinlirikehe, lit. ‘thing for lifting up millet cakes’, skimmer, perforated ladle (Da, Sa)
maasa tɩmbalɩ [h l l l l], pl. maasa tɩmbala, earthenware pan for frying maasa-millet-cakes maasɩŋ [l h], def. maasɩrɩ (sg. rare), pl. maasa, def. maasaha, millet cake (Sa, Ca) {maasa}
Ma(n)gazɩa [l h l], (female) leader of the married women of a clan
magɩlɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to mark, e.g. to apply marks on a child (Sa, Da), cf. lagɩ and maagɩ, v.
magɩlɩŋ [l l l], def. magɩlɩka [l l l h], pl. magɩla [l l l], def. magɩlaha [l l l h], (bodily) mark, abnormality, e.g. at birth (Ba)
mambensi [l l l], ritual performed to cleanse the adulterous woman, see membeŋisi
mampili [l l l], def. mampilike [l l l h], pl. mampile [l l l], def. mampilehe [l l l h], thatched roof (Da, Sa) {mipili}
man, maŋ, I; man sikpoŋ (sikpeŋ), above me (Na), cf. manɩŋ, manɩa {mi, ma}
mana [l l], all (Ca, Na, Sa), jamana, everything {miena}
mancheri [l l l], def. mancheriku, mancheriwo [l l l h], pl. mancherisi [l l l l], def. mancherisisi [l l l h h], blacksmith (Sa, Ba)
manchiŋ, def. manchike, pl. manchisi, grass blade (Ca)
manɩa [l l], I (Sa), cf. man, manɩŋ
manɩka [l l h], def. manɩkaka [l l h h], pl. manɩkɩsɩ [l l h l], def. manɩkɩsɩsɩ [l l h h h], modern grinding mill with diesel engine (Sa) {nika-nika}
manɩŋ [l l], I (emph., Ca, Da), cf. man, manɩa
Mankʋa [l lh], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
masi [l l], (no pl.), nose, see misi
me [h], (postpos.), see ma
melɩgɩŋ [l l l], (dew), see mɩlɩgɩŋ
membeŋisi [l l pl. (rare) membeŋsisi, adultery cleansing ritual (Da, Ba), performed e.g. after marrying the wife of another husband (Ba)
memie, mimmie (rice), see mimmiŋ
mɩ [h], (to build), see mɩɩ
mi, mii [h], there (Sa, Da)
mɩhɔgʋ [l h l], elder brother’s wife (Sa)
mɩɩ [hl], 2016 [h], def. mɩɩwa [h h], pl. mɩɩlɩŋ [h l], def. mɩɩlɩba [h l h], (Ca, Sa), elder sibling (always of the same generation and older than ego, e.g. Br, Si, FaBrSo, FaBrDa, FaSiSo, FaSiDa, MoBrSo, MoBrDa, MoSiSo, MoSiDa) – N mɩɩ wonde. This is my elder brother. Cf. nuŋbua, younger sibling
mɩɩ [l], p.a. -ya /-wa; to mould, to build, to construct (Ca, Sa, Da) {me}
mɩɩ [l], p.a. -ya, to wrestle (Sa)
mɩɩjakʋʋŋ [l l l], elder/eldest sibling (Ca, Ba)
miiŋ [lh], def. miiku, pl. miisi, (biting) ant (Ca) {miedi?}
mɩɩŋ [lh] pl. mɩɩsi, bow-string; mɩɩ-daaŋ, pl. mɩɩ-daati, bow-string made of a strip of bamboo {miik, string}
mɩɩri [h l], (Da, Ba; Sa: mɩri), to bear, beget, give birth, bring-forth, deliver, be born (Ba, Na, Da) – Daawa ka mɩɩra. The man is infertile (lit. ‘the man does not give or cause birth’). cf. maarɩŋ, v.n.
mɩɩrɩ taaŋ [h l l], or mɩɩrɩ taaniŋ, lit. ‘to deliver and throw away’, to abort, to have a stillbirth or miscarriage – U mɩɩrɩ a taaŋ mɩŋ. She had a miscarriage.
mɩɩsɩ [l l], wrestling, cf. mɩɩ, v.
mili [l l], (Sa), miliŋ (Da), p.a.-wo/-ye, to carry a child (on one’s back)
mɩlɩgɩŋ, melɩgɩŋ, dew {maglim}
mɩlɩkɩ [l l l], mɩlɩk, milk (lw. Engl.), Kɔnni: na-bɩɩsɩŋ (Da, Ca) {naa-biisim}
mɩmaaŋ [l lh], def. mɩmaaku, pl. mɩmaatɩ, def. mɩmaatɩtɩ, fish sp. (Ca), lungfish
mɩmaasɩ-daasɩrʋ [l l l lh l l], def. mimaasɩ-daasɩrʋwa, pl. mimaasɩ-daasɩrɩŋ, def. mɩmaasɩ-daasɩrɩba, spy (Sa)
mɩmɩrʋ [l l l], builder (Ca), cf. mɩɩ, v.
mimmiŋ [l lh], mimmie, def. mimminni, pl. mimmie (Ca: memie), def. mimmiehe (often used in pl.), rice (Sa, Da) {muma}
minchibiŋ [l l l], def. minchibike [l l l h], pl. minchibisi [l l l l], def. minchibisisi [l l l h h], a single piece of grass, straw
minchiiŋ [l l], def. minchiike [l l h], pl. minchiise [l l l l], def. minchiisisi [l l h h], straw (longer than straws for roofing), minchii yiala, white straws (Da, Sa)
mɩnɩa [l l], mɩna, mɩnɩ, mɩnna, who?
mɩŋ [l], me (Ca) – Nagɩ a yɩ mɩŋ. Give it to me. Cf. ma
mɩŋ [l], particle of emphasis (Ca, Sa, Da) – Di chuarɩ mɩŋ. It is forbidden (Ba).
mɩŋ [l], to take (Ba, Da) – M biisi ya mɩŋ. I found and took it.
mɩŋŋɩ kala [l l h l], lit. ‘sit well’, p.a. -wa/-ya, come again, try again (Sa), OK (Da); mɩŋŋɩ dua, to lie well {kali magsi}
mɩraaŋ [l lh], lit. ‘male nose’, front of nose (Ca)
mɩrɩ [l l], mɩrɩma (to give birth), see mɩɩirɩ
misi [l l], (no other forms), nose, life (Ca, Sa, Da); taa misi, lit. ‘shoot nose’, to sneeze
mɔgi kpɩɩŋ [l l lh], (sea), cf. muguŋ
mɔgɩŋ [l l], (river), see muguŋ
mɔgɩsɩ [l l l], p.a. -ya, to measure, to examine, to be OK (Ca, Sa, Da) {magsi}
mɔgɩsɩŋ [l l h], no pl., measuring; e.g. marking the plan of a house on the ground before starting to build
mɔlɩ [l h], cheap (Sa, Da) {moali}
mɔlɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to get accustomed (Sa)
muŋ, mɔŋ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to deny (Sa, Da)
mɔrɩ [l l], to swell, see mudɩ,
mɔrɩkɩŋ, def. mɔrɩkɩrɩ, pl. mɔrɩka, def. mɔrɩkaha, swollen (Ca), ja-mɔrɩkɩŋ [h l l h], swollen thing
Mʋagɩŋ [l h], or Mʋagɩsɩ dembiŋ (Da), pl. Muagisi, Mossi-man {Moak}
Mʋagtɩŋ [l l], Mossiland (Ba)
mʋdɩ [l l],(Ca), see mɔri, p.a. -ya, to swell (Na, Sa, Da) {moari}
mʋgi to suck (Ca: object wholly within mouth), cf. mugisi {mogi, mogsi}
mugilimugiliŋ [l l l l l l], tree sp. (Ca), cf. mumugiliŋ
mʋgiŋkolikoli [l l h l h l], (mʋgiŋ, river), pl. mʋgiŋkolikolisi, Spectacled Weaver (Hyphanturgus brachypterus) and Yellow-mantled Whydah (Coliuspasser macrourus), (Da, Sa)
mʋgɩŋkparaŋ [l l h lh], def. mʋgɩŋkparaka, pl. mʋgɩŋkparasi, def. mʋgɩŋkparasɩsɩ, lit. ‘river cock’, Scarlet-breasted Shrike or Gonolek, Laniarius barbarus (Da, Sa)
mʋgɩŋkpara-ŋmɩnɩŋ [l lh h l l l] def. mʋgɩŋkpara-ŋmɩnka [l lh h l l h], pl. mʋgɩŋkpara-ŋmɩna [l lh h l l l] , mʋgɩŋkpara-ŋmɩnaha [l lh h l l l h] , lit. ‘red river cock’, Black-crowned Tchagra or Bush Shrike, Tchagra senegala (Da, Sa)
mʋgɩŋkpara-sɔbɩlɩŋ [l lh h l l l l], def. mʋgɩŋkpara-sɔbɩlɩka [l lh h l l l l h] pl. mʋgɩŋkpara-sɔbɩla [l lh h l l l l], def. mʋgɩŋkpara-sɔbɩlaha [[l lh h l l l l h] lit. ‘black river-cock’, Tooth-billed Barbet, Pogonornis bidentatus (Da)
mʋgɩsɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to suck (Ca: object partly within mouth), cf. mʋgɩ {mogsi}
mʋgʋŋ, mʋgɩŋ, mɔgɩŋ [l l], def. mʋgɩrɩ [l l h], pl. mʋga [l l], def. mʋgaha [l l h], river (Ca, Sa), spirit of a river – Mʋgʋŋ chʋŋ lagɩlagɩ a keŋ. River-spirit come quickly! mʋgɩ-kpɩɩŋ, lit. ‘big river’, sea (Sa, Da) {mogi}
mule [h l], def. mulike [h l h], pl. mulisi [h l l], bird sp. (Ca), Senegal Fire Finch, Lagonosticta senegala ♂ ? (Da)
mump(i)li [l h l], (thatched roof, Na), see mampili
mumugiliŋ [l l l l], def. mumugilika [l l l h], pl. mumugilisi [l l l h l], tree sp. (Ca), Coral Flowers, Erythrina senegalensis (Da) {mumulik}
mʋmʋʋlɩtʋ [l l l l], (Ca), announcer, cf. mʋʋlɩ, v.
mʋŋ [lh], mo, to give not, to refuse (Na), to deny, cf. zeti
mʋsɩŋ [l lh], a specific medicine (Da) {musiri}
musʋŋ [l l], welcome (Ca), Da: aŋsaa
mʋʋlɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to announce (Ca, Sa), to expose (Sa) {mooli}
muuri [l l], moori, p.a. -ye, to decrease (Sa, Da)
mʋʋtaŋ [l lh], (Sa), mɔtaŋ, to equalize, to be equal to

 

N

n (short form) I, my; see also ma, man, maning, obj.: mu, mo, mim {n, mi; obj. mu}
n gbaŋ [l h], I myself {midek}
n [ ], outside (Na), Da: yeŋ
na, ne [l], particle, imperfective aspect (Ca)
na-bɩɩsɩŋ [l h l], lit. ‘cow-milk’, milk {na-biisim}
naa, def. naawa, pl. niiliŋ, def. niilibe, mother (Ca: 1st person sg. + pl. and 2nd pers. sg., otherwise nuŋ) {ma}
naabanyʋrɩŋ [l l l h],(no other forms), sweet potato(es) (Sa) {naabanyuiri}
naabɩaŋ [l lh], def. naabiaku, pl. naabɩatɩ, def. naabɩatɩtɩ, lit. ‘bad leg’, bad luck (Da) {nambiak}
Naabidie Ŋmɩŋ [h l l lh], God in Heaven, the Supreme Supernatural Being, the Almighty, God (Ba, Da) {naawen}
naabiŋ [l lh], def. naabike, pl. naabisi, def. naabisisi, lit. ‘small leg’, toe, cf. naakpaaŋ, big toe
naachigiŋ [l h h], (Sa), nachiŋiŋ (Ca), def. nachigiri, pl. naachige, def. naachigehe, lion, cf. gbegimiŋ
naachɩgɩsɩŋ [l l l h], def. naachɩgɩsɩrɩ, pl. naachɩgɩsa, ankle (Ca)
naachɩɩmɩŋ, nachɩɩmɩŋ [l h l], pl. na(a)chɩɩma, iron frame rattle consisting of small iron rings fastened to an iron frame (Da, Sa)
naaga, to dispose of
naagɩŋ [l h], anvil (of blacksmith)
naagɩŋ [h h], def. naagɩbu [h h h], pl. nɩɩge [h l], def. nɩɩgehe [h l h], cow (Ca, Na, Ba, Sa,), naagɩŋ gbaɩnɩŋ, cow-skin, cow-hide, haagɩŋ naagiŋ, buffalo, bush-cow {nááb, pl. niiga}
naagɩrɩsɩ [h l l l], root (Sa), Da: dagɩrɩsɩ
naajiile [l l l], najiilie, lit. ‘pressing legs’ (naŋ, ‘leg’, jii, ‘press’), a specific funeral sacrifice over the grave; also: ritual meal of the gravediggers at a funeral; najiilie zaa (Da), millet gruel made by men {za-gaang}
naakpaaŋ [h h], def. naakpaari [h h h], pl. naakpara [h h l], def. naakparaha [h h l h], toe (Sa, Da) {nandub}
naakpɩaŋ [l lh], def. naakpɩaka, pl. naakpɩasɩ, def. naakpɩasɩsɩ, shin (Sa, Da)
naamasɩŋ [l l l], def. naamasɩrɩ, pl. naamasa, def. naamasaha (Ba, Da), shrub (leaves with a whitish, sticky liquid)
naaŋ [lh], def. naaŋwa, pl. naaliŋ, def. naaliba, chief (Ca, Sa); a dii naaŋ, lit. ‘to eat chieftaincy’, to become a chief, to be made a chief {naab}
naaŋ [lh], p.a. -wa/-ya, to create (Sa, Da)
naaŋ [lh], p.a. -wa/-ya, to invert
naara [h l], pl. (sg. naariŋ rare), early millet {naara}
naataasa [l h l], type of foot bangle (Ba) {natasiri}
naatalɩ [l h l], def. naatallɩ [l h h], pl. naatala [l h l], def. naatalaha [l h l h], sole of foot (Ca, Sa) {nantari}
naawie [l l], initial funeral dirge (Da), naawie tuaŋ, lit. ‘bitter dirge’, naawie-dirge with a particular beat
naayagɩrʋ [l l l l], def. naayagɩrɩwa [l l l l h], pl. naayagɩrɩŋ [l l l l], def. naayaagɩrɩba [l l l l h], lit. ‘cow-driver’, cowherd (Ca, Sa)
nabiŋ [l h], def. nabike [l h h], pl. nabisi [l h l], def. nabisisi [l h h h], lit. ‘small cow’, calf (Sa) {na-biik}
nabʋa [l lh], pl. naballi, lit. ‘chief’s child’, prince (Ba)
nachɩɩmɩŋ [l h l], (rattle), see naachɩɩmɩŋ
nachiŋiŋ [h l l], (lion), see naachigiŋ
nagɩ [l l], (to beat), see nɩgɩ
nagɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to take (basic meaning), to seize, to pick up, to take away (Ca, Sa, Da,), to raise (Na)
nagɩ a gʋtɩ [h l l l l] to add (Sa, Da)
nagɩ a yi [h l h h] to put into (Sa, Da); nagi a yi bolibu me, to put on the fire (Sa, Da)
nagɩ chii! [l l h], Take and carry! Carry!
nagɩ chobiti, nigɩ chobiti [l l h l l], to flap the wings (Sa)
nagi dʋaŋ [l l lh], to put or lay down (Sa, Da)
nagɩ dʋaŋ lugɩŋ [l l lh l h], to put away (Sa)
nagɩ kalɩŋka [l l h l h], to fold the mat
nagɩ kɩkɩrɩsɩ [l l h h l l], to dispose of ‘fairies’, i.e. misshaped babies (Da)
nagɩ kumbu [l l l h] to take away the funeral; to conclude the funeral
nagɩ luu [l l l], to dip in (Sa), Da: nagi lusuŋsuŋ
nagɩ suu [l l l], to insert (Sa)
nagɩ zieŋ dagaaŋ [l l lh l l], to adjoin (Sa, Da)
nagɩlɩŋ [l l h], def. nagɩlɩka [l l h h], pl. nagɩlɩsɩ [l l h l], lit. ‘leg-vein’, Achilles tendon (Ca)
nagɩrɩŋ [l l h], def. nagɩrɩka [l l h h], pl. nagɩrɩsɩ [l l h l], def. nagɩrɩsɩsɩ [l l h h h], kraal (Sa, Da)
nagɩrɩsɩ (root), see naagɩrɩsɩ
Nagbɩasɩ, Nagbɩesɩ [l l l], vernacular name for Yikpabongo
nahaaru [l h l], def. nahaaruwa [l h l h], pl. nahaata l h l], (Kp, Sa), son, young man, youngster
nahaata hɔgʋ [l h h l l], first wife after proper courtship (Da)
nahaata saaŋ [l h h l], youngster’s name, given at the age of approximately five (Ba, Da); cf. lɩatɩ saaŋ
nahaata wie [l h h l], beautification marks for men (Da)
nahadiiru [l h l l], def. nahadiiruwo [l h l l h], pl. nahadiiriŋ [l h h l], def. nahadiiribe [l h h l h], boy (Na, Da)
najʋʋŋ, nanjʋʋŋ [h l], (Ca, Ba), nanjʋng, nanjʋoŋ,, najʋoŋ, def. nanjʋʋka [h l h], pl. nanjʋʋsi [h l l], def. nunjʋʋsisi [h l h h],fly {nanjuong}
najʋʋŋ ŋmɩnɩŋ [l l l lh], def. n(a)njʋ ŋmɩka, (sg. rare), pl. nanjʋŋmɩna, nanjʋŋmɩsɩ, def. nanjʋ ŋmɩnɩba, red pepper {ngmaribazung}
nakeme [l h l], heels (Ca)
nakpachɩɩŋ [l h lh], nakpachɩyɩŋ, def. nakpachɩyɩku, pl. nakpachɩyɩtɩ, centipede (Ca)
nakpɩɩŋ [l h], def. nakpɩɩka [l h h], pl. nakpɩɩma [l h l], def. nakpɩɩmaha [l h l h], lit. ‘big chief’, king (Sa, Da) {na-kpieng, ‘big chief’}
nalieŋ [l lh], def. nalieku, pl. naliesi, def. naliesisi (na< naaŋ), chief’s palace (Sa)
nambanyuuriŋ [l l l l],(Ca), nambanyuuri (Da), def. nambanyuurike [l l l l h], pl. nambanyuurisi [l l l l l], sweet potato, Ipomoea patatas {naabanyuiri}
namɩsɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to suffer (Ca, Sa) {namsi}
nan [l], (particle of future), see naŋ
nanbuge [l l l], def. nanbugeke [l l l h], pl. nanbugisi [l l l l], def. nanbugisisi [l l l h h], Aardvark, Orycteropus afer (Da)
Nandugo, Nandogo [l l l], title of a chiefly office-holder
nanjeemiŋ [l l l], def. nanjeemiri [l l l h], pl. nanjeeme [l l l], def. nanjeemehe [l l l h], crab (Sa, Da)
nanjʋʋŋ [l l], def. nanjʋʋka [l l h], pl. nanjʋʋsi [l l l], def. nanjʋʋsisi [l l h h], (Ca, Ba, Da), pepper {ngmaazung}
nansɩ [h l], will v., to be going to – Ballɩtɩ nansɩ keng. The children will come. Ba nansɩ yaali. They will look (for me). Cf. naŋ
nansɩŋ [lh lh], def. nansɩbu, pl. nansɩtɩ, sweet (Sa, Da), cf. ja-nansɩka
nantakogiliŋ [l h l l lh], def. nantakogilike, pl. nantakogile, millipede (Ca)
nantikulimiŋ [l l h l l], (Da: nantankolimiŋ), def. nantikuliŋke, pl. nantikulinsi, fish sp. (Ca), Paraphiocephalus obscurus? (Da)
naŋ [h], def. naŋka [h h], pl. nagisi [h l], (Na: nansi), def. nagisisi [h l h h], foot, leg (Ca, Sa) {nang, pl. nangsa}
naŋ [l], def. nanku [l h], pl. nanti, fall, n. (Ca, Sa, Da)
naŋ [h], nan, nen, particle of future, transl. ‘will’ (Ca, Da, Ba) – U nyuuti nen yiri (Ba). His belly will swell.
naŋ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to fall – Ka nanwa passi. It (the fowl) fell (died) lying on its back (idiom. phrase used for the acceptance of sacrifices in the fowl’s oracle, Ba)
naŋŋɩ [lh l], p.a. -ya, to melt (Ca, Sa) {nyaling}
napoo [l h], (granary), see nepo
napɔrɩŋ [l h l], (Ca), pl. napɔɔra (Sa, Da), calf of leg {nang-kanpoi}
naraaŋ [l lh], def. naraaka, pl. narasi, def. narasisi, bull (Sa), cf. naagiŋ (cow) and -raaŋ (male)
narɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to be fat (Sa, Da)
narɩŋ [l lh], fat (Sa)
narɩŋ [l lh], abscess (Sa, Da)
nasaara [l h l], (Ca, Na), nasaariŋ (Sa, Da), def. nasaarika [l h l h], pl. nasaarisi [l h l l], (lw. Hausa), white man {naasaarik}
nasaratɩɩŋ [l l l lh], def. nasaratɩɩka, pl. nasaratɩsɩ, lit.‘white man-tree’, nim-tree (Ca) {feli-tiib, ‘white-man tree’}
nati (shout), see natiŋ
natɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to shout – Nɩɩŋ natɩ wa kuu. Lit. ‘Rain shouted and killed him’. He was killed by thunder (flash). Cf. niinatiŋ
natɩŋ [l lh], def. natiku, pl. natiti, shout
nayɩbɩŋ [l l l], def. nayɩbɩku, pl. nayɩbɩtɩ, def. nayɩbɩtɩtɩ, claw, toenail (Ca, Da); cf. nuyibɩŋ {nyi-nyieng}
Nazʋa [l lh], def. Nazʋawa, pl. Nazʋati, def. Nazʋatiti, title of a chiefly office-holder; in the chief’s speech he repeats his words in a loud voice; in Ghanaian English he is called ‘linguist’ or ‘interpreter’ (Ca, Da, Sa)
nchʋkpɩa saankpaŋ [l l h l h], Senegal Combassou or Indigo-Finch (female bird, cf. taŋkpiaŋ), Hypochera chalybeata (Da)
ne [h], na, particle denoting past tense, e.g. dine, ate; chone loved; kenne came, wana called
nebiti gbaaŋ [l l l lh], pl. nebiti gbaati, inner courtyard (Da) {dabiak}
nembiŋ [l lh], (Ca), nimbiŋ, def. nembi(n)ke, pl. nembisi, def. nembisisi, bird (Ca, Sa, Da) {nuim}
nembi-kpankɩŋ [l l h h], Rock-bunting (bird), Fringillaria tahapisi (Da)
nen [h], (future), see, naŋ
nenip(i)rimiŋ [l l l l], nupiriŋ, pl. nenip(i)rima (Na: nanipirma), finger-ring (Ba, Sa), cf. nutipirimiŋ
nepoo, napoo [l h], def. nepoku, napuku [l h h], pl. nepoti, napoti [l h l], bin (Ca, Da), straw barn (Ba), granary for millet or maize on a field (Sa)
neri [l l], (Hausa, sg. and pl.), sp. of pumpkin (Akan egusi), Cucumeropsis sp. (?), seeds used as ingredients for soup
nɩ [l], you (pl. subj. + obj), your (pl.), cf. (emph.) nɩnɩŋ {ni}
nɩbʋa [l l], (upper grinding stone), see nɩɩbʋa
nɩ-suŋ [l l], (brush), see nɩŋ-suŋ
-nɩaŋ [lh], also; ŋmin-nɩaŋ, God also (Ca), more common: -lɩaŋ and -rɩaŋ
nɩasɩ [l l], p.a. -wa, to resemble (Sa, Da) {niesi}
nɩgɩ [h l], def. nɩgɩku, pl. nɩgɩtɩ, beat, n., stroke, n. (Da)
nɩgi [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to beat, to strike, to hit, to thrash, to drum – Nɩgɩ wa! Beat him! {nagi}
nɩgɩ membeŋisi [l l l l l l], to perform the adultery cleansing ritual (Ba, Da)
nɩgɩ nipuoŋ [l l l h], to apologize
nɩgɩ tampaŋ [l l l h], to beat the tampaŋ-drum (Da) {nagi, to beat}
-nii, anii [h l], eight (Da) {naaning}
nii [l], (Ca), nee (Na), niing (Da), p.a. -wa/-ya, to rain {ni}
niibua [l lh],(Ca), nibua (Sa), pl. ni(i)balli, smaller, upper grinding stone, cf. niiŋ (lower stone) {nimbiik}
niige [h l], niiga (pl., cows), see naagiŋ {niiga}
niili [h l], to render bridal or courtship services (Ba)
nɩɩ-boliŋ, nɩɩ-bolim [l l lh], lit. ‘rain fire’, lightning (Ca)
niinatiŋ [l l lh], def. niinatiku, pl. niinatiti, thunder (Sa), cf. niiŋ, rain
nɩɩŋ [lh], nuuŋ, nuŋ [h], def. nɩɩrɩ, pl. nɩa, def. nɩaha, big lower grinding stone for grinding millet (Sa, Ca, Ba); cf. nɩbua {niri}
niiŋ [lh]. pl. niiti, female (Sa, Ca); ŋmaniiŋ, female monkey (ŋmaamiŋ, ‘monkey’) {nubi, pl. niima}
nɩɩŋ (Ca), nɩɩn [lh], def. nɩɩku, pl. nɩɩtɩ, nɩa, def. nɩaha, rain (Ca, Sa); nɩɩ-vɩɩnɩŋ, good rain
nɩɩŋ [lh], def. nɩɩbu, pl. nɩɩtɩ (Da: nɩa), def. nɩɩtɩtɩ (Ca, Sa), net, fishing net {neeb}
nɩɩsuŋ [l lh], pl. nɩɩsunti, brush for flour on grinding stones (smaller than suŋ)
nɩɩ taŋ [l h], def. nɩɩ tanni [l h h], pl. nɩɩ tana [l h l], def. nɩɩ tanaha [l h l h], lit. ‘rain stone’, slag of a smelting furnace for iron (Ca, Sa)
nɩɩŋmaaŋ [l lh], def. nɩɩŋmaari, pl. nɩɩŋmara, def. nɩɩŋmaraha, cloud, sky (Ca) {chingmari}
nɩɩnyɩgɩsɩŋ [l l l l], nɩɩnyɩgɩsɩkɩŋ, lightning (Sa, Da) {ngmoruk-nyagsum}
nɩɩrɩŋ [l l], def. nɩɩrɩka [l l h], pl. nɩɩra [l l], nɩɩratɩ (Sa), def. nɩɩraha [l l h], nɩɩratɩtɩ, sandal, shoe {nakarik or nuensiri}
nɩɩtaŋ [l h], pl. nɩɩtana, lit. ‘rain-stone’, hail (Ca) {ngmoruk-tain}
nɩmbɩŋ [h l] (bird), see nembɩŋ [l lh]
nɩmbʋa [l l], (2016: [l lh],pl. nɩmballɩ [l l l], younger sibling (Ca), brother, sister, cousin; always of the same generation and younger than ego, e.g. Br, Si, FaBrSo, FaBrDa, FaSiSo, FaSiDa, MoBrSo, MoBrDa, MoSiSo, MoSiDa (Sa)
nɩmvɔrɩŋ [l l l], pl. nɩmvɔttɩ, lit. ‘eye-hole’, inner corner of eye (Ca)
nɩnammɩŋ [l l l], Grey Duiker, Common Duiker, Cephalophus (Sylvia) grimmia (Da)
ninechaaŋ [ ], face (Sa, Da), cf. nine (pl. of niŋ), eyes
nɩnɩŋ, you (pl.), emph. (Sa, Da, Ca), cf. nɩ {ni}
niŋ [h], def. nimbu [h h], pl. nine [h l], def. ninehe [h l h], eye; ninbiŋ (Ca, Sa, Kp), apple of the eye; nine-tiiŋ, eye-medicine {num nina}
niŋ-kikiriŋ [h l l lh], niŋ-kekiriŋ), def. niŋ-kikirike, pl. niŋ-kikirisi, pupil of eye (Ca: eye + dwarf)
niŋ-ŋmɩɩsa [h l l], being unfriendly (niŋ, ‘eye’)
nɩ-suŋ [l lh],nɩŋ suŋ,(brush), see nɩɩŋ suŋ
nɩŋa (front), see nɩŋŋa
niŋkogiŋ [h l l], eyebrow (Ca, Da) {num-kungkok}
niŋkogizooŋ [l l l lh], def. niŋkogizooke, pl. niŋkogizoosi, def. niŋkogizoosisi, eye-lash (Sa); cf. niŋzooŋ
nɩŋŋa [h l], (Ca), nɩnga (Ba, Da), front, vagina or penis (Da); keŋ nɩŋŋa, to come forward – Uwu o nɩŋŋa (lit. ‘he has no front’). He is sterile. {ning}
nɩŋtɔbɩtɩ [l l l l], nuntobɩtɩ (Ca), saliva, spittle (Sa, Da) {tintuek}
niŋzooŋ [h l], def. niŋzooke [h l h], pl. niŋzoosi [h l l], def. niŋzoosisi [h l h h], eyelash {num-kungkok} cf. niŋkogizooŋ
nɩŋ-ŋmaarɩŋ [h l l], def. nɩŋ-ŋngmaarɩbu [h l l h], envy, jealousy (Ca) {ngmi-ngmaasa, pl.}
nɩŋmarɩŋ, pl. ŋmarisi (Sa), nɩŋmaa, pigeon (Ca), see ŋmariŋ {nanggbang}
nipuoŋ, nupuoŋ [l lh], def. nipuoku, pl. nipuoti, apology; a nigi nipuoŋ, to render an apology, to apologize (Ba, Da) {nipuuk, thanks, clapping}
-nɩsa see anɩsa [h l l], (oben: [h l h]), four (Ba, Ca, Sa), for humans: banɩsa (Sa, Ca) {-naansi}
nɩsa [h l], mother’s sister, FaBrWi (Sa), aunt; cf. nukura {ngesing, nephew}
nɔg(ɩ)mata [l l l l], nug(ɩ)mata, sth. motionless or obese
nɔŋ [l], def. nɔmbu [l h], pl. nɔnti [l l], def. nɔntiti [l h h], meat, flesh (Sa, Ba)
nɔŋbʋŋ [l l], muscle, flesh (Sa, Da)
nɔŋhʋʋra tuluŋ [l h l l lh], def. nɔŋhʋʋra tulike, pl. nɔŋhʋʋra tulisi, def. nɔŋhʋʋra tulisisi, house for smoking meat or fish (Da, Sa)
-nʋ, see anʋ [h l], banʋ, five (Ca, Na) {-nu}
nʋa-bɩaŋ [l lh], pl. nʋa-bɩata, bad (bitter) mouth, bad gossip, evil intention
nʋagbamvaaŋ [l h lh], (Ca), nʋagbanvaaŋ, nʋgbamvaaŋ, def. nʋagbanvaaku, pl. nʋagbanvaati, def. nʋagbanvaatiti, lip (Ca, Sa) {noai-gbain-viok, pl. ~vaata}
nʋamɩŋ [l h], def. nʋannɩ (Ca), nʋaŋka (Sa), pl. nʋama, def. nʋamaha, wooden bat for beating the wet, plastered floor; floor pounder (Ca, Sa. Da) {nueri}
nʋamɩŋ [lh l], def. nʋannɩ, pl. nʋama, def. nʋamaha, hoe with socket hafting
nʋamiŋ [h h], scorpion (Ca), cf. saabadini, black scorpion
nʋaŋ [lh], def. nʋari, pl. nʋa (Ca), noa, mouth {noai, pl. noa}
nʋang tiiŋ [lh lh], medicine against evil talk of wicked people, cf. syn. nʋa woore (Ba)
nʋaŋ, to border on (Sa, Da)
nʋaŋwɩɩŋ [lh lh], pl. nʋaŋwɩa, lit. ‘mouth-matter’, word (Sa)
nubaŋŋiŋ [l h h], pl. nubaŋŋisi (nuuŋ, hand, arm), open or closed bangle, armlet, wristlet (Da), cf. baŋŋiŋ {nying-bang}
nubiŋ [l l], def. nubike [l l h], pl. nubisi [l l l], def. nubisisi [l l h h], finger (Sa) {nandub}
nʋchɩksɩŋ [l h l l], def. nʋchɩkɩsɩrɩ [l h l l h], pl. nʋchɩkɩsa, def. pl. nʋchɩkɩsaha [l h l l h], wrist (Ca)
nugiriŋ [l l lh], upper arm, biceps (Sa, Da) {nigii}
nʋgmata [l l l l], (sth. motionless), see nɔg(i)mata
nʋgbaŋvaaŋ [l h lh], (lip), see nʋagbamvaaŋ
nʋʋŋ kuaŋ [lh lh], nʋkuaŋ back of hand (Sa, Ca)
nʋkura [l h h], mother’s elder sister, cf. nisa
nʋkpaaŋ [l h], (Na: nʋ-biŋ), pl. nʋkpara, thumb {nandub diok}
nukpemiŋ [l h l], nukpamiŋ, nukpaŋ, def. nukpemiri [l h l h], pl. nukpemi, elbow; cf. nutong {ninkuung}
nʋma [l l], (to grind), see nʋng
nʋmɩŋ [l l], stone for polishing plastered walls (Sa)
nʋntɔbɩtɩ [l hl l], (pl., saliva), see nɩŋtɔbɩtɩ
nunuguŋ [l l lh],(Da: nunugiŋ), def. nunugunni, pl. nunuguti, def. nunugutiti, electric fish (Ca, Da), Malapterurus electricus (Da) {ninigi}
nʋŋ, nʋʋŋ [lh], (lower grinding stone), see nɩɩŋ
nuŋ [h], def. nungwo, pl. niiliŋ (Ca) or naamba, def. niilibe, mother (Ca: 2nd person pl., and 3rd pers. sg. and pl.) {ma, pl. maba}
nuŋ [l], numa, p.a. -wa/-ya, to grind (Sa) {num}
nuŋbua [l h], lit. ‘mother’s child’, younger brother, FaSiSo, MoBrSo
nuŋ kʋʋŋ [lh l], grandmother (Sa, Da) {ma-kpieng}
nupɩrɩŋ [l h h],(ring), see nutɩpɩrɩmɩŋ
nʋtaasɩŋ [l h l], pl. nʋtaasa, type of bangle (Da, Sa), syn. naataasa, foot bangle? {natasiri}
nʋtalɩ, def. nʋtallɩ, pl. nʋtala, def. nʋtalaha, palm of hand {ni-talni}
nʋtɩpɩrɩmɩŋ [l l h l l], nupɩrɩŋ, def. nʋtɩpɩrɩnnɩ, pl. nʋtɩpɩrɩma, def. nʋtɩpɩrɩmaha, type of fingerring (Da, Sa)
nutoŋ [l h], elbow (Sa, Da) {ninkung}, cf. nu-kpaming
nʋʋmʋnsɩ, three marks on the cheeks
nuuŋ [l], def. nuuke [h l], pl. nuusi [l l], arm, forearm, hand (Ca, Sa, Da); nu-diigiŋ, right hand, nu-galɩŋ, left hand, nu-galɩchaaŋ, left side (Sa, Da) {nisiri, pl. nisa}
nʋyɩbɩŋ [l l l], def. nʋyɩbuku, pl. nʋyɩbɩtɩ, fingernail, claw (Ca, Sa, Da) {nyi-nyieng}

 

Ŋ

ŋaam, ŋaan (Na: ŋaasi), to yawn (Ca) {ngaasi}
ŋaaŋ [l], ‘been’ (Ca) – Salifu ŋaaŋ buawa mɩŋ. S. has been beating the child (Sa). U ŋaam mɩa mɩŋ. S/he has been building.
ŋaasi, to hand over {ngari, to fetch}
ŋeesiŋ (to clean, to purify), see gaasi [h l]
ŋobɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to chew, to eat (Sa, Da), ŋɔbɩ lagɩlagɩ, lit. ‘to eat quickly’, to devour (Sa, Da) {ngobi}
ŋʋsɩ [l l], to push (Da) {ngusi, to press and groan at birth}

 

Ŋm

ŋmaachakalɩŋ [l h h lh], def. ŋmaachakalɩka, pl. ŋmaachakalɩsɩ, def. ŋmaachakalɩsɩsɩ, baboon, cf. chɩakoli (buttocks)?
ŋmaamɩŋ, def. ŋmaaŋka, pl. ŋmaansɩ, def. pl. ŋmaansɩsɩ, monkey (Ca, Sa), ŋmaa(n)daaŋ, male monkey, ŋmaaniiŋ, female monkey, ŋmaa(n)-nuŋ (pl. ŋmaa-nɩɩlɩŋ), mother monkey (Sa)
ŋmaamɩŋ [l l], no pl., fear, anxiety (Sa)
ŋmaandʋʋŋ [l lh], def. ngmaandʋʋka, pl. ngmaandʋʋsi, lit. ‘monkey dawa-dawa-tree’, tree sp. (Ca)
ŋmaanɩŋ [l lh], (sg. rare), pl. ŋmaana, def. ŋmaanaha, okro, (Ca, Na, Sa, Ba) {ngmaana}
ŋmaanvaaŋ, ŋmaanvaŋ [l lh], okro leaves (used as an ingredient for soup)
ŋmaanvaŋ jaaŋ, def. ŋmaavaŋ jaabu, pl. ŋmaavaŋ nyiŋti, def. ŋmaavaŋ nyiŋtiti, lit. ‘thing for okro’, container made of leaves for storing okro and leaf-vegetables (Da, Sa)
ŋmaanvaŋ pobsiŋ container made of leaves, used for storing okro and other vegetables (Ba), cf. syn. ngmaanvaaŋ jaaŋ
ŋmaarɩchɩappʋrɩŋ [l l h h lh], speckled dove (Ca), cf. ngma(a)rɩŋ (dove)
ŋmabɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to shatter, to smash, to break (Ca, Sa) {mobi}
ŋmagɩlɩ [l l l], p.a. -ya, to dent, to bend (Sa); cf. ŋmuuri (Ca)
ŋmana [l l], few (Ca)
ŋmarɩŋ, ŋmaaarɩŋ [l l], def. ŋmarɩka, pl. ŋmarɩsɩ, def. ŋmarɩsɩsɩ, pigeon, dove (Sa)
ŋmarɩyɛɛlɩŋ (Ca), ŋmarɩyɩalɩŋ [l l l lh], (Sa), red-eyed (white) turtle dove (Ca)
ŋmɩ [h], ŋmɩlɩ (Ca), ŋmɩɩlɩ, ŋmee (Na), p.a. -wa/-ya, to make ropes, to spin, to twist {melim, ngmielim}
ŋmɩɩgɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to ferment, to turn sour (Sa), to be weak (Ca)
ŋmɩɩgɩ [h l], to have pain (Sa), to be weak (Ca)
ŋmɩɩgɩŋ [h l], def. ngmɩɩgɩbu, weakness (Ca)
ŋmɩɩlɩ, ŋmɩlɩ [h l], (to twist), see ŋmɩ
ŋmɩɩsɩ nyaaŋ [h l lh], def. ŋmɩɩsɩ nyaabu, pl. ŋmɩɩsɩ nyaati, def. ŋmɩɩsɩ nyaatiti, fermented water (for making millet gruel) {miising, adj.} cf. ŋmɩɩgɩ v.
ŋmɩɩsɩŋ [h h], sour (Sa), cf. ŋmɩɩgɩ, v. {miising}
ŋmɩlɩŋmɩlɩŋ [l l h lh], def. ŋmɩlɩŋmɩlɩka, pl. ŋmɩlɩŋmɩlɩsɩ, def. ŋmɩlɩŋmɩlɩsɩsɩ, Yellow Wagtail, Budytes flavus (Da)
ŋmɩndarɩŋ [h l l], ŋmondarɩŋ, def. ŋmindarɩka, pl. ŋmindarɩsɩ, def. ŋmindarɩsɩsɩ, spider (Sa) {ninarik}
ŋmɩnɩŋ, ŋmunɩŋ [h l l], pl. ŋmɩna, ŋmuna, red, dyed red (Ca, Ba); guuŋ ŋmɩnɩŋ, red rope {moanung, muning} cf. jaŋmɩnɩŋ, red thing
ŋmɩŋ [lh], def, ŋmɩnnɩ, sun, sky (in this meaning no pl.), cf. ŋmɩŋsɩkpeŋ (Sa) {wen}
ŋmɩŋ [lh], def. ŋmɩnnɩ, pl. ŋmɩna, def. ŋmɩnaha, personal god {wen}
Ŋmɩŋ [lh], God in heaven (Sa), syn. Naabidie Ŋmɩŋ – Ŋmɩŋ ka yɩ tɩ. God has not given us [sth].
ŋmɩŋ jʋʋkɩŋ [lh l h], ŋmɩŋ jʋʋluŋ, sunset, west
ŋmɩŋ nanɩŋ [lh l l], sunset (Sa)
ŋmɩŋ pɔsɩkɩŋ [lh l l h], ŋmɩŋ pɔsɩŋ, sunrise, east {wen pusika}
ŋmɩŋ puole [lh h l], destiny (puole only in this context, Sa), ŋmɩŋka puole kpɩaŋ, oracle fowl, ‘destiny fowl’ (Ba)
ŋmɩŋchaanɩŋ [lh h lh], sunshine (Sa)
ŋmɩŋchɩbɩsɩ [lh h l l],(pl.), def. ŋmɩŋchɩbɩsɩsɩ, lie(s), falsehood (Sa)
ŋmɩŋsɩkpeŋ [lh l h], sky (Sa)
ŋmɩŋtʋasɩ [lh l l], def. ŋmɩŋtʋasɩsɩ, afternoon (Sa) {wentueng}
ŋmɩtigiŋ [l l lh], def. ŋmɩtigiri, pl. ŋmɩtiga, def. ŋmɩtigaha, Common or Glossy-Backed Drongo (bird), Dicrurus adsimilis (Da, Sa)
ŋmʋʋ [l], to squeeze (out), to press (out), to wring (Ca, Sa); cf. ŋmʋʋri {ngmiagi}
ŋmunung, ŋmunɩŋ [l lh], (red), see ŋmɩnɩŋ
ŋmʋʋrɩ [l l], to squeeze, to press, to wring (Ca)
ŋmʋʋrɩ, to dent, to bend (Ca), cf. syn. ŋgmagɩlɩ

 

Ny

nya-juukiŋ [l l h], def. pl.? lit. ‘entering water’, ancestral realm in a river (Ba)
nya-tʋaŋ [l lh], def. nya-tʋabu, pl. nya-tʋati, def. nya-tʋatiti, lit. ‘bitter water’, name of a funeral ritual {nya-tuak}
nya-vɩɩnɩŋ [l l l], def. nya-vɩɩnbu, pl. nya-vɩɩna, def. nya-vɩɩnahe, good water
nya-yɩɩmɩŋ [l l l], def. nya-yɩɩmɩɩnɩ, pl. nya-yɩɩma, def. nya-yɩɩmaha, hippopotamus {nyi-nyimi}
nyaaga [h l], (string bag), cf. nyaaŋa
nyaalɩɩ(rɩ)tʋ [l h l l], def. nyaalɩɩtʋke, pl. nyaalɩɩ(rɩ)tɩŋ, def. pl. lit. ‘water-remover’, kingfisher (Ca)
nyaambʋndaaŋ [lh l lh], (Da: nyaabundaaŋ), def. nyaambʋndaaku, pl. nyaambʋndaasi, lit. ‘water-donkey male’, catfish (Ca, Sa), silurid, Eutropius sp.? Arius gigas? (Da)
nyaaŋ [l], def. nyaabu, pl. nyaati, def. nyaatiti, water (Ca, Na, Ba, Sa) {nyiam} cf. nya-…
nyaaŋ chibiŋ [lh h lh], def. nyaaŋ chibike, pl. nyaaŋ chibisi, def. pl. nyaaŋ chibisisi, calabash for fetching water (Ba) {nyiam}
nyaaŋ gbieŋ [lh lh], def. nyaaŋ gbieke, pl. nyaaŋ gbiesi, def. nyaaŋ gbiesisi, big ceramic vessel for storing water (Sa: for the whole compound), cf. kpagiŋ
nyaaŋ jaaŋ [lh lh], def. nyaaŋ jaabu, pl. nyaaŋ nyiŋti, def. nyaaŋ nyiŋtiti, aquatic animal (Sa)
nyaaŋa, nyaaga [l l], def. nyaaŋka, pl. nyaaŋisi, def. nyaaŋisisi, string bag, (Sa, Da), {nyaaring}
nya(an)bundaŋ [lh l lh], (sp. fish), see nyaambundaaŋ
nyangeele [lh h l], a type of leaf-vegetable
nyantaa, pl. nyantaaliŋ, def. pl. co-wife (Sa, Ba)
nyantaatɩ [l h l], def. hostile relationship between co-wives, rivalry among co-wifes, jealousy (Ba)
nyaŋŋɩ [lh l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to conquer (Sa)
nyanyuule [l l l], def. pl. thirst (Sa) {nya-nyuila}
nyasalɩ [l l l], def. nyasalɩka, pl. nyasala, def. nyasalaha, Smyth’s Water Snake, Grayia smythii, not poisonous (Da, Sa)
nyediŋ [h l], pl. nyede, thin (Ca), cf. nyeeri
nyeeri [h l], thin, adj. (Sa)
nyɛɛli [l l], to hope (Ca)
nyie, (Ca), nyiɛ [lh], (Sa), nyee, def. pl. neck {ngiri}
nyieliŋ [lh l], def. pl. nyieliiti, chain of pearls (Sa), cf. lieŋ and koofi
nyɩgɩsɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to flash, to illuminate, to light (Ca, Sa) {nyagsi}
nyɩgɩsɩŋ [l l lh], def. nyɩgɩsɩbu, no pl., shining, lightning, flashing (Ca, Sa) {ngmoruk-nyagsum}
nyɩɩ [h], (to have children at short intervals), see nyɩɩsɩ
nyɩɩ [h], or nyɩɩsɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to swallow, to show teeth (Ca) {nyu, to drink, ne to swallow} cf. nyɩɩsɩ
nyiiliŋ [l l], (sing. rare), def. nyiilike, pl. nyiile, def. nyiilehe, guinea worm (Ca) {cf. nyiina}
nyiiŋ [h], def. , pl. def. pl. child born at a short interval, cf. nyiisi, v.
nyiiri, nyiri [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to stuff (e.g. sth. into a horn)
nyɩɩsɩ [h l], nyɩɩ, p.a. -wa, to have children at short intervals due to bad spacing (Ba), cf. nyɩɩŋ
nyɩɩsɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to show teeth (not smile) (Ca, Sa), cf. nyɩɩ
nyiisi [l l], p.a. -wa, to bite off (Ca, Sa)
nyɩn [lh], (to be clean), see nyɩŋ
nyɩnchaasɩ [l h l], def. front teeth (Ca), cf. nyɩŋ (tooth)
nyɩŋ-… (pl.), see ja-, jaaŋ… (sg.)
nyɩŋ [lh], def. nyɩnnɩ, pl. nyɩna, def. nyɩnaha, tooth (Ca, Sa); nyɩŋdaaŋ, front tooth, nyɩŋ-goliŋ, molar {nyin, pl. nyina}
nyɩŋ [lh], def. nyɩkka, pl. nyɩgɩsɩ, def. nyɩgɩsɩsɩ, bush partridge sp. (Ca, Sa); bush fowl, Francolinus bicalcaratus (Da) {yeng}
nyɩŋ [lh], p.a. -ya, to be or become clean/cleaned – Tɩ nyɩŋya. We have been cleaned. Jayekiri nyɩŋya mɩŋ. The shirt is clean. {nari}
nyɩŋ [l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to go out, to come out, to leave; nyɩŋ sieŋ (sieŋ, road), to travel (Ba) {nyini}
nyɩŋ juoŋ [lh lh], to take up one’s own room
nyɩŋ yalɩŋ [ ], p.a. -wa, to outdoor, e.g. a baby after birth (Sa) {nyini, to go out}
nyɩŋbʋʋra [lh h l], (pl.), def. nyɩŋbʋʋraha, seeds for sowing {buuri, pl. buura}
nyiŋdiike [lh h l], pl. (food, meal), see jadiikiŋ (sg.)
nyɩŋgbanɩŋ [lh h lh], def. nyɩŋgbaŋka, pl. nyɩŋgbaŋsɩ, def. nyɩŋgbaŋsɩsɩ, body (Ca, Sa, Da) {nying}
nyiŋiŋ [l lh], def. nyiŋke, pl. nyiŋe, def. nyiŋehe, driver ant (Ca)
nyɩŋkʋra [lh l l], pl. (elders), see jaakʋʋŋ
nyɩŋkpaaŋ [lh h], def. many (Sa)
nyɩŋtɩ [lh l], pl. jaaŋ, thing
nyiŋtʋati [lh h l], bitter (Sa) {tuak}
nyɩnyela-chɩchʋatʋ [ ] def. nyɩnyela-chɩchʋatʋka, pl. nyɩnyela-chɩchʋatɩŋ, def. nyɩnyela-chɩchʋatɩba, sp. fish, Synodontis sp.? (Da)
nyɩŋnyɩŋka [lh lh h], (fruit), see janyɩŋkɩŋ
nyɩrɩŋ [h lh], def. nyɩrɩka, pl. nyɩrɩsɩ, tree sp. (Ca)
nyo(o)-… see also nyu(u)-…
nyoŋ [lh], (yam), see nyʋŋ
nyoosi [l l], (to smoke), see nyʋʋsi
nyoote [l l], (belly), see nyʋʋti
nyugini [l l l], camel (Sa)
nyʋgɩsɩ [l l l],(to sharpen, Sa), see nyʋgʋsɩ
nyʋgsʋŋ, nyʋgsɩŋ [l l], to polish, e.g. new plastering, cf. ta-nyʋgsʋŋ, stone for polishing
nyʋgʋsi [l l l], nyʋgisi, p.a. -wa/-ya, to sharpen, to whet, e.g. a knife (Ca, Sa)
nyʋŋ [h], nyʋoŋ, def. nyʋnni, pl. nyʋa, (Na: nyʋgti), def. nyʋaha, yam (Ca, Sa, Ba) {nyuri, pl. nyue}
nyʋŋ [lh], def. nyʋkku, pl. nyʋgiti, market (Ca), traditional ‘week’ (Ba); nyʋ-biaŋ, small market (Ca), nyʋŋ daraŋ, market day
nyuŋ [lh], def. pl. nyua, def. pl. fibre sponge (Sa)
nyʋote, nyʋotɩ (stomach), see nyʋʋtɩ
nyuu [l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to drink (Sa, Ba) {nyu}
nyʋʋbiŋ [l h], def. nyʋʋbinni (sg. rare), pl. nyʋʋbie, def. nyʋʋbiehe, intestines {nyuok, pl. nyueeta}
nyʋʋgɩ [l l], (Ca), nyʋgɩ, nyʋngɩ, to smell (something), to stink {nyungi}
nyʋʋgɩbɩa [l l lh], to stink (Sa)
nyʋʋgɩŋ [l lh], def. nyʋʋugɩbu, smell, n. (Ca) {nyum}
nyʋʋŋ [h], def. nyʋʋri, pl. nyʋra, def. nyʋraha, chest, breast (Ca, Sa) {nyipik}
nyʋʋŋ [lh], def. nyʋʋri, pl. nyʋra, def. nyʋraha, tree sp.(Ca)
nyʋʋru (sweet potato), see nabanyʋrɩng
nyʋʋsɩ [l l], nyʋʋsa, nyoosɩ (Na), to suck, to smoke, cf. mʋgɩ and mʋgɩsɩ
nyʋʋsɩ [l l], (pl.), ngʋʋsɩ (Ca), smoke, steam (Sa, Da) {nyuik}
nyʋʋtɩ [h l], nyʋotɩ, nyoote, def. , pl. , def.pl. stomach, belly

 

O

(see U)
o [h], wo, wa, he, she (Na), see u

 

P

paa [h], (Sisaala lw.), open (only in bua paa, ‘open grave’, Ba)
paaliŋ [h l], def. paalika, pl. paalisi, swamp (Ca)
paapʋʋ [h l], def. pl. paapʋsi, traditional transverse clarinet with only one resonator, made from a millet stalk (today rare) (Da, Sa) {paampuung}
paasɩ [h l], (Sa), pasɩ (Ca), p.a. -wa/-ya, to peel {piesi}
pabap, quickly (Ca) {kpabi, v.}
pai, hard (Ca)
palɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to flow, to leak (Na, Sa) – Nyaabu naŋ palɩ. The water will flow.
pam [h], much (Ca), many (Sa), transl. ‘very’ – U maarɩŋ wia (matters) tua pam. Her delivery was very difficult.
pamaalɩŋ [h l l], def. pamaalɩka, pl. paamaalɩsɩ, tree sp. (Ca)
paŋ [h], def. paŋka, pakka (Ca), pl. pagisi, def. pagisisi, wall (Ca, Sa) {parik}
paŋŋɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to borrow, to lend (Sa) {pami, ‘borrowed money, piem, ‘to lend’}
parɩntɩa, def. parɩntɩaka, pl. parɩntɩasɩ, def. parɩntɩasɩsɩ, pellet bell
pasɩ [h l], (to peel), see paasɩ
peetwo (Ca), pitoo [l h], (Sa), def. pitoke (Sa), no pl., trousers, pants, lw. Twi {pietuk, pants}
pekoniŋ [h l l], def. pekoniku, pl. pekonti, def. pekontiti, type of antelope, size of a goat but with long neck (Ba)
periku [h l l], (Sa), puroku (Na), def. perikuke, pl. perikusi, def. perikusisi, pig; perikuniiŋ, sow
periŋ [h l], def. perike, pl. perisi, def. pl. perisisi, button (Ca)
pɩasɩ [l l], pɩɛsɩ, pasɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to ask (a question), to find out, to consult, e.g. a soothsayer (Ca, Ba, Sa)
piili [l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to begin, to start (Ca, Sa) {piilim}
pili [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to unroll (Ca, Sa) {bilim, to roll}
pili [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to roof (Ca, Sa) {pili}
pɩmparɩmɩŋ [h h l l], def. pɩmparɩnnɩ, pl. pɩmparɩma, def. pl. hive (Ca, Sa)
pɩpaŋɩrʋ [l h l l], pɩpaŋŋɩrʋ (Sa, Ca), borrower
pɩrɩŋ [l lh], prɩŋ, def. , pl. barren, hɔgu pɩrɩŋ, barren women (Ba)
pɩsɩ [h h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to purify, to clean (Ba) {pieri}
piti [l l], tasteless (Ca)
po (to divide), see puo
poniŋ [h lh], def. poŋke, pl. ponsi, tree sp. (Ca)
pooli (to divide), see puo
poosi, to break (Ba)
poosi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to invite, poosi kpiaŋ, to invite others to help on a farm (Ba)
poosi [h l], (Ca: pwuosi), p.a. -wo/-ye, to pray (Sa: used only for Islamic prayers), poosi Ŋmiŋ, to pray to God (Ba) {puusi}
popoli [h h l], def. popolike, pl. popolisi, def. popolisisi, lamp (Ca) {poli-poli}
posi [h l], to disclose, to publicise; posi nyuuti, to publicise a pregnancy (Ba)
posɩkɩŋ [h l lh], (sunrise), see ŋmɩŋ posɩkɩŋ
Potoporʋŋ [l l l l], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
pɔgɩlɩ [l l l], p.a. -wa, to hold, to keep, pɔgɩlɩŋ, v.n., holding (Sa, Ca)
pʋara [l l], def. , pl. (lw. Engl.?), powder for modern cosmetics (Ba)
pʋasi [l l], to strip bark from tree (Ca)
puŋpute [h h l], def. puŋputeke, pl. puŋputisi, def. pungputisisi, fish sp., Distichodus?
puŋuluŋ [l l lh], def. puŋuluŋke, pl. puŋuluŋsi, def. puŋuluŋsisi, fish sp. (Ca), Tetraodon fahaka? (Da)
puo, po, Ca: p.a. poye, pweye, to divide, to split, to separate (Ca, Sa) {poori}
puoli [lh], p.a. -wo/-ye, to challenge (Ba), cf. ŋmiŋka puole kpiaŋ, oracle fowl
puori [h l], to cut open (Ca); cf. kpuori (Sa)
puroku [h l l], (pig), see periku
pʋsɩ [h l], to whisper (Sa)
pʋʋsɩ taaŋ [h l lh], to spit out, to ‘spray’ kola nut and saliva e.g. on a shrine as a type of sacrifice (puusi in this sense cannot be used alone)
pʋʋsɩŋ [h l], whisper, n. (Ca), cf. pʋsɩ, v.

 

R    (not initially)

-raaŋ [lh], -daaŋ, pl. -raasi (or -daa, pl. -daasi), male, see (e.g.) jaraaŋ [l lh], male thing, male animal
-riaŋ, -liaŋ, -niaŋ, also; ti-riaŋ, we also (Ca)

 

S

saa (Neri), see sara
saabadini [l l l lh], (Ca), saabadidiŋ (Sa), def. pl. black scorpion
saagɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to agree, to consent (Na), to respond, to answer, to accept; saagɩ wagɩŋ, to accept defeat (in wrestling) {siagi}
saagɩ a yi, p.a. -ya, to consider (Sa)
saakiri [l h l], (lw.), def. saakirika, pl. saakirisi, def. saakirisisi, bicycle (Na, Sa)
saalɩŋ [h l], a slimy vegetable, ‘spinach’ (Ba) {saalim, sliminess}
saamɩŋ [l l], def. saanɩ (Ca), saamɩrɩ (Sa), pl. saama, def. saamaha, porcupine {sain}
saamɩŋ [h l], def. saanɩ, pl. saama, def. saamaha, sp. fish; Pellonula afzeliusi? Barilius sp.?
saaŋ [lh], def. saabu, pl. saati, millet porridge, millet gruel, TZ (tuo zaafi) {saab, pl. sira}
saaŋ gbieŋ [l lh], def. saaŋ gbieke, pl. saaŋ gbiesi, def. saaŋ gbiesisi, cooking pot for millet porridge (Sa) {samoaning}
saaŋ [lh], def. saari, pl. sara, sada, name (Ca); saaŋ biaŋ, bad name, bad reputation (Ba)
saaŋchʋŋ [lh h], pl. saaŋchʋgiti, war-axe, battle-axe (Sa)
saara [l l], (Neri), see sara
saarɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to sweep (Sa, Na)
saarɩ yɩɩla [l l l l], lit. ‘giving the name’, naming, ritual of namegiving (Ba, Sa) – Sarɩ yɩɩla yiwo soriŋ. The naming (ritual) will be tomorrow (Sa).
saarɩkɩŋ [l l h], swept (Ca), cf. saarɩ
sawuriŋ, sawuruŋ [l h l], def. saawurike, pl. saawurisi, def. saawurisisi, stirring stick, porridge stirrer for millet porridge, e.g. in the form of a paddle (Ca, Sa, Da) {sapiri}
sawuribiŋ [l h l lh], pl. saawuribisi, lit. ‘small stirring stick’; stick with an end like that of a diviner’s wand
sawurɩkpɩɩŋ [l h l h], def. pl. saawurɩ kpɩɩma, lit. ‘big stirring stick’, stirring stick with a rounded end, stirring paddle (Sa)
sabɩ [l l], to sue, to make a claim against
sab(ɩ)tɩ [ ], (pl.), def. pl. def. pl. mud, dirt (Na, Sa)
Safʋ, Safo [l l], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
sagɩ [l l], to hang (Sa) {sagi}
sakootiŋ [l h lh], sekuutiŋ (Ca), def. sakootike, pl. sakooti, def. sakootiti, sakootehe (Sa), spoon, calabash ladle, cf. Fig. 27:6
sakpalɩ [l h l], def. pl. sakpala, bowl of hot food, e.g. porridge and soup (Ba)
salɩma [l l l], (pl.), def. pl. gold (Na, Sa), syn. warɩ; salɩma vɔruŋ, gold mine; salɩma tuturu, gold digger
Sambakora [l l l l], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
samɩŋ [l l], def. sannɩ, pl. sama, talisman, amulet in leather case (Da, Sa), fetish (Ca) {sabi}
sampoa [l h], threepence (old coin) {sampoak}
sanbuge [l l l], def. pl. sanbugisi, unripe dawa-dawa pod (Da, Sa), cf. duuŋ, dawa-dawa tree
sangbɩli ŋmɩnɩŋ [l l l l lh], dawa-dawa pompon (Da), {sambuli}
sankpata [l h h], def. dawa-dawa pods (Da)
sanʋa-daaŋ [l l lh], sanʋa-raaŋ, def. sanʋa daaka, pl. sanʋa daasi, def. sanʋa daasisi, main entrance to the house, gate (daaŋ, wood, but term may also be used for non-wooden gates, Ba)
sanʋaŋ [l lh], def. sanʋari, pl. sanʋa, def. sanʋaha, 1. entrance (Ca) to a compound or a room, gate, doorway, 2. clan, lineage (Sa)
sanʋaŋ jakuuŋ [l lh l lh], def. pl. sanʋaŋ nyiŋkʋra, lineage/clan head, elder of a lineage/clan (Ca, Sa, Ba)
saŋ(ŋ)a [l l], def. pl. time, season (Sa); Zabarima sanga, ‘olden days’, kong saŋŋa, lean season, before harvest of early millet (Ba), cf. agbaa saŋŋa (noon)
saŋ(ŋ)a bia [l l lh], when? (Sa)
saŋɩrɩga [lh l l l], def. pl. saŋɩrɩgɩsɩ, body string made by children (Da, Sa)
saŋkpaaŋ [lh h], def. sangkpaari (Ca), saŋkpaaku (Sa), pl. saŋkpara, def. saŋkparaha, grasshopper, locust
saŋkpaaŋ [lh hl], def. saŋkpaari, pl. saŋkpara, def. saŋkparaha, bird sp.
saŋkparɩ-wie [lh h l lh], def. pl. radial cuts around the navel, navel scarification (Sa)
saŋkparɩŋ [lh h l], def. saŋkparɩku, pl. saŋkparɩsɩ (Ca), saŋkparɩtɩ (Sa), def. sankparɩtɩtɩ, navel, navel string, umbilical cord {siuk}
saŋsa [l l], (pl.), sweet
sara [l l], saara, saa (sg. and pl.), def. Neri, Egusi, type of gourd plant (climber)
sara [l l], to weep (Ca), cf. kuŋ, v. (Sa: kuŋ more common)
sarɩ [l l], def. pl. ground, powdered tobacco (Ba) {sarik}
sarɩya [l l l], (lw.); English? a dii sarɩya, to adjudicate on a complaint. What is the original meaning of dii? (Ba) {saria}
sawuriŋ [l h l], (stirring stick), see saawuriŋ
se (to dance), see sie
sebɩ (to know), see sɩba
Seidu [l l], title of a chiefly office-holder (kambonnaaŋ), formerly an officer of the chief’s warriors
sekuutiŋ, sekwuutiŋ (calabash ladle), see sakootiŋ [l h lh],
seŋ [lh], def. sekke, pl. segisi, tree sp. (Ca, Sa)
seŋ [lh], really – (From a prayer:) Fu seng beri. You really exist.
sɩɩ [l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to bathe (Ca) {so}
sɩa [lh], (Ca), sɩya, where?
sɩba [l l], as (Sa)
sɩba, sɩbɩ [l l], p.a. -wa, to know (Ca, Ba, Sa) {sebi}
sibi [h l], p.a. -ye, to be dark (Ca), to darken (Na) {sobi, to get dark}
sɩbɩŋ [h l], def. sɩbɩka, pl. sɩbɩtɩ (Da: sɩbɩsɩ), def. sɩbɩtɩtɩ, Hartebeest (Ca, Da, Sa), Alcelaphus buselaphus or Bubalis major {sebik}
sɩbɩŋ [h l], knowing (Ca), cf. sɩbɩ, v.
sibubuŋ, (Ca), sibubiŋ [h l lh], (Sa, Da), def. sibubike, pl. sibubisi, def. sibubehe, sibubusisi, hat, straw hat, cap, cf. kagba
sidi [l l], cedi (Ca)
sie (sg. rare), pl. siesi [lh l], def. siesisi (Ca, Sa), honey {siita} cf. siebiŋ (bee)
sie [lh], se, to dance (Ba. Ca, Sa), -wo/-ye, sie dugu, to dance the dugu-dance; seme, to be dancing, cf. siele n.
siebiŋ [ ], def. siebiri, (Na: siebinni), pl. siebie, def. siebiehe (Ca), bee {siri} cf. sie (honey)
sie-chagɩsɩŋ [lh h l l], def. sie-chagɩsɩrɩ, pl. sie-chagɩsa, def. sie-chagɩsaha, crossroad; cf. sie-kpara
sie-chʋntʋ [lh l l], (Ca), sie-chɔntu, lit. ‘road-walker’, traveller, cf. chʋŋ, v.
siekpara [lh h l], def. pl. (sieng, ‘road’), 1. crossroad, 2. outskirts of a village (Ba, Sa); cf. siechagising {siukpak}
siele [lh l], (pl.), def. sielehe, dance; cf. sie, v.
sieŋ [lh], def. sieku, pl. sieti, def. sietiti, path (Ca), road, way; journey {siuk}
siesi [lh l], (pl., honey), see sie
sieyiilitu [lh l l l], (sieyiintu, Tantuosi dialect; sieŋ, road; nyiŋ, to come out), sieyiltu, def. sieyiiltuwo, pl. sieyiiltiŋ, def. sieyiiltibe, linkman, go-between, intermediary in courtship and marriage affairs (Ba) {san-yigmoa}
sɩgɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to perform the ‘incarnation’ or naming ritual (Sa, Ba); to be named after, to reincarnate (Ca); a sɩgɩ bua, to take a child through this ritual (Ba)
sigilinsigi (Ca), sigilinsige [l l l l h], hiccups{segi}
siginte [l l h], sobbing (Ca, Sa)
sɩgɩŋ [l lh], def. , pl. person (child) dedicated to and protected by a guardian spirit, protégé, ward; a person who is the ‘incarnation’ of an ancestor or another shrine spirit; Juaŋ sɩgɩŋ, ward of the Juaŋ-shrine {segi, guardian}
sɩgɩŋ tieŋ, sɩgɩ-tieŋ [l lh lh], def. pl. lit. ‘owner of a sɩgɩŋ’, guardian spirit (e.g. an ancestor), spirit which is reincarnated in a human being {segi}
sɩgɩtɩ [l l l], def. pl. (abstract noun), ritual in which a child is dedicated to a guardian shrine or ancestor, reincarnation ritual (Ba)
sɩgɩ tieŋ saaŋ [l l lh lh], def. sɩgɩ tieŋ saarɩ, pl. sigitieŋ saara, reincarnation name (Ba)
sigri (sugar), see sikiri
sɩɩ [h], to bath (Sa), to wash; sɩɩ kumbu nyaaŋ, to wash the corpse {suuri, so}
sɩɩ [l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to roast, e.g. over a fire (Ba, Sa) {se}
sɩɩ walɩŋ [ ], to sweat (Sa) – Ba sɩɩ walɩŋ pata. They are drenched in sweat (Ba).
siimiŋ [h lh], def. siinni (Ca), pl. siime, def. siimehe, Bambara bean (Ca, Sa), Voandzeia subterranea {sumi}
sɩɩŋ [lh], def. pl. catarrh, a cold (Ca, Sa)
sikili [l h l], def. sikilli, pl. sikile, def. sikilehe, heart {sukiri} cf. sikpaaŋ
sɩkɩrɩ [l l l], sigri (lw.), def. sɩkɩrɩke, sugar
sɩkʋʋŋ (morning), see sʋkʋʋŋ
sɩkpaaŋ [l h], def. sɩkpaari, pl. sɩkpara, def. sɩkparaha, heart (Ca, Sa), cf. sɩkɩlɩ
sikpeŋ [l h], def. sikpeku, pl. sikpegile, def. sikpegilehe, head, skull; transl. ‘on’, ‘above’, ‘on top of’ (Ca, Sa) {zuk}
sikpeŋ buuŋ [l h lh], def. sikpeŋ buubu, family god (Kp), shrine owned by and sacrificed to by an individual or a family (e.g. Juang)
sikpeŋ kogiliŋ [l h h l l], def. sikpeŋ kogiliku, pl. sikpeŋ kogile, def. sikpeŋ kogilehe, skull {zu-kobi}
sikpeŋ kpali [l h hl], pl. sikpeŋ kpala (sikpeŋ, ‘head’, kpali, ‘calabash’), calabash-hat (Da, Sa)
sikpeŋ sʋnsʋŋ [l h l l], def. pl. top of head
sikpeŋ zoo-yala [l h l l l], def. pl. grey hair (Sa)
sikpeŋ zooŋ [l h lh], def. sikpeŋ zooke, pl. sikpeŋ zoosi, def. sikpeŋ zoosisi, hair (of the head)
sɩlɩgɩŋ [l l l], def. sɩlɩgɩrɩ, pl. sɩlɩga, def. sɩlɩgaha, hammer (of local blacksmith) {sengli}
siliŋsuuliŋ [ ], def. pl. sp. root
sɩlɩva [l l l], def. sɩlɩvaka, pl. sɩlɩvasɩ, def. sɩlɩvasɩsɩ (lw. Engl., silver), aluminium, aluminium vessel, bowl (Sa)
sɩna [l l], to own, to belong to, to possess (Sa) {cf. soa}
sɩnsagɩŋ [ ], def. pl. haze, mist (Na)
sinseŋ [l lh], (Ca: sisiŋ), def. sinsenni (sisiini), pl. sinsie (sisie), def. sinsiehe (sisiehe), grasscutter, Cane Rat or Cutting Grass, Thryonomys swinderianus (Sa, Da) {siseri}
sinsini (Ca), sinsenni [l lh l], (Sa), many
sɩŋ [lh], def. sɩnnɩ, pl. sɩa, def. sɩaha, fish sp. (Ca, Da), Alestes sp. (Da)
siŋgetigiŋ [l h l lh], def. siŋgetigiri, pl. siŋgetige, def. siŋgetigehe, lizard sp. (Ca)
sɩŋkpaaŋ [lh h], suŋkpaam, def. sɩŋkpaabu, pl. sɩŋkpaatɩ, def. sɩŋkpaatɩtɩ, groundnut, peanut {sungkpaam}
sɩŋkpa-bʋrɩŋ [lh h l lh], def. pl. peanut for sowing
sɩnkpɩaŋ [lh h h], def. sɩnkpɩaka, pl. sɩnkpɩasɩ, def. sinkpɩasɩsɩ, Egyptian Mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon (Da, Sa)
sɩŋilɩba [lh l l l], def. pl. (lw. Engl.), single-barrelled gun (Ba, Sa)
sɩnyɩɩrɩŋ [l l lh], def. sɩnyɩɩrɩbu, anger (Ca)
sisieru [l lh l], dancer (Ca), cf. sie, v.
sisiŋ (grasscutter), see sinseŋ [l lh]
sɩtaanɩ [l h l], devil (Sa) {sitaana}
siti [l l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to pour, to cast metal (Sa) {soati}
sɩya [l h], (where?), see sɩa
So ma! Come down! Cf. suuŋ, v.
sobi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to write, sobiŋ, writing (Ca)
solesole [h l h l], to be smooth (Ca) {saala}
solisi [h l l], p.a. solisiye, to be smooth {saala}
solisi [h l l], p.a. salisiye, to polish {salisi}
soo, p.a. -wo/-ye, to swim (Sa)
soruŋ [h lh], soriŋ, suruŋ (Ca), tomorrow – Soruŋ u nan kuli. Tomorrow he will return (Sa).
sɔbɩ [l l], to excrete, sɔbɩŋ, v.n., excreting (Ca)
sɔbɩ bɩntɩ [l l l l], to defecate (Sa) {zaani binta}
sɔbɩ sʋnsɔŋ [l l l lh], to urinate (Sa)
sɔbɩlɩŋ [h l l lh], sɔbɩɩŋ (Ca), def. pl. sobɩla, black, dark, blue, green (Ca, Ba, Sa); chi-sɔbɩlɩŋ, black squirrel {sobluk}
sɔŋsɔŋ [l l], carefully, gently (Ba) – Chɔmma sɔŋsɔŋ! Walk carefully! (Sa)
su [l], suu, p.a. -ye, to put inside (Ca), to pour (e.g. water into a bottle or maize into a sack; Sa), cf. sugi and siti
sʋamɩŋ [lh lh], (Ca), sɔɔmɩŋ, def. sʋaŋka, pl. sʋansɩ, def. sʋansɩsɩ, hare, rabbit {suom}
sudisi, surisi, to rub (Ca)
sʋgɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to court a girl {siiri}
sugi [h l], suguri, p.a. -ye, to dip, to emerse; sugi jiti, to dip into soup (Ba), cf. su, v. {suigi, su}
sʋgɩŋ [l lh], (Sa), sʋgʋŋ (Ca), def. sʋgɩrɩ, pl. sʋga, def. svgaha, plunge basket (Sa), fish trap (Ca) {sogi}
sugiri [h l l], see suguri (to wash)
sʋgɩrɩ [l l l], to wake
sʋgɩtaalɩŋ [l l h lh], sʋgɩtaŋ, def. , pl. kinship term for particular male or female uterine relatives (younger or older than ego), e.g. MoSiDa, MoSiSo, MoSiDaHu
sʋgɩtɩ [l l l], sʋgɩtaa, uterine relationship (Ca, Ba)
sʋgɩyɔŋ [l l lh], jealousy (Sa)
sʋgʋŋ, sʋgɩŋ [l lh], (plunge basket), see sʋgɩng
suguri [h l l], (Ca), sugiri, p.a. -wo/-ye, to wash; sugurikiŋ, washed part, cf. sii {suuri}
sʋgʋrɩ, sʋgɩrɩ [l l l], to wake
suguri (to dip), see sugi [h l],
sʋkʋʋŋ [l lh], (Ca), sʋkʋŋ, sɩkʋʋng (Sa), morning; sɩkʋʋŋ leeliŋ, dawn (Sa)
sulisi, suuli, to be full (Ca), cf. suuli {sueri}
sumiŋ [h l], (Sa, Da: somiŋ), def. sunni, pl. sunti, def. suntiti, fish sp. (Ca); Heterobanchus sp.? (Da)
sun, heart (Ca); cf. sikpaang and sikili {sukiri, fig.: sui}
sʋnsɩ [lh l], sʋŋsɩ, sʋnsʋ, to be cool, cold, wet (Ca), cf. sʋŋsɩŋ, adj.
sʋnsɩŋ, sʋnsʋŋ, sʋng, def. sʋnsɩka, pl. sʋnsa, def. sʋnsaha (Ca, Sa), wet, cool, fresh, cold, ja-sunsiŋ [h l lh], cold thing, sʋnsi, v.
sʋnsɔbɩlɩŋ [l l l l], sɩnsɔbɩlɩŋ, def. pl. sʋnsobɩla, story, tale (Sa) {sunsueli}
sʋnsɔŋ [l lh], def. sʋnsoŋbʋ, pl. sʋnsoŋtɩ, def. sʋnsoŋtɩtɩ, urine (Sa); sʋnsɔŋ saalɩŋ, lit.’slimy/weak sperma/urine’, term used for an infertile man (Ba) {sinsam}
sʋnsoŋ kʋoliŋ [l lh h l], def. sʋnsoŋ kʋoliku, pl. sʋnsoŋ kʋoliti, def. sʋnsoŋ kʋolititi, bladder (Sa)
sʋnsu [l l], (to be cool), see sʋnsɩ, sʋŋsɩ
sʋnsʋŋ [h h], middle, in the middle (Ca, Sa), between, among (Sa); ti sʋnsʋŋ, among us, cf. sʋŋ {sunsung}
sʋnsʋŋ, shade (Ca)
sʋnsʋŋ-aŋ-kɔbɩŋ [lh lh h l l], def. pl. lit. ‘middle bone’, spine (Sa)
sʋŋ [lh], def. sʋmbu (Da: sʋnni), pl. sʋnti, def. sʋntiti, broom, brush (Ca, Sa), a bundle of loose grass stalks for sweeping {sie, pl.}
sʋŋ [lh], def. sʋkʋ, pl. sʋti, def. svtiti, inside (Ca), interior, cf. sunsuŋ (middle)
sʋŋ (to descend), see sʋʋŋ
suŋŋi [l h], p.a. -wo, to help (Sa)
suo [lh], p.a. -wo/-ye, to swim (Ca, Sa)
surisi (to rub), see sudisi
suruŋ (tomorrow), see soruŋ
sʋsʋta [l l h], joking, (individual or tribal) joking relationship (Ba), sʋsʋta saaŋ, jocular names, cf. sʋti, v.
sʋti, to joke (not mean what one says), to play with (jokingly); a sʋti sʋsvta, to joke, cf. laali
sutuliniiŋ, lit. ‘intestine-female’, colon (Ca), Sa: wutuluniiŋ
suuli [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to fill, to be full (Ca, Ba, Sa), cf. sulisi, suulikiŋ, suuliye {sueri}
suulikiŋ, full (Ca)
suuliye [h l l], p.a. -ye, to become full (Sa)
sʋʋŋ [l l], sʋŋ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to descend, to get down, to go down (Ca, Na, Sa); sʋʋŋ dua, to lie down; keŋ sʋŋ, to come down; So ma (idiom.)! Come down! {singi}

 

T

ta [h], and (Ca: joins clauses) {ate?}
-ta [h], three (Ca), see ata {-ta}
ta-faaŋ [h lh], def. , pl. harmattan season {fiok} cf. tam (time)
ta-gbieŋ [h lh], ta-gbie, def. ta-gbieke, pl. ta-gbiesi, def. ta-gbiesisi, lit. ‘ceramic tobacco-vessel’, ceramic pipehead {tacheng}
taa [h], def. taawa, pl. taaliŋ, (Ba, Sa: tang), def. taaliba, elder or younger brother, sister (Ca, Sa), also: FaBrDa, MoBrDa {toa}
taa biŋ [h l], younger sister
taa jakʋʋŋ [h h lh], def. taa-jakʋʋri, pl. taa-nyiŋkʋra, def. taa-nyiŋkʋraha, elder brother/sister
taa [h], (to throw), see taaŋ
taa [h], ta, p.a. -wa/-ya, to shoot, to fire (Sa), taa maafa, to fire musketry – N ta ya. I have shot it (said after a successful shot, Ba) {tong}
taagɩŋ [h h], def. taagɩrɩ, pl. taaga, def. taagaha, vagina, vulva (Ca, Sa); taagɩ zuosi, pubic hair of woman, cf. niŋŋa
taalɩ [h l], def. taalɩka, pl. taalɩsɩ, def. taalɩsɩsɩ, sin, offence, misdeed (Sa, Ca)
taama [h l], pl. taama, cheek (Na)
taamɩŋ [h lh], def. taanɩ, pl. taama, def. taamaha (Ca), shea fruit, cf. taaŋ
taanɩŋ [h lh], to sacrifice (used only for water, pito, roasted liver, not for blood), cf. kaabɩ, v. (general meaning)
taaŋ [h], def. taaka, pl. taasi, def. taasisi, shea tree (Ca, Sa) {cham}, cf. taamiŋ (fruit)
taaŋ vaaŋ [h lh], def. taaŋ vaaku, pl. taaŋ vaati, def. taaŋ vaatiti, shea-nut leaf {vaata, leaves}
taaŋ [hl] to allow (Ba)
taaŋ [hl], to tell, to narrate; taaŋ sinsɔbla, to tell a story (Sa)
taaŋ [h], taa, taam, p.a. -wa/-ya, to throw, to put down (Ca, Sa, Ba); puusi taaŋ, to spit out – N taaŋ fu. I have put you down (in wrestling); nagi a taaŋ, to throw away; Boliŋ Taala Daaŋ, lit. ‘fire throwing day’, Fire Festival
taarɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to give way, e.g. on footpath (Ba)
taarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to plaster, e.g. a wall {taari, to plaster}
taarɩŋ [h lh], plastering (Ca)
taasɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to join (up), to assemble, to connect (Ca, Sa)
tabaarɩ, traitor (Ca)
tago [h h], def. tagoke, pl. tagosi, big traditional smock (Sa)
takoobi [h h l], def. takoobike, pl. takoobisi, def. takoobisisi, sword (Sa)
talɩ [h l], (palm of the hand), see nu-talɩ
tam [h], (Ca), taŋ (Sa), (lw. Engl., no plural), time, season; taŋka gie, in this season; tam biya? what time? when? ta-faaŋ, harmattan season {tam}
tam-mɩɩru [h l l], lit. ‘mud builder’, def. tam-mɩɩruwa, pl. tam-mɩɩrɩŋ, def. pl. tam-mɩɩrɩba, mason (Ca, Sa)
tama [h l], def. tangka, pl. tama, def. tamaha, guess, hope, n. (Ca, Sa)
tamba [h h], (pl.), each other (Ba, Sa), similar (Na)
tambʋŋ [h lh], def. tambʋnni, pl. tambʋa, def. tambʋaha, mud ball for building (Sa, Ca) {tampigi} cf. tanti
tambʋsɩŋ [h l lh],(Ca), tembʋsɩŋ (Ba), tambʋsʋŋ, def. tambʋsɩbu, pl. tambʋsɩtɩ, def. tambʋsɩtɩtɩ, sand {tan-busung}
tampaŋ [h h], def. tampanni (sg. rare), pl. tampana, def. tampanaha, cylindrical drum played in a set of two (Da, Ba), talking drum(s), also for dancing; a nigi tampaŋ, to beat a drum {sampain, pl. sampana}
tan vaatɩ, ta vaatɩ [h h h], taŋ vaatɩ (leaves of shea-nut tree), see taaŋ vaaŋ
tan-nyʋg(ɩ)sɩŋ [h l l lh], def. tan-nyʋg(ɩ)sɩku, pl. tan-nyʋgɩsa, def. tan-nyʋgɩsaha, stone for polishing, e.g. fresh plaster (Sa), cf. taŋ (stone)
tandʋbʋa [h l h], def. tandʋbʋawa, pl. tandʋballi, def. tandʋballili, lit. ‘child of pestle’, pestle (Na), see tanduŋ
tanduŋ [h h], tonduŋ (Sa), def. tandunni, pl. tanduo, def. tanduohe, long pestle (Ca, Sa) {tandung}
tankiɛriŋ, tankiariŋ, def. tankiɛrika, pl. tankiɛra, cheek (Sa, Ba) {tapayiak, sg.} cf. taama and kaamiŋ
tankɔlɩŋ [h h lh], def. tankɔlɩbu, dust (Sa), cf. tantɩ
tantɩ [h h], (pl.), def. tantɩtɩ, sand, earth, soil, mud (Ca, Sa, Ba) {taung, pl. tanta}
tantuosi [h h l], (pl.), type of bird(s)
taŋ [h], teŋ, def. tanni, pl. tana, def. tanaha, stone (Ca), rock, mountain; taŋ yialiŋ (teŋ yialiŋ), white stone {tain, pl. tana, stone} cf. tan-nyugisiŋ
taŋ [h], (time), see tam
taŋ [hl], (other), see tamba
taŋ (shea-butter tree), see taang
taŋ [h], (brother, sister), see taa
taŋgʋʋŋ [h lh], def. taŋgʋvri, pl. taŋgʋʋsi (Ca), taŋgʋa (Sa), taŋgʋra (Ba), def. taŋgʋaha, trash heap, incinerator, rubbish heap {tampoi}
taŋgbaŋ [h h], tiŋgbaŋ, def. taŋgbanni, pl. taŋgbana, def. taŋgbanaha, earth-shrine and its spirit, Ca: land god {tanggbain, pl. tanggbana}
taŋgbaŋ-nembiŋ [h h l lh], def. taŋgbaŋ-nembike, pl. taŋgbaŋ-nembisi, def. taŋgbaŋ-nembisisi, lit. ‘bird of the earth-shrine’, Crested Lark, Galerida cristata (Da)
taŋkpɩaŋ [h h], def. taŋkpɩaka, pl. taŋkpɩasɩ, def. taŋkpɩasɩsɩ, Senegal Combassou or Indigo-Finch (male bird, cf. nchukpia saakpaŋ), Hypochera chalybeata (Da, Sa)
taŋyeeliŋ [h l lh], tanyɛɛliŋ, tanyieliŋ, def. taŋyeelibu, pl. taŋyeliti, def. taŋyelititi (Sa, Ca, Ba), ash, ashes {tampelem or tuntuem}
tarɩ [h h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to be silent, to keep quiet (Na, Ba)
tasi [h l], see tɩsɩ
tasɩ-woriŋ [h l h lh], tasɩ-woruŋ, def. tasɩ-worike, pl. tasɩ-worisi, def. tasɩ-worisisi or tasɩ-worihe, bowl without bottom used as a roof-finial (Sa, Da)
tasɩŋ [ ] def. tasɩka (Ca), tasɩrɩ (Sa), pl. tasɩsɩ, tasa, def. tasɩsɩsɩ, tasaha, bowl, dish, basin, headpan (not ceramic, e.g. made of aluminium, iron, enamel, plastic etc.) {taaseri}
teebuli [h l l], def. teebuke, pl. teebulisi, def. teebulisisi (lw. Engl.), table
teeli [h l], to be wide (Sa)
teeliŋ [h l], width (Sa)
teesi [l l], (to remember), see tiinsi
tego, tago, togo, def. tegoke, pl. tegosi, def. tegosisi, traditional long smock, often with long sleeves (Sa) {taguri}
tembiŋ [h l], def. tembike, pl. tembisi, def. tembisisi, mortar (Sa) {tuik}
tembʋsɩŋ (sand), see tambʋsɩŋ
tenduŋ (Sa), tanduŋ (Ca), def. tendunni, pl. tenduo, def. tenduohe, pestle {tandung}
teŋyɩalɩŋ, teŋyɩelɩŋ (ashes), see taŋyɩalɩŋ
tesiese [h h l], def. pl. midnight, cf. yuŋ (night)
tɩ [h], we, us; cf. tɩnɩng (emph.); tɩ sunsuŋ, among us {ti sunsung}
tɩ [h], our; tɩ hɔgu, our wife {ti}
tɩ-nan [h l], (root, branch), see tɩɩŋ naŋ
tɩa [h], p.a. -ya, to share (Ba, Sa), tɩasɩ, sharing
tɩa-chɔtɩŋ [h l lh], def. tɩa-chɔtvka, pl. tɩa-chɔtɩ, def. tɩa-chɔtɩtɩ, torn sleeping mat {ta-chiak}
tɩa-yɩɩŋ [h lh], (tɩaŋ, mat; yɩɩŋ, needle), def. tɩa-yɩɩrɩ, pl. tɩa-yɩɩma, def. tɩa-yɩɩmaha, long, traditional iron needle, used for sewing a mat (Da), cf. garɩ-yɩɩŋ
tɩagɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to pour; tɩagɩ daabu, to pour pito (Ba)
tɩalɩ [h l], tɩɛlɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to remain, to be left (Ca) {tali}
tɩalɩŋ [h l], def. tɩalɩbu, pl. tɩalɩsɩ, termite (Ca)
tɩaŋ [h l], def. tɩaka, pl. tɩasɩ, def. tɩasɩsɩ, sewn mat made of elephant grass, sleeping mat (associated with burials) (Da, Ba)
tɩaŋ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to pass (by), to surpass (Sa, Na), tɩaŋ ga, to (pass and) go {taam}
tɩbɩ [l l], p.a. -wa, to whip; to flog (Sa)
tɩbɩŋ [l lh], def. tɩbɩrɩ, pl. tɩba, def. tɩbaha, ear (Sa); tɩbɩ-bɩŋ, small ear {turi}
tieliŋ [h lh], (owner), see tieŋ
tɩensɩ (to remember), see tɩɩnsɩ, {tieri}
tieŋ [h], def. tieŋwo, pl. tieliŋ, def. tiel(iŋ)be, owner, possessor, master (Ba), person being responsible for sth., organizer; kumbu tieŋ, ‘owner’ (organizer) of the funeral (the most responsible person)
tieyiiŋ [h l], def. tieyiika, pl. tieyiima, def. tieyiimaha, sp. fish; Cromeria nilotica?
tigi-biŋ [h h lh], def. pl. small village (Ca, Sa) (see tiŋ, village)
tigi-kpɩɩŋ [h h h], town, city (Sa)
tigiŋ [h lh], def. tigiri, pl. tige, def. tigehe, house, compound, home, homestead (Ca, Ba, Sa)
tigiŋ hɔgu jakuuŋ [h lh h l h lh], def. tigiri hɔgu jakuuri, pl. tige hɔgu nyiŋkura, def. tigehe hɔgu nyiŋkuraha, most senior married woman of a compound (Ba)
tigiŋ jakuuŋ [h lh h lh], landlord, elder of a compound, cf. tigiŋ tieŋ
tigiŋ naagɩŋ [ ], def. pl. domestic cow
tigiŋ tieŋ [h lh h] family head, elder of a compound, house owner (Ba), cf. tigiŋ jakuuŋ
tɩɩ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to vomit (Na, Ca, Sa)
tɩ-kpaara [h h h], def. tɩ-kpaarɩ, pl. tɩ-kpaarɩsɩ, def. tɩ-kpaarɩsɩsɩ, earring (Sa) {tu-kpain} cf. tɩbɩŋ
tɩɩ-naŋ [h l], pl. tɩɩ-naŋsi, root, branch, cf. daagɩrɩŋ, roots in a medicine-shrine (Sa) {ti-nang}
tɩɩ-bɩaŋ [h l h], def. pl. evil tree (e.g. inhabited by witches) {ti-biok}
tɩɩ-daga [h h], def. pl. tɩɩ dagaa, carved wooden container; cf. daga (wooden box)
tɩɩgɩ [h l], to rub (Sa), tɩɩgɩŋ (v.n.) rubbing {tagi; tirigi}
tɩɩhaŋ [h l], def. tɩɩhagɩku, tɩɩka hagɩku, pl. tiihagiti, tiika hagiti, lit. ‘tree-shell’, bark (Ca, Sa)
tɩɩjʋalɩtʋ [h l l h], def. tɩɩjʋalɩtʋwa, pl. tɩɩjʋalɩtɩng, def. tɩɩjʋalɩtɩbe, tree climber, person who climbs a tree (Ca, Sa)
tɩɩnsɩ [l l], tɩensɩ, p.a. -ya, to remember
tɩɩntɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to stretch {tienti} cf. tiiri
tɩɩŋ [lh], def. tɩɩka, pl. tɩɩsɩ, def. tɩɩsɩsɩ, tree (Ca, Sa) {tiib, pl. tiisa}
tɩɩŋ [lh], def. tɩɩbu, pl. tɩɩtɩ, def. tɩɩtɩtɩi, medicine (Ca), fetish, ‘juju’ {tiim} tii-sɔb(i)liŋ, black medicine, made from charred wood or herbs, black concoction (Ba) {ti-sobluk} cf. maafa-tiiŋ (gunpowder)
tɩɩŋ sʋnsʋŋ [lh l l], def. tɩɩka sʋnsʋku, trunk of a tree (Sa)
tɩɩrɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to stretch (Ca), to make straight, to straighten {tieri, tienti} cf. tɩɩntɩ
tɩɩrɩ [h l], to spit out (Sa); cf. pʋʋsɩ taaŋ, v.
tiitii [h h], def. tiitiika, pl. tiitiisi, bird sp. (Ca), Senegal Fire Finch, Lagonosticta senegala ♀? (Da)
tɩka tieŋ [h h lh], def. tɩka tieŋwo, 1. head of the village; 2. placenta; cf. tiŋ and tieŋ
tɩkpara [h h h], deaf (Na) {tu-kpara}
tɩkpara [h h h], deafness; tɩkpara tieŋ, lit. ‘owner of deafness’, deaf person (Sa)
tileŋkpi [h l h], (Da: tilekpi), def. tileŋkpike, pl. tileŋkpisi, def. tileŋkpisisi, bird sp. (Ca, Sa); Grey Hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus (Da)
tɩmbalɩ [l h l], def. tɩmballɩ, pl. tɩmbala, def. tɩmbalaha, pot for serving soup, bowl (Sa, Na, Ba) {cheng} cf. Fig. 28:1-2
timiŋ [h lh], def. tinni (Ca), timiri (Sa), pl. time, def. timehe, spear, arrow, arrow-head
tin [h], tim, preverbal particle, ‘was’, ‘would’, indicating past tense? (Ca)
tɩnɩŋ [h l], tɩ, we (emph.) (Ca, Sa) {ti}
tɩŋ [h], def. tɩkka (Ca), tɩka (Sa), pl. tɩgɩsɩ, def. tɩgɩsɩsɩ, town, village; cf. tɩkka tieŋ {teng}
tɩŋ tieŋ [h h], (head of a village), see tika tieŋ
tɩŋgbaŋ [h h], def. tɩŋgbaŋka, pl. tɩŋgbaŋsɩ, def. tɩŋgbaŋsɩsɩ, region, country, land, earth, ground, soil, floor; village, nation (Sa, Ca) {teng} cf. taŋgbaŋ
tɩŋchɩaŋ [h h], lit. ‘bottom of village’, east (Sa), cf. syn. ŋmɩŋ pɔsɩkɩŋ
tɩŋlʋgɩŋ [h l lh], (no other forms), north or south, i.e. on both sides of the east-west axis (Sa), cf. lugiŋ (side)
tɩ sikpeŋ [h l h], west (Sa), cf. sikpeŋ (head; above)
tɩrɩ nɩŋtɔbɩtɩ [h l l h l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, lit. ‘to spit saliva’, to spit (Sa)
tisi [h l], tasɩ, tɛsɩ (Ca), p.a. -wa/-ya, to kick {tong}
tɩtaarʋ [h h l], def. tɩtaarɩwa, pl. tɩtaarɩŋ, def. tɩtaarɩba, thrower, shooter (Ca), cf. taaŋ, v.
to, (to take), see tuo; cf. nagi
togo (Ca), tego (traditional smock), cf. tago
tokoro [h h h], def. tokoroke, pl. tokorosi, def. tokorosisi, window (Ca)
tondʋabʋa [(pestle), see tandʋbʋa
tondʋŋ (pestle), see tanduŋ
tooliŋ [h lh], (Ca: tuuliŋ), def. toolike, pl. toolisi, def. toolisisi, carrying-pad, headpad (Sa, Da) {tuilik}
tɔba [l h], taba (pl.), def. tɔbaha, tobacco {taba}
tɔbɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to pierce, to stab (Ca, Sa) {chubi}
tɔba bie, tɔbie tobacco seeds (Ca, Sa), cf. tɔba, tobacco
tɔgʋ [l l], useless, see jatɔgu (useless thing)
tɔntaarʋ [l h h], def. pl. lit. ‘bow-thrower’, warrior (Ca)
tɔŋ [lh], def. tɔmbu, pl. tɔnti, 1. bow (Ca, Sa, Da), gori tɔmbu, lit. ‘dress the bow’, to fix the bow-string to make the bow ready for shooting 2. war (Ca, Sa, Na) {tom, bow; tugurik, war; tong, to shoot}
Tɔŋ ŋʋ [h l], Tallensi-shrine among the Koma; name for male or female persons (Ba) {tong}
tɔnyiiŋ [h lh], (nyiiŋ, ‘nail’), def. tɔnyiini, pl. tɔnyiima, arrow (Ca)
tu [l], (to dig), see tuu
tʋa [h], (usually with emph. miŋ), to be bitter {toa}
tʋaŋ [h], def. pl. tʋati, bitter (Ca), wild, harsh (Sa)
tugi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to put a container under another one, to collect (e.g.) a dripping liquid (Ba)
tʋgi [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to arrive, to reach a destination (Ca, Na), to go to – Wu kaan tʋgi u chualiŋ. He will not reach his fathers (i.e. he will not enter the ancestral world) {tuagi, to go to}
tugibie [h l h], def. pl. , def. pl. termite, white ant (Sa) {togi}
tʋgɩsɩ [h l l], to be straight, to make straight (Sa), cf. tɩɩrɩ and tuulɩ
tʋgʋŋ [h lh], (Ba: tʋgiŋ), def. tʋgʋri, pl. tʋga, def. tʋgaha (Ca), ant-hill, termite hill {togi, termites, kpatuok, termite hill}
tuguri [ ], to be bright (Ca)
tulime, tuluŋ [h lh], (Sa), to turn, to turn back – U tulime daaku. She is turning a stick (Ca), cf. syn. yiŋŋi
tuliŋ [h lh], p.a. -wo/-ye, to invert, to put upside down – U tuliŋ wo daaku. He put the stick upside down (Sa). {tulimbaziik, inverted}
tuluŋmu, def. tuluŋmi, pl. tulume, def. tulumehe, sp. fish; Gymnarchus? (Da, Sa), cf. nahoora tuluŋ
tʋntʋntʋ [h h h], (worker), see tʋtʋntʋ
tuŋ [h], def. tunni, pl. tuo, def. tuohe, small bean; tu-buura, beans for sowing {turi, pl. tue}
tʋŋ [hl], p.a. -ya, to send, tʋŋ kum, to announce a funeral {tom}
tuŋ [hl], p.a. -wo/-ye, to pay {tuni}
tʋŋ [hl], p.a. -ya, to work (Sa) {tom}
tʋnyaaŋ [h lh], green (Sa)
tunyaaŋ, Green Mamba? Dendroaspis viridis and Dendoaspis jamesonii (Da: not poisonous!)
tuo [l], (to dig), see tuu
tuo [h], p.a. -ye, (oracle fowl:) to fall chest upwards after being slaughtered for a sacrifice, to die with its chest up – Kpiaka toye. The fowl has fallen chest upwards (the sacrifice has been accepted).
tuo (pl., beans), see tuŋ
tuo [h], (Sa), to (Ca), to take, to collect, to get, to accept, to receive; tuo hamiŋ, to meet an obligation; tuo wabiŋ, to accept defeat (in wrestling) {tuesi}
tuo zaafi [h h l], def. pl. def.pl. (Hausa), T.Z., millet porridge, Kɔnni: saaŋ
tuoliŋ-kpaŋ [h l h], def, pl. def.pl. fresh or dried baobab leaves (for soup) {tuik, baobab}
tuoŋ [h], def. tuoke, pl. tuosi (Ca, Ba), tuoti (Sa), def. tuotiti (Sa), baobab tree {tuik}
tuoti, baobab-fruit {tiuuk} cf. tuoŋ
tʋpaya [l h h], def. tʋpayaka, pl. tʋpayasi, capsule of medicine (Ca) {tu-poak, empty baobab fruit-shell}
tusuŋ [l lh], pl. tuse or tusa, thousand (Sa, Ba), tuse-(a)niisa, four thousand {tusidi}
tʋtʋntʋ [h h h], def. tʋtʋntowa, pl. tʋtʋntiŋ, def. tvtʋntiba, worker (Ca, Sa) {tuin-tomroa; tuin-tomidik}
tʋtʋriŋ [h h lh], def. tʋtʋrika, pl. tʋtʋrisi, def. tʋtʋrisisi, fish sp. (Ca)
tʋtʋrʋ [ ], def. tʋtvrvwa, pl. tʋtvribe, def. tʋtʋribehe, digger, salima tʋtʋrʋ, gold digger, cf. tuu, v.
tʋʋ (to be hot), see tʋʋli
tuu, tuo, tuuli, p.a. tukwo, to dig (Ca, Na, Sa) {tu}
tʋʋli [l l], p.a. -ya, to be straight, cf. tʋgɩsɩ and tɩɩrɩ
tʋʋlɩ [ ], to be hot, warm, sick {tuila}
tʋʋlɩ [h l], to take down (Ca), cf. tʋliŋ
tuuliŋ [l h], headpad, carrying pad (Ca), see tooliŋ {tuilik}
tʋʋlɩŋ [h h], 2016: [h lh], def. tʋʋlɩbu, heat (Ca) {tuilim}
tʋʋma [l l], work (Sa) {tuin, pl. tuima}
tuuri [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to mark a line; tuuriŋ , v.n., marking a line (Ca)
tuusi, to pluck (Ca), cf. kpa

 

 

U

u, wu [h], he, she, his, her, one, one’s; u nuŋ, his mother; u nuuŋ, his arm (Ca), yaalɩ u juoŋ, to find one’s room; cf. wa, wʋnɩŋ {wa, o}

 

V

va [h], to spare (Ba) – Va wa! Spare him! (Sa)
vaa [h], va, p.a. -ya, to leave, to leave behind (Na, Sa), to drop – U vaa ka miŋ. He has left (dropped) it. {vari}
vaa [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to allow, to let (Sa)
vaa, p.a. -ya, to stop up (Sa)
vaa-looke [h h h], def. pl. def. pl. apron made of leaves or fibres, worn in the past by women (Da) {vaata}
vaaŋ [h], def. vaaku, pl. vaati, def. vaatiti, leaf (Sa, Ba) {viok, pl. vaata}
vahalɩ, def. vahallɩ, pl. vahala, def. vahalala, tree sp. (Ca)
vaŋ [h], def. vaku, pl. vag(i)si or vati, simple form of a xylophone consisting of two boards over a small pit (Da, Sa)
vara [h l], (Ca), vaari (Ba), p.a. -wa/-ya, to collect {vaari}
veeri keŋ [h l h], p.a. -ye, to come back (cf. syn. yiŋŋi keŋ)
vigi [h l], vii, viigi, vili, visi, to shake (Ca, Sa) {vingsi, vingti}
vigi, vugi, p.a. -wo/-ye, to throw {yugi, cf. vugi, to put on}
vii [h], vi, to repeat (Ca), transl. ‘again’ – Vi yuori fi nuaŋ (Ba). Open your mouth again. Cf. viiri (to return)
viige [h h], def. viigeke, pl. (rare) viigisi, def. viigisisi, black local soap (Sa)
viigi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to carry on the shoulder
vɩɩna [l l], to be beautiful, good, nice, pretty, proper – Ka vɩɩna. It is good. – Ka ka vɩɩna. It is not good. It is bad.
vɩɩnɩŋ [h l], (Na: veeng), def. vɩɩŋka, pl. vɩɩna, def. vɩɩnaha (Ca), good, beautiful, nice; nya-vɩɩnɩŋ, good water (Ba)
vɩɩŋ [l], pl. vɩɩtɩ, hut; nyu-vɩɩŋ, hut for storing yams (Ba)
viiri [h l], p.a. -ye, to return (Ca)
vɩɩrɩ [h l], to whip, to cane (Ba), to chastise (Sa),
viisi [h l], to revolve, to swing {viring}
visi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to fan (Ca), to blow (Sa)
vɩsɩga [h l h], to sift (Sa)
vivi [h h], def. pl. def.pl. shameful
vivɩɩ, shame, disgrace (Sa), cf. vivi, shameful {chiviri}
vogsi [h l], def. pl. sp. tree
voogi, to be alive
voosi [h l], voosiŋ, p.a. -ye, to rest, to breathe (Ca, Sa) {vuusi}
voosiŋ [h l], def. pl. def. pl. breathing, breath {vuusim}
votiŋ [h lh], voti, def. votike, pl. votisi, def. votisisi, awl (Da), long needle (Sa) {vuring, needle}
vɔrɩŋ [h l], (Ca, Ba), vorɩŋ (Sa), vorɩk (Ba), voruŋ, def. vɔruku, vorɩku, pl. vɔtɩ (Ca), vorɩtɩ, def. vɔrɩtɩtɩ, hole, grave, pit {voain, vorub}
vɔrɩ-bubkɩŋ [h h l l l], or vɔrɩ-sɔblɩŋ, ‘black grave’, grave for burying more than one person
vɔrɩŋ ligiŋ [l lh l lh], def. vɔrɩŋ ligiku, pl. vɔrɩŋ ligiti, def. vɔrɩŋ ligititi, lit. ‘covering a hole’, name of a broad hoe for digging a grave (Sa), cf. kuuŋ (hoe)
vʋarɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to choose (Sa, Ba)
vʋarɩ [lh l], p.a. -ya, to remove (Ba), to take out of (Sa), to deliver from {vaari}
vʋarɩ chʋara [lh l h l], lit. ‘removing taboos’, ritual that lifts the taboo for a bride to have sexual intercourse (Ba, Sa)
vʋarɩ juoŋ [lh l lh], to assign a room to a newly married wife (Ba)
vʋarɩ ʋ gbaŋ [lh l h h], to isolate oneself (Sa)
vugi [h l], to swing arms (Ca) {viring}
vʋnʋŋvʋnɩŋ [ ], def. vʋnʋŋvʋnʋka, pl. vʋnʋŋvʋnʋsɩ, def. vʋnʋŋʋnʋsɩsɩ, wasp (Sa) {vusung vuung}
vʋŋtʋŋ [l h], the day after tomorrow (Ca, Na) {vonung}
vuogɩ [h l], voogɩ (Sa), vuo (Ca), p.a. -ye, to be alive (cf. vuo, Ca) {vuugi}
vuoŋ, vooŋ, def. vuoke, pl. vuota (Ca), vuosi (Sa), def. vuosisi, person; vuo biaŋ, bad person (Ba)
vuo-sɔbiliŋ [h l l lh], def. pl. black man, African (Sa)
vuoŋ mana [h l l], everyone (Sa)
vuosi [h l], (people), see vuoŋ
vuugi [h l], to wriggle (Ca)
vʋʋna [h l], to grumble (Sa)

 

W

wa [h], him, her (Ca); cf. u, wu and wuniŋ
wa [h], (Na: wɔ), p.a. -ya, to call, to summon (Sa) – Kofi wana wa. Kofi called him/her. Cf. wɔsi and wasi {wi}
-wa [h], perfect aspect in a transitive clause (Ca)
wa fɩala [h l l], def. pl. cold season (Ba), cf. wu yɩaliŋ (dry season) and yɩbɩŋ (rainy season)
waa [h], now, then, at that time – U wa bɔba miŋ. S/he is now tying. (Ca)
waagɩŋ [h l h], def. waagɩrɩ, pl. wɩɩgɩ, snake, serpent (Na), Sa: Mampr. lw.; cf. javuukiŋ (more common) {waab, pl. wiiga}
waagɩŋ [h l], def. waagɩbu, pl. waagɩtɩ, fight, fighting; saagɩ wagɩŋ, to accept defeat
waakpɩɩŋ [h h], def. waakpɩɩŋka, pl. waakpɩɩtɩ, def. waakpɩɩtɩtɩ, python (Ca, Sa, Da), African Python or Rock Python, Python sebac (Da) {waa-kpiem}
waalɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to broadcast seed (Ca) {waali}
waaŋmɩnɩŋ [h l l], def. waaŋmɩŋka, pl. waaŋmɩna, def. waaŋmɩnaha, Red-lined Snake (Bothropthalmus lineatus) and/or African Beauty snake (Psammophis sibilans; Da: not poisonous)
waaraŋ [h l], def. pl. def. pl. aunt (Kp); cf. wara
waarɩ [h l], def. waaka, pl. waasɩ, def. waasɩsɩ (lw. Twi Owari?), a game (Ca, Sa), cf. syn. dara (more common)
waarɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to lack, to miss, to lose (Sa) {wari}
waasɩ [h l], (to greet, to thank), see wasɩ
waatɩ [h l], (coldness), see watɩ
wabɩŋ [h l], def. pl. def.pl. weakness, defeat – Tuo wabɩŋ! Accept your defeat! (in wrestling)
wagɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to fight (Sa)
-waɩ, awaɩ [h h], nine
walɩŋ [l h], 2016: [h h], def. walɩka, pl. walɩsɩ, def. walɩsɩsɩ, antelope (Ca, Na, Sa), Oribi (Da), Ourebia ourebi; Ba: reddish in colour, taller and faster than yisiŋ {walik}
walɩŋ [l h], 2016: [h l], def. walɩbu, sweat (Ca, Sa) {wulim}
walɩŋkpɩasɩ [h l h l], to be lazy (Sa) – U yaa walɩŋkpɩasɩ. He is lazy.
waŋ [ ], def. pl. wagiti, a type of vegetable (Ba), Hibiscus sabdariffa {wog, pl. wogta}
waŋ [h], (long), see wɔŋ
wara [h l], def. pl. def. pl. father’s sister (Sa, Ba), aunt (not MoSi, cf. nisa); cf. waaraŋ (syn.)
warɩ, gold, syn. salima (more common)
warɩŋ, def. warɩku (Ca), warɩka (Sa), pl. wara (Ca), warɩsɩ (Sa), brick, mud block
wasɩ, labour, n., work (Na)
wasɩ (Ca), waasɩ (Ba, Sa), p.a. -ya, to greet, to thank
wasi (to call), see wɔsi and wa {wi}
wasɩga [h l h], def. pl. food made from maize flour and other ingredients; dried porridge (Ca); common among the Koma, Mamprusi, Dagomba and others
watɩ [h l], waatɩ, def. (no pl.), cold (Ca), coldness – Watɩ yala wa (Sa). He feels cold (lit. ‘coldness is having him’).
watɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to split (Ca, Na)
weeli [h l], to warm oneself (Sa)
wensie (truth), see wusie
wɩ [h], wɩɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to blow an instrument (Ca); wɩ (wɩɩ) kantana, to produce music with horns (e.g. at marriage)
wɩa [h], (pl., problems), see wɩɩŋ
wɩari, p.a. -ya, to menstruate (Sa), to remain
wie [h], (pl., scarifications), see wing
wieli (Ca), weeli (Sa), to sit near fire
wɩɩ [h], p.a. -wa/-ya, to break (Sa, Na) {we}
wɩɩgi (pl., serpents), see waagɩŋ
wɩɩŋ [h h], def. wɩɩrɩ, pl. wɩa (Ca),wɩe, def. pl. wɩaha, matter, problem, affair; wiiŋ benne, sth. in the offing (Ca) {wari, pl. wie}
wɩɩŋ [h h], def. wɩɩka, pl. wɩɩsɩ, wooden flute, whistle (Ca, Da, Ba) {wiik}
wɩɩŋ, def. wɩɩku, pl. wɩɩtɩ, def. wɩɩtɩtɩ, type of antelope (Ba), Red-fronted Gazelle, Gazella rufifrons (Da), size of a donkey, male animal has horns (Ba) {ninang}
wɩŋ (sg. rare), def. wɩnnɩ, wɩka, pl. wɩe, wɩsɩ, def. wɩehe, wɩsɩsɩ, face and body mark, scarification (Ca); lɩatɩ wɩe, marks for women, nahaata wɩe, marks for men; a kpuori wɩe, to make (cut) scarifications {wie}
wɩwɩɩru [h h l], to flutter (Sa)
wo [h], it is – Wo ŋmiŋchibsi. It is a lie (lit. ‘it is lies’).
wo [h], to have not, to lack, to be naked (Ca, Na, Sa) – Ka wo diginti. It has no dirt (i.e. it is clean). Cf. wuori (to be not)
wogiŋ (chisel), see wugiŋ
wolɩŋ (sweat), see walɩŋ
woliŋ [h l], p.a. -ye, to be first (Ca) – N woliŋ be. I have taken the lead over them.
woŋ [h], already – U woŋ daga miŋ. S/he was already showing. (Ca)
wonde [h h], that is – Buawa wonde. That is the child. Cf. wonna
wonna [h l], (Sa), wunna (Ca), this is, here is – Buawa wonna. This is the child.
woogɩ (Nangurma), to perish, to make rotten (Na), cf. hʋʋgɩ {poagi}
woora (to stir), see wɔɔrɩ
woori [h l], open (Sa: yuoriŋ) – Ba: nua woore, lit. ‘open mouth’, evil talk, syn. nua tuaŋ
woori kuŋ [h l h], to announce a funeral {dari kuub}
wori [h l], (not to be), see wuori
wɔbu or wɔbu-wɔbu, def. weak person, poor person; a weak child = (Sa) {woboa}
wɔgɩrɩ, to be long (Ca)
wɔŋ [h], (Ca), waŋ (Sa), def. wɔŋku, waŋku, pl. wɔgiti, wagiti, long {wong} cf. jawaŋ
wɔɔrɩ, wɔrɩ, woora, p.a. -ya, to stir (porridge)
wɔsi [h l], (to call), see wasi and wa
wu, u, he, she; cf. wuning (emph.) and wa
wʋ-haalɩŋ [l h lh], (wɩɩng, ‘problem’, haalɩng, ‘new’), strange matters (Sa)
wʋ-yɩalɩŋ [l h lh], (Ba: wɩ-yalɩŋ), dry season (Sa) {wen karik} cf. wa-fiala
wubiŋ [h lh], wuubiŋ, def. pl. wu(u)be, def. wu(u)behe (Ba, Sa, Ca), liver
Wʋdana [l h h], Wʋrana, title of a chiefly office-holder; acting chief in absence of the chief
wugiŋ [h lh], wogiŋ, def. wugiri, pl. wugiti, chisel (Sa) {wok}
wuliwuli [h l h l], def. wuliwulike, pl. wuliwulisi, def. wuliwulisisi (Da), bird sp., Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu (Uraeginthus bengalus) and Abyssinian or Senegal Roller (Coracias abyssinica)
wʋnɩŋ [l l], (Ca, Sa), he, she (emph.); cf. ʋ, wa and wʋ
wunna, wonna. this is (Ca, Kp, Sa), here is; cf. wunde
wʋnsɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to make (Na: nwʋnsɩ), to perform
wunsiŋ [l lh], pl. wunsika (Ba), performance; kuŋ wunsikiŋ, funeral celebrations (Ba), cf. wuwunsiru, n.
wʋŋ [lh], woŋ, p.a. -ya, to hear, to listen, to understand – Ti wʋnya. We have heard (Ba). N wʋnna. I heard (it). {ti wom ya}
wʋŋ [lh], wʋmiŋ, to shave (Sa, Ba); wʋŋ sikpeŋ, to shave one’s head
wuori [h l], wori, not to be, not to be present, to be absent – Diginti wuori. There is no dirt (or sin).
wuriŋ [h h], p.a. -wo/-ye, to undress, to strip off, e.g. smock, clothes (Sa)
wusi, to waste time (Ca)
wusibing [h l l lh], def. pl. tamarind seed, tamarind fruit (Ca)
wusie [h h], wunsie (Sa), truth {wensie}
wusie [h lh], to be correct, true {cf. wensie, n.}
wusiŋ [h lh], def. wusike, pl. wuse, def. wusehe (Ca), tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) {pusik}
wʋtagbaŋ [l h h], def. wʋtagbanni, pl. wʋtagbana, def. wʋtagbanaha (Ca), lizard sp.
wuti [h l], to flower – Tiika wuti ming. The tree is flowering (Sa).
wutiŋ [h h], def. wutike, pl. wutisi, flower (Sa)
wutuliŋ (Ca), wutuluŋ (Sa) [h h lh], def. wutulike, pl. wutulisi, def. wutulisisi, large intestines, guts
wutuliniiŋ [ ], def. wutuliniiku, pl. wutuliniiti, colon (Ca), see also sutuliniiŋ
wuubiŋ (liver), see wubiŋ
wuuŋ [h], def. wuumbu, pl. wuune, def. wuunehe, genet (Ca)
wuuŋ sɔbɩlɩŋ [h l l l], def. wuuŋ sɔbɩlɩka, pl. wuuŋ sɔbɩla, def. wuuŋ sɔbɩlaha, genet, Genetta tigrina (Da, Sa)
wʋʋŋ ŋmɩnɩŋ [h l l], def. wʋʋŋ ŋmɩŋka, pl. wʋʋŋ ŋmɩna, def. wʋʋŋ ŋmɩnaha, Two-spotted palm civet, Nandinia binotata (Da, Sa)
wuuri [h l], to shell (Ca)
wʋʋsɩŋ, pl. wʋʋsa, rotten (Ca), cf. hʋʋgɩ [l l], to be rotten (Sa)
wʋʋtɩ, hʋʋtɩ [h l], (Sa), herbs {wuuk, pl. wuuta, grass}
wʋwɔsɩrʋ (Ca), wʋwasɩrʋ [l h l l], (Sa), caller, cf. wɔsɩ, v.
wʋwʋlɩtɩ [h l l l], def. pl. vapour
wʋwʋ(n)sɩrʋ [l h l l], def. pl. performer (Sa); cf. wunsikiŋ
wʋwʋntʋ [l h l], def. pl. barber (Sa)

 

Y

ya [h], still, yet (Ca)
-ya [h], -ye, particle of perfect aspect (Ca) {-ya}
yaa [h], or {yaa}
yaa [h], ya, yɛ, to have, to possess; yaa dɔŋsi, to possess animals (Sa); cf. yali
yaa keŋ [h hl], lit. ‘have and come’, to bring (Ca), to let come – Ta yaa alaafia a keŋ. And let good health come (prayer).
Yaaba [h h], def. pl. Tongo-shrine
yaabɩŋ [h lh], castrated; daa yaabɩŋ, castrated man (Sa, Ba) {yiering}
yaalɩ [h l], to find, to get; yaalɩ nyinti, to find things (Ba); yaalɩ u juoŋ, to find one’s room – yaalɩ nyaaŋ, to get water {yaali, to look for}
yaalɩ [h l], yaala, to like, to love, to want, to desire, to look for, to seek, to search; yaalɩ hɔgʋ, to court / have sexual intercourse with a woman (Sa, Ba) {yaali, to desire, to love}
yaalɩ tamba [h l h h], lit. ‘to desire each other’, to desire to be friends (boy-girl), to find each other (Ba, Sa)
yaaŋ [h], def. pl. bile, gall {yaam}
yabɩlɩaŋ [h l lh], def. yabɩlɩaku, pl. yabɩlɩatɩ (Ca), spleen? cf. yɩaŋ and yaaŋ; Sa: dabiliaŋ
yada [h h], (Hausa), belief (Ca) {yada, lw.}
yagɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to drive away, to chase (Sa) {yiagi}
yalɩ [h l], (Sa), yɛlɩ (Ca), ya, yaa, yɛ, p.a. -wa, to possess, to have, to hold (Sa), yalɩ keŋ, to bring (Ca); cf. yaa
yalɩ [h l], (Sa), p.a. -wa/-ya, to marry (woman a man) (Sa, Ba) {yali}
yalɩŋ [h h], (white), see yɩalɩŋ
yalɩta gbieŋ [h l h h], def. pl. hunting-shrine (Ba)
yalɩtɩ [h l l], to hunt (Sa) {yaalim}
yalɩtʋ [h l l], (Ca), yaltʋ (Sa, Ba), def. pl. yaltɩŋ, hunter {yaaloa}
yallɩ [h l], to sell (Sa)
yaltʋ, yalto (hunter), see yalitʋ
yanɩŋ [h lh], def. yannɩ, pl. yana, def. yanaha, frog (Ca), toad (Sa)
yaŋ [h], def. pl. yagti, clay, def. pl. (Ba, Sa)
yasi [h h], (sg. + pl.), def. salt (Sa) {yesiri, pl. yesa}
yasɩ [h l], (Ca: yɛsɩ), p.a. -wa/-ya, to carve, to hollow out (Sa)
yasɩŋ [h l], (Sa) def. yasɩka, pl. yasa, Frafra potato
yaya, hip (Ca) {yuok}
yayuoŋ [h h], def. yakuoke, pl. yayuosi, flying ant (Ca)
ye [h], particle of perfect aspect; cf. ya
ye [h], p.a. -wo/-ye, to see, to look (Ca, Sa) {nya}
ye [l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to get, to obtain, to receive (Sa) {yaali}
yeegi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to wear (clothes); yeegi nyiŋ yeeke, to put on clothes, to dress (Sa) {yi}
yeenti, to find out (Ca), e.g. by a diviner
yeesi see yese, to be awake (Sa)
Yegbiŋ, Yegbeŋ [h h], title of a chiefly office-holder; is in charge of dances and big meetings
yelɩ (to marry), see yalɩ
yeŋ [h], outside (Sa)
yese [h h], to be awake (Sa)
yesɩ (salt), see yasɩ
yesɩŋ (Ca), yasɩŋ (Sa), carving, cf. yasi [h lh], v.
yɛ (Ca), yia [h], (Sa), to be small (Ca)
yɛɛlɩŋ (white), see yɩalɩŋ
yɛnti, to be white, see yɩantɩ,
yɛsɩ (to carve), see yasɩ
yɛsɩŋ (Ca), yasɩŋ [h l], (Sa) def. yɛsɩka, pl. yɛsa, Frafra potato see yaliŋ
yɩ [h], yɩɩ, if, cf. syn. dɩ
yi [h], (to be), see yiwo
yi [h], to form (Sa)
yi [h], yii, to make, to do (Ca) – Ba ka siba ta yii. They did so without knowing. {nye}
yɩ [l], yɩɩ, p.a. -wa/-ya, to give, to give out, transl. ‘for’, yɩ (yɩɩ) bua saaŋ, to name (give a name to) a child (Ba) – Ŋmɩŋ ka yɩ tɩ. God does not give (us). – Ni kpaŋŋi yɩ wa! Push for her! {te}
yi [h], yii, p.a. -wo/-ye, to put into (Na, Sa)
yɩ [ ], to answer, to respond (Na)
yɩalɩŋ [h lh], yɛɛlɩŋ (Ca), yɩɛɛlɩŋ, yɩɛalɩŋ (Ba), yɩelɩŋ, def. yɩalɩka (e.g. jayɩalɩka, a white thing), yɩalɩbu (e.g. tan-yɩalɩbu, ash), pl. yɩala, yala, yɛɛla, def. yɩalaha, yɛɛlaha; white, light, bright, kpa-yɩialɩŋ, white fowl {pielik}
yɩantɩ [lh l], yɛnti, to be white, to become white (Ba); cf. yɩalɩŋ, adj.
yɩaŋ [lh], def. intelligence, sense {yam}
yɩaŋ, spleen (Na) {yaam, gall} cf. yaaŋ and yabɩlɩaŋ
yɩbɩ [l l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to scratch (Sa)
yɩbɩŋ [h h], def. yɩbɩka, (Ca: yɩbuku), pl. yɩbɩsɩ (Ca: yɩbɩtɩ), def. yɩbɩsɩsɩ, crocodile (Sa, Kp)
yibiŋ [h lh], lamb (Sa), cf. yising, sheep
yɩbɩŋ [l lh], wet (rainy) season
yɩbɩŋ [h h], def. yɩbɩka, pl. yɩbɩtɩ, cane (Ca)
yɩelɩŋ (white), see yɩalɩŋ
yigi [h h], def. pl. def. pl. hook (Sa)
yigi [h h], to catch, to hold (Ca, Na, Ba, Sa); yigi hɔgu, to kidnap a woman; hɔgu yikiŋ, kidnapping a woman; yigi boliŋ, to catch fire, to be on fire – Juoku yigi wo boliŋ. The room caught fire. The room is on fire. {yigi}
yigi fʋgbaŋ [h h l h], lit. ‘catch yourself’, control yourself {yig fidek, ‘catch yourself’, ‘be careful’}
yigi nyuuti [h h l h], lit. ‘to catch belly’, to be pregnant
yigi boliŋ [h h h lh], p.a. -wo/-ye, to catch fire, to burn, cf. dii boliŋ (to burn)
yɩɩ [h], def. yɩɩwa, pl. yɩɩsɩ, def. yɩɩsɩsɩ, blind person (Ca, Sa) {yie} cf. yɩɩŋ, v.
yɩɩ [lh], def. yɩɩku (sg. rare), pl. yɩɩsɩ, def. yɩɩsɩsɩ, blindess (Ca) {yiisa}
yɩɩ [h], (to give), see yɩ
yɩɩbɩŋ [h lh], def. pl. yɩɩba, twin (Sa); yɩɩba gbieŋ, twin-shrine {yibsa}
yiigiŋ [h h], def. yiikka, pl. yiigisi, def. yiigisisi, tree sp. (Ca, Da, Sa), Terminalia sp. (Da) {pogi}
yɩɩma [h l] (nails), see yɩɩŋ
yɩɩŋ [lh], to be blind (Sa), cf. yɩɩ, n. {yi}
yɩɩŋ [lh], def. yɩɩrɩ, pl. yɩɩma, def. yɩɩmaha, arrow, nail (Ca, Sa, Ba), lance, spear (Sa) {pein}
yɩɩŋ kaaŋ [lh h], def. pl. yɩɩŋ kaati, shaft (stalk) of an arrow
yiiriŋ [h lh], def. yiirike, pl. yiirisi, fish sp. (Ca), Alestes sp.? (Da)
yiiri(ŋ) yʋalɩŋ [hl lh lh], def. yiiri(ŋ) yʋalɩŋka, pl. yiiri(ŋ) yʋala, def. yiiri(ŋ) yʋalaha, fish sp., Clupisudis? Papyrocranus? Xenomystus? (Da)
yɩɩsɩ (pl., blindness), see yɩɩ (sg.)
yɩlɩ, def. yɩllɩ, pl. yɩla, def. yɩlaha, song {yiili, pl. yiila}
yɩlɩ, def. yɩllɩ, pl. yɩla, def. yɩlaha, horn of an animal (Sa, Da) {nyiili}
yili, p.a. -ye, to think (Sa); cf. yitama
yɩlɩ-chɩarʋ, def. yɩlɩ-chɩarʋwa, pl. yɩlɩ-chɩarɩŋ, def. yɩlɩ-chɩarɩba, lit. ‘song-cutter’, singer (Ca)
yiniiŋ [l lh], (yisiŋ, ‘sheep’; niiŋ, ‘female’), def. yiniiri, pl. yiniiti, def. yiniititi, ewe, female sheep (Sa); cf. yiraaŋ
yiŋŋi [h l], p.a. -wo/-ye, to turn around, to return, to get back (Sa), yiŋŋi keŋ, to come back (cf. syn. veeri keŋ)
yiŋŋi balɩ [h l h l], lit. ‘to return and say’, to answer (Sa)
yɩraaŋ [h lh], (yisiŋ, sheep; raaŋ, male ), def. yɩraaka, pl. yɩraasɩ, def. yɩraasɩsɩ, ram (Sa); cf. yiniiŋ
yiri [l l], (no other forms, ideophone), transl. ‘many types’, ‘different types’ – Lorisi yaa yiri-yiri. Lorries have different types. There are different types of lorries.
yiri [ ], p.a. -ye, to bloat (e.g. stomach), to become bloated, to swell (Ba)
yiri-sɔbiliŋ [l l l l lh], (sɔbiliŋ, dark), def. yiri-sɔbilika, pl. yiri-sɔbila, def. yiri-sɔbilaha, fish sp., Tilapia sp.? (Da)
yiri-yialiŋ [l l h lh], def. yiri-yialika, pl. yiri-yiala, def. yiri-yialaha, fish sp., Ctenopoma kingsleva? (Da)
yiri-yoaliŋ or yiri-yualiŋ, def. yiri-yoalika, pl. yiri-yoala, def. yiri-yoalaha, fish sp., Tilapia sp.? (Da)
yɩsa [h h], pl. yɩsamba, mother’s elder or younger brother, maternal uncle (Sa, Ba) {ngesoa, MoBr} cf. yisiŋ
yusuŋ [l h], 2016: [h lh], def. yusike (yusuku), pl. yuse, def. yusehe, antelope sp., duiker (Ca); Red-flanked Duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus and/or Grey Duiker, Common Duiker, Cephalophus (Sylvia) grimmia (Da), Ba: size like a goat {yisik}
yisiŋ [l lh], def. pl. yisiriŋ, sister’s son or daughter (Sa, Ba), nephew (not BrSo) {ngesing} cf. yisa
yisiŋ [h h], 2016: [h lh], def. sheep
yɩtama [l h h], to think (Ca), to have hope (Sa); cf. yili
yiwo [h h], to be – Be yiwo bulie. They are two (Ca). Cf. yi-
yi yɔri [h l l], to do nothing, to idle, to be nothing (Sa)
yiyuoritu [h h l l], def. pl. opener (Ca), cf. yuori, v.
yobinuŋ bird sp., Chestnut-and-Black Weaver, Cinnamopteryx castaneofuscus (Da)
yɔbɩlɩŋ [l l lh], (Da: yuabɩlɩŋ), def. yɔbɩlɩka, pl. yɔbɩla, def. yɔbɩ, Protopterus? Polypterus? (Da) {yibili, Citharinus citherus?}
yɔbɩŋ [l lh], def. yɔbɩka, pl. yɔbɩsɩ (Na: yɔbtɩ), def. yɔbɩsɩsɩ, elephant (Sa) {yauk}
yɔbɩŋ nyɩŋ [l lh lh], def. yɔbɩŋ nyɩnnɩ, pl. yɔbɩŋ nyɩna, def. yɔbɩŋ nyɩnaha, ivory (Sa)
yɔbɔ, pl. yɔbti, falcon (Na)
yɔgɩtɩŋ [l l h], def. yɔgɩtɩrɩ, pl. yɔgɩta, def. pl. yɔgɩtaha, rafter (Ba)
yɔlɩmbɩŋ [l l lh], (yɔlɩm, ‘scrotum’, bɩng, ‘seed’), def. yɔlɩmbɩnnɩ, pl. yɔlɩmbɩe, def. yɔlɩmbɩehe (Ca), testicle
yɔlɩmiŋ [l l lh], def. yɔlɩnnɩ, pl. yɔlɩma, def. yɔlɩmaha, scrotum (Ca), testicles (Sa) {cf. yoari, penis}
yɔmʋ [l l], yɔmo, def. yɔmʋwa, pl. yɔnsi, def. yɔnsisi, slave (Sa), yoŋ dembiŋ, male slave {yomoa}
yɔŋ-dembiŋ [l h lh], def. yɔŋ-dembike, pl. yɔng-dembisi, def. yɔŋ-dembisisi, male slave, yɔŋ-hɔgu, female slave (Sa)
-yɔɔba, ayɔɔba [h l l], six {-yuebi}
yɔɔgɩŋ [l l], yɔɔgɩ, yɔɔgɩtɩeŋ, see yuagɩ, yuagɩŋ, yuagɩtɩeŋ
yɔɔrɩ [l l], (to fetch), see yuarɩ
-yɔpoi, ayɔpoi [h l h], seven {-yuepoi}
yu (night), see yuŋ [h]
yʋa [h], (Ca: yʋwa), to be far (Sa) {yalima, yalingi}
yuabiligbeeri [h l l h l], def. yuabiligbeerika, pl. yuabiligbeeriti, def. yuabiligbeerititi, fish sp.; Gnathnemus sp.? (Da) {yibili, Catharinus citherus}
yʋagɩ tieŋ [h l h], yɔɔgɩ tɩeŋ, def. yʋagɩ tɩeŋwo, pl. yʋagɩ tɩeliŋ, def. yʋagɩ tɩelɩbe, sick person (Sa)
yʋagɩ [h l], yɔɔgɩ, to be ill, to fall ill (Sa) {yuagi}
yʋagɩŋ [h lh], yɔɔgɩŋ, def. pl. yʋagɩtɩ, yɔɔgɩtɩ, def. pl. sickness (Sa), cf yuagɩ tieŋ (sick person)
yʋaŋ [h], def. yʋaku, pl. yʋati, def. yʋatiti, fish sp., Nannocharax sp.? (Da)
yʋarɩ (Ca), yɔɔrɩ (Sa), p.a. -wa, to fetch, to draw; yʋarɩ buuŋ, to fetch a shrine (from another lineage, Ba); yɔɔrɩ nyaaŋ, to draw water (Sa) {yaali}
yʋasɩ [h l], to delay, to keep long – Fi yuasɩya mɩŋ. You have delayed.
yʋgɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to jump, to leap (Sa) {yogi}
yʋgɩ gasɩ [h l h l], to leap over (Sa)
yʋgɩ nyɩŋ [h l lh], to jump out of (Sa)
yʋgɩ [h l], p.a. -ya, to weave, to plait (Ca) {yogi}
yuli, yoli [h l], def. yulli, pl. yule, def. yulehe, hole in tree (Ca) {yuoli}
yʋŋ [h], (Na: yu, Ba: yʋŋaŋ), def. yʋkku, pl. yʋgiti, def. yʋgititi (Ca), night, evening {yok, night}
yʋŋ [h], def. pl. def.pl. witchcraft (Ba)
yʋŋ [h], to practise magic or witchcraft (Sa)
yʋŋ(ŋ)aŋ vuoŋ [h h lh], def. yʋŋaŋ vuoke, pl. yʋŋaŋ vuosi, def. yʋŋaŋ vuosisi, lit. ‘night person’, witch, wizard
yʋŋ(ŋ)ayɩɩsɩ [h h l l], def. pl. def.pl. River Blindness (Sa)
yuoŋ [h], def. yuoku (Ca), yuoke (Sa), pl. yuoti, def. yuotiti, monitor lizard {yuk, Varanus niloticus?}
yuoŋ [l], def. yuoku, pl. yuoti, leather bag, e.g. for flour; gbaaniŋ yuoŋ, leather bag of the diviner (Ba, Sa) {yui}
yuori [h l], (Ca), yoori, to open (Ca, Na); yuori vɔri kuuŋ, to open an old grave – Vii yuori fi nuaŋ. Open your mouth again.
yuoriŋ [h l], def. , pl. open (adj.); nua yuoriŋ, open mouth, cf. yuorikiŋ
yuorikiŋ, opened (Ca)
yusuŋ (duiker), see yisiŋ
yʋʋrɩ [h l], p.a. -wa/-ya, to remove bark, to strip off fibre, to flay (Ca) {yieri, ‘remove’}
yʋyʋgʋrʋ [l l l l], def. yʋyʋgʋrʋwa, pl. yʋyʋgʋriŋ, def. yʋyʋgʋriba, weaver (Sa), cf. yʋgi, v.

 

Z

zaa [h], (pl., millet), see zaŋ
zaa-bʋrɩŋ [h l lh], pl. zaa-bʋra, za-bʋʋra (Sa), def. zaa-bʋraha, millet reserved for sowing, cf. tu-bʋʋra, beans for sowing (Sa, Ca) {za-buuri}
zaapoŋ [h h, (hedgehog), see zampuŋ
zaasɩŋ [h lh], zasɩng, def. za(a)sɩbu, pl. zaasɩtɩ, fish sp. (Na, Sa, Ca)
Zabagɩsɩ [h h l l], Gonja (people); for sg.: Zabagɩsɩ dawa
zagɩsɩŋ [h l lh], to itch (Sa) {zagi}
Zambarɩmɩŋ [h h l l], (sg. rare), pl. Zabarɩma, member of the Z. ethnic group, also called Djerma, Zerma, Dyerma – U yiwo Zambarɩmɩŋ. He is a Za(m)barima.
zampuŋ (Ca), zaapoŋ (Da, Sa), def. zampukku, zaapoku, pl. zampugiti, zaapogiti, def. zampugititi, zaapogititi, hedgehog, West African Hedgehog, Erinaceus albiventris (Da) {yueng peng}
zanbachaga [h h h h], def. zanbachaka, pl. zanbachagisi, def. zanbachagisisi, fish sp.; Hydrocynus? (Da)
zaŋ [h], (sg. rare), pl. zaa, millet, sorghum (Ca), general name for all types of millet, including naara (Sa) {za}
Zaŋbiesi [ ], (pl.), sing. rare: Zaŋbiaŋ [ ] def. sing. def.pl. (Mampr. lw., Koma usually call them Hausa), Hausa
zasiŋ [h l], (fish sp.), see zaasiŋ
ze [h], (to stand), see zie
zeti [h h], p.a. -ye, to refuse (Na, Ba, Sa) {zeri}
zeti chʋrʋ [h h h l], to refuse or divorce a husband
zeti hɔgʋ [h h h l], to refuse or divorce a wife {zeri, refuse}
zɩ [h], not know (Ca, Na) – Tɩ zɩ wa. We do not know him (Ba) {ze}
zɩa [h], p.a. -wa, to insult, to abuse (Sa)
Zɩama [h l], proper name of a shrine (Ba)
zie [h], zieli, to stand (Ca), to stand up (Sa); zie ŋminsi kpeŋ, to stand erect (Ba) {za}
zɩɩgɩŋ [h lh], (Ca), zɩgɩŋ (Sa), pl. zɩga, zɩɩga, pole, post, stilt {zangi}
zɩnzʋŋ [l lh], (maggot), see zʋnzʋŋ [l l]
zɩŋ [lh], def. zɩmbu, pl. zɩntɩ, def. zɩntɩtɩ, blood (Ca, Sa) {ziim}
zɩŋbaaŋ [h h], def. zɩŋbaaka, pl. zɩŋbaasɩ, def. zɩŋbaasɩsɩ, Striped Hyena, Hyaena hyaena (Da)
ziŋe [h l], (pl.), def. pl. ziŋehe, gravel (Ba) {zingi}
zoŋ [h], zuŋ, zɔm, def. zombu, pl. zonti, def. zontiti, flour (Ca); zuŋ (zoŋ) nyaaŋ, millet water (water with millet flour) {zom}
zooŋ [h], (Sa), zuuŋ (Ca), zuoŋ, def. zooke, pl. zoosi, zuusi, zuosi, hair of the head; cf. kɔbiti, hair on body; wuŋ zoosi, to shave hair; zuo tuati, lit. ‘bitter hair’: a ritual state {zuik, pl. zuisa}
zoosi (Yikp.), zim (Nangurma), to polish, to rub (Na); cf. nyugisi
zɔlɩŋ [l lh], def. zɔlɩku, no pl., poverty
zɔlɩŋ tieŋ [l lh h], def. zɔlɩŋ tieŋwo, pl. zɔlɩŋ tieliŋ, def. zɔlɩŋ tielibe, lit. ‘owner of poverty’, poor person – U yiwo zɔlɩŋ tieŋ. He is poor (Sa).
zʋa [h], def. zʋawa, pl. zʋaling, def. zʋaliba, friend (Ca) {doa}
zʋgɩtɩ [h l l], def. bellows of the blacksmith {zukta}
zʋnzʋgtɩ (pl.), reins
zʋnzʋŋ [l l], (Ca), zinzʋŋ, def. zʋnzʋnni (sg. rare), pl. zʋnzʋa, def. zʋnzʋaha, maggot (Ca, Ba) {nangzuri}
zuŋ (Ca), see zoŋ (Sa), (millet water)
zʋosi, to shave (hair) carelessly, cf. wʋŋ (to shave)
zuuŋ [lh, Ca], def. zuuku (Ca) or zuuke, pl. zuti (Ca), zuusi (Sa), def. zutiti (Ca), vulture (Ca, Na, Sa, Kp)
zuuŋ, zuoŋ (hair) see zoong
zʋʋrɩ [l l], p.a. -ya, to bend down, to bow (Ba)
zuzuguŋ, def. zuzukku, pl. zuzugiti, def. zuzugititi (Ca), Sa: zuzuŋ [l lh], def. zuzuke, pl. zuzugiti, def. zuzugititi, lungs {zuzuk}

English – Konni

Buli term in {} brackets; Y: Yikpabongo (dialect), N: Nangruma (dialect); in the alphabetical order ŋ is treated in the same way as ng. – Salifu’s list can be recognized by the missing italization of the Konni words, they are preceded by 3 spaces. in Salifu’s list open i and u are marked by the circumflex î, û.

 

English – Kɔnni

 

A

abomination, chosiŋ
above sikpeng
abscess naring
abstain from sth on magical grounds chɔɔri
accept, toye E7
accompany, suŋ (un) (Naden), beeli
add, guuti (Naden); add nagi a guti
adjoin nagi zieng dagaang
adjucate (on a complaint), a dii saria (E)
adultery cleansing ritual, membeŋisi, {kambong}
adze, lee-n (Naden)
afternoon, kaan (Naden), ngmuntuasi (Cahill)
agamen?, gura-n/gurasi (Naden)
age group, liati saaŋ; chanchaaliŋ
agree, saagi (Naden)
akpeteshie, alcoholic drink, daang (Cahill)
alcoholic drink dahagiring
alien n., jujuuru, E
alive, be -; vuo (Cahill)
all, mana (Cahill, Naden), Tah: a mana
all mana
alligator yuong
allow, taaŋ E2, vaa
Almighty God, naabidie ŋmiŋ, {naawen}
also angang, diang?
among us, ti sunsuŋ (Naden), {ti sunsung}
ancestor, kpiiling (Cahill)
ancestor-name for a child. guardian spirit sigiŋ, sigitieŋ, {segi}
ancestral spirit(s), kpiiliŋ; kpiili tigiŋ, {kpilima, ancestors}
and, angang (Cahill)
angle
ankle
animal, dɔŋ/dɔŋsi (Naden)
animal, “fox”, (fk: mangoose?), juaŋ, {juik, mungo, mangoose}
animal of the bush, sibiŋ, {sebik? = Alcelaphus buselaphus or Bubalis major, Hartebeeste}
animal dɔng
announce the funeral, a woori kuŋ, {dari kuub}
answer, yi(wa) (Naden); yiŋŋi bali
ant, ŋmicicim-ŋ/ŋmiciciminsi (Naden)
ant kpachoong
ant-hill, tuguŋ, {togi, termites, kpatuok, t.-hill}
ant-lion kwoonggbaang (Cahill)
antelope sp., yising (Cahill)
antelope, horse-antelope., wee-ŋ (Naden)
antelope sp. , wal-ŋ (Naden)
antelope, pɔkɔl-ŋ (Naden)
antelope, kob, kam/kibi (Naden)
antelope haambiing
anthill kachoong
anus, chafing (Cahill), cafi-ŋ/cɛfio-vɔrɔ (Naden), chafiing
apologise, pacify, a nigi
apology, ni puoŋ, {nipuuk, thanks, clapping}
appelation, biisiŋ, E
approach, gbigi (Naden)
apron, gar-n/gatti (Naden)
aquatic animal nyaang nyinti
arm, nuu/nuusi (Naden); nuung
armpit, bulo-ŋ / bulɔgti (Naden); bulung

armpit-drum lôŋe,
around giling
arrangement (spec.), sugiŋ
arrive, tugi (Naden); keng tugi
arrow, yii-ŋ/yiima (Naden); yi!ing (Cahill), tônyiiŋ
arrow yiing
as siba
ascend, joo (Naden)
ash(es), tanyeeling/tanyeeliti (Cahill), tenyieliŋ, tan-yeel-ŋ (Naden){tampelem or tuntuem, ashes}
ash heap (in front of the compound), taŋguŋ, {tampoi}
ask, be (Naden)
ask, peesi (Naden), piesi (Cahill), ask (question) piasi
ask for juusi, juusi (Cahill)
assemble, laŋ /laŋsi (Naden)
at, ma (Cahill)
at all, pali (Cahill)
attempt, sansi
attend to a patient daansi
attire, burial a., logiti E
aunt, wara
aunt, nisa, {ngesing, nephew}
avoid sth on magical grounds chɔɔri
axe, leeng, liang (Cahill), lee-n (Naden), lieeŋ, {liak} liang

B

baboon, faang (Cahill), faa-ŋ /faati (Naden)
baboon ngmaachakali
baby, bɔnyaalɔŋ/bɔnyalsi (Naden), buangyaaling
bachelor, daa kpaŋ, {dakoak}
back of hand, nuukuang (Cahill)
back of head, kpaang / kpara (Cahill)
back n., kowaa/koosi (Naden), koong /koosi (Cahill), kuang
bad leg, bad luck, naabiaŋ, {nambiak}
bad, biang/biati (Cahill), -bee-n/-beeti (Naden)
baft, grey baft, kaliko? alikodo
bag, borga (Naden), leather bag, yuoŋ E, gbaaŋ yuoŋ Bu
bag baagi
bags, billoga; booresi (Cahill)
Bambara beans, siimi, pl., E
banana, kodu (Twi)(Cahill), kɔdu (Naden)
baobab tree, tuoŋ, pl. tuusi (Naden), tuu-ŋ/tuusi (Naden), tuong (Cahill), {tuik, baobab}
baobab-fruit, /tooti (Naden)
bark, hang/hagiti (Cahill)
bark, gbeeb-ŋ /-gbɛbti (Y), /ŋabti (TN), -pagsi (B) (Naden)
bark tiika hagiti
barn: mud barn, bmboŋ E; straw barn, nepo, neupo or nepuo, E

basket, kpar-n/kparsi (Naden)
basket woven with sticks, sugiŋ
basket, jokworing (Cahill)
basket kparing
bastard, daa kpana bua; balli
bat, jinjaam-ŋ /jinjaama (Naden), jingjaaming
bath v., si (Naden), a sii, {suu, suuri}
bathe, shii (Cahill)
bathe sii
be (loc.), bee (Cahill)
be able biagi
be close to gbigi
be cool giali
be equal (to) muu tang
be fat nari
be frightened gaang
be full suuli
be ill yuagi
be lazy walingkpiasi
be left behind vaa wa tang kuang
be proper viina
be sharp diie
be soft ka hagiri
be straight tugisi
be tabu
be tired gbaligi
be wet fiali
bead liiti
beads, koofi
bean tuo
beans, brown b., kpawaga E
beans, tuo (Naden), white beans, tuo, E15
beans, siime, shiime (Cahill), see Bambara beans
bear, miiri (Naden)
beard, biteenN-/biteensi (Naden)
beard bitiezoosi
beat, ŋmiga (Naden)
beat the floor, a kusi ziŋe, {zingi, gravel}
beat, nag, nigi (Naden), beat the drums, a nigi tamaŋ, {nagi, to beat}
beat in drumming (type), bafantua
beat nigi
beautification marks for women, liati wie, {wie, ornamental marks}
beautification marks for men, nahaata wie
beautiful, vee-ŋ /-veena (Naden)
beautiful, to be beautiful, veena (Naden)
beautiful biina
because dama
become lean kɔgili
become full suuliye
become satisfied chgiya
become cool wati yalla wa
become strong hagiring
become dry kuya
bed gado
bee, síébíng / siebie (Cahill), see-bi-ŋ /seesi (Naden)
beer, daaŋ (Naden), daang
beetle, dung ~, bìn-dúdù (Cahill)
before, in front of (face), ning (Naden)
beg juusi
beget, miiri (Naden)
begin, koon (Y), piili (N) (Naden); piili
behind kuang
belief, yada (Haussa) (Cahill)
belly, nyoote/- (Cahill), -/nyooti (Naden)
bellynyuuti
bellywise, a kpibi
belt, cia/ceesi (Naden)
bench benchi (adopted)
bend, down, zuuri, E14
beni-seed
beside, jig-n; logo (Naden)
between, sunsun (Naden)
between sunsung
be, v., yi (wo) (Naden)
bewitch nyungangvuosi yigine wo
bicycle, saakri (Ang.), ceceesi (Ha) (Naden)
big, to be big, kpeem- (Naden)
big, fat kpiing/kpiima (Cahill), kpee-ŋ/kpeema (Naden), big things, ying-kpiima (Cahill)
big jakpengkpiing
bile, ya(a) (Naden)
bin, nepo (Cahill)
bind, bɔbi (Naden)
bird, sangkpang (Cahill)
bird, nembing/nembisi (Cahill), nim-bi-n/nimbisi (Naden)
birth, maariŋ, to give birth, miiri (Naden), maaring
bit by bit, peu-à-peu, bitabita, (Naden)
bite, dung (Cahill), don (Naden)
bitter: to be bitter, tɔ- (Naden)
bitter, tuaŋ, E14
bitter nyingtuati
black: to be black, sabl- (Naden)
black, sobiling/sobila (Cahill), -sabl-n/-sabla (Naden)
black thing, ja-yɛliŋ (Naden)
black jasobiling
black man vuongsobiling
blacksmith’s workshop, chakatu /chakutiŋ, E, chaang
bladder sunsongkooling
blind, yii /yiisi (Naden)
blindness, yii (Cahill)
bloat (e.g. stomach), a yiri,
blood, zing/zinti (Cahill), zin /zimba, (Naden), {ziim, blood}
blow, foosi; fuusa (Cahill)
blow visi
blow (of mouth) foosi
blue jasobiling
blunt, dull ka ka diie
boar
boat, hááring, harti (Cahill), boats, harti (Naden)
boat haaring
body, -/niŋgbana (Na), sick body, nyiŋ gbaŋ tuula, E
body nyingbaaning
body hair kɔbiti

boil, bovaa (Cahill)
boil digi
bone, kwabing, kobing/koba (Cahill), kob-n/koba (Naden), kɔba (pl.), {kobi, pl. koba}
bone kɔbing
book gbaning
border on nuang
born, to be born, miiri (Naden)
borrow pangngi
bosom, biis-n/biisa (Naden)
bottom, cekulli/cekuli (Naden)
boubou, togo (Naden)
bow, toŋ /tonti (Naden)
bow tong
bow zuuri
bowl, timballi/timbala (Naden)
bowl, kuruba (Cahill)
box for tobacco, bat-ŋ (Naden)
box, dake, (Hausa?) (Cahill), daka (Naden)
boy, haaga/haasi (Y) (Naden)
boy, nahadiiru/nahadiirin (Naden)
boy, dawa/dabibiŋ (Naden)
boy dembibing
bracelet
brain kpalingbuuti
brains, -/kpalam-peetti (Naden)
branch tiing nang
break, wi (Naden)
break, a poosi
break wii
breast, chest, nyu-n/nyura (Naden)
breast, female biesing, bìisíng/biesa, bììsá (Cahill), biisa
breathe, voosim (Naden); voosi
brew, digi (Naden)
brick, war-ŋ/wara (Naden)
bridal service(s), haniiti, hamiti?
bridegroom hɔguhaalu
bright chaaning
bring forth, miiri (Naden)
bring up daansi
broom, sung (Cahill), siŋ /sinti (Naden)
brother in-law, chìì-dèmbíng
brother, sister (of a man), taa / taŋ, E1, {toa}
brother nimbua
brothers and sisters-in-law, chiiliŋ, pl. chii, {chichambiik}
brothers, uterine, mumballi, E21
buck, bitali /bitala (Naden)
buck jaraang
buffalo, haag-naag-ŋ (Naden)
build, mi, {me} (Naden), mii
bull naraang
bullet, mafabing (Cahill)
bundle of thatch, huubɔbing
bundle of herbs, mincee-n (Naden)
burden, -/ciiti (Naden)
burial dress, logiti, logitia
burn, yigi (Cahill); Tah: juu
burn juu
bury, guu (yɛ) (Naden), a guu, {gu, to bury} guu
bush pig, duang (Cahill)
bush, haaging (Cahill), haag-ŋ, hag-ŋ (Naden)
bush animal, sibiŋ, {sebik? = Alcelaphus buselaphus or Bubalis major, Hartebeeste}
bush cow, buffalo haaging naaging
bush-rat daayuung
bushman haaging vuong
butterfly kpanjabing
buttocks, cekulli/cekuli (Naden), chiakole
button, periŋ (pl),
buy, da (Naden), {da}
buy daa

C

cake, maasa (Cahill)
calabash, broken piece of ca.., kpachibiŋ, kpaa chigiŋ, {chin-chiak}
calabash container with a lid, kataaliŋ
calabash for fetching water, nyaaŋ chibŋ, E24
calabash, bualing (Cahill)
calabash (bowl), kpali, pl. kpala, {chin}
calabash, new c.: kpaa yiɛliŋ
calabash (bottle), gagr-ŋ (Naden)
calabash, round, koolu (Naden)
calabashes, stock of various sizes of calabashes stringed together, kpalieŋŋiŋ, {zaaning?}
calf nabing
calf of leg
call, wɔ, {wi} (Naden), wana, E28
call, summon wa
camel nyugini
camwood
cane v., (whip), viiri, E1
canoe, haar-n/haarti (Y) (Naden), haaring
cap kudiimi
capsule, tupaya (Cahill)
careless
carrier, chiiru, E
carry, dogi (Cahill)
carry (head), chigi, chii (Cahill), ci (Naden), {ji}
carry a child mili
carry on the head chii
carry (bring) chii
carry a child on the back mili
carrying-pad (?), tool-n/toolsi (Naden)
carve yasi
carving, yesing (Cahill)
cases, juuni
cassava, gbengkwong (Cahill)
cassava banchi (adopted)
cast (metal) siti
castrated man, daa yaabiŋ
cat, gaalu/gaalutu (Naden), gaanlung (Cahill)gaanluung
catarrh, shiing (Cahill)
catch, yigi (Naden)
catch, gbati (Naden)
catch fish jeeti
cattle, niiga, niigi (Naden),{niiga}
cattle egret, kpalimantiya (Cahill)
cedi, sídí (Cahill)
center pole, ziiging (Cahill)
chain, chɔrima, E, churima
chair, cheəng (Cahill), chiang
challenge a spirit, kaati, kaa, E7
chameleon, bantaneer-ŋ/neetti (Naden), gbaachuung
charcoal of a particular shrub, belivinti, E
charcoal kaala
chase yagi di
chastise viiri
cheap mɔli
cheek, taama/taamá (Naden), tankiara, E17
cheek, kaaming (Cahill)
chest upwards (oracle fowl), a tuo
chest, breast, nyuong, nyúúng / nyúrà (Cahill), nyu-n/nyura (Naden)
chest, nyuung
chew, nob-, ŋwɔbi, (Naden), {ngobi} , ngobi
chicken, kpeang, kpeeng, kpiang (Cahill), kpiabing
chief, naaŋ/naalim (Naden), naang (Cahill), naang
chieftaincy, naala Ba
chieftaincy, to “eat” ch., a dii naaŋ
child burial, bua nyaaliŋ
child, strong child, i.e. not previously ill, bual hagiru, {biik, child}
child born at a short interval, nyiiŋ /nyiisi
child bua/balli (Cahill), bɔɔ, bɔa/baasi (Naden), {biik}
child bua/ balli
chin, bitíeng / bítíè (Cahill)
chin, bicebora (Naden)
chin bitieng
chisel, wogi FB87
choose vuari
chop, to cut to pieces, cɛ (Naden), {che}
chop dii
civet-cat
clan, lineage, sanuaŋ
clan buurring
claw (toenail), nayibing/nayibiti (Cahill)
claw, -yib-ŋ/yibti (Naden)
clean ka wo diginti
clear grain by farming
climb (trees), juali (tiisi), E, juali
close (v.), shut, ligi (Naden), {ligi}
close ligi
cloth, clothes, gariŋ, pl. gariti, {garuk, pl. garta}
cloth garing
clothes, clothing nyingyeeke
cloud, ningmading/ningmada (Cahill), clouds, nee-nmare (Naden)
cloud niingmaang
co-wife, nyantgaalim, pl. nyantaa Baluri nyantaasi (Naden), nyantaa/nyantaalim (Naden)
coagulate
coal, -/(bul)kaala (Naden)
cobra, hoodless, buntuu-nyiiru (= toad swallower)C
cock, kpa-raa (Naden), kparaaŋ Ba, kparaang
cohabit laging bere
coin, lig-bie (pl.?)
cold, wet sunsi (Cahill)
cold, wati (Cahill)
cold adj., sunsɔ-/- (Y), sosoŋ/sosoŋ (N) (Naden)
cold: to be cold, soosi; sunsu (Naden)
cold sungsi
collect, vara (Cahill)
collect a dripping liquid, tugi, E
collect, laŋsi (Naden)
collect tuo
come, kan, keN- (Naden), keng (Cahill), come! (pl.), Kange! (Naden)
come out, he/she has come out (baby), u nyiŋ yiɛaliŋ, {nyini, to come out}
come back, return, kpeeri (Naden)
come down, suung (Cahill)
come out! keng nying
come keng
come here! keng gienaa
compound, tigri/tiga (Naden); tigriŋ /tígè, Cahill, E2, E27
compound gbaang
concoction (spec.), musiŋ, {musa}
concoctions, daagirisi
connect taasi
conquer nyangngi
consent, saagi (Naden)
consider saagi a yî
construct, mi (Naden)
consult a soothsayer, a bugi, {bogi}, to hold the stick, a chabi
container for tobacco, bal-ŋ (Naden)
container (small) for powdered tobacco, asari kuoliŋ
container made of leaves, ŋmaanva pobsiŋ
container, wooden, tii-dagagŋ / tii dagaa, E
contract jigi
cook n., dìdìgìrú (Cahill)
cook, digi (Naden, Cahill), digi v.
cooking pot, saaŋ gbieŋ, pl. saaŋ gbiesi, {samoaning}
cooking room, juo-dikking (Cahill)
cooking water, ngmiesing (Cahill)
cooking, place for cooking, kugiŋ
cooking pot gbieng
cool: be cool, sunsu (Naden)
cool adj., sunsɔ-/- (Y), sosoŋ /sosoŋ (N) (Naden)
cool: be -, fieli (Cahill)
cool simgso
copper
corn, káwúntíng / kawunta (Cahill)
cornstalk, konchaga (Cahill)
corpse kung
corpulent, kɔll-ŋ/kɔla (Naden)
correct, true, to be -; wunsi (Cahill)
correct wusie
cotton gunggunti
cotton tree gungunti tiing
cough, kosin (Naden)
cough: black cough, tuberculosis, kwasi sɔbling, {kosuk, cough}, kɔsing
count, biisi (Cahill)
court, v., a yaali
court a girl, a sugi
courtship relationship, haniiti
courtship money with a view to marrying the girl, bandaala ligriŋ, {ligri, money}
courtyard, nebiti gbaaŋ, gbaaŋ / gbaati, E2, E23, {dabiak}
courtyard, gbaaku ma,
cousin (patrilin.), chɔmbua
cover, n., ligi, {ligi, to cover}
cover one’s self lig û gbang
cover ligi
cow, naa!ging/niige (Cahill), naag-bu, pl. niigi (Naden), {naab, pl. niiga}
cow, domestic, juoŋen naagiŋa
cow naaging
cowrie, ligirik-ŋ /ligiri (Naden)
cowries, cowrie shells, ligri yiela (yiɛala), {lig piela}
crab nanjeeming
create naang (referring to God’s creation)
crocodile, yig-ŋ /yibsi (Naden), yibing
crooked gabili
cross gasi
crossing, see-cagsa (Naden)
crossroad, see-cagsa (Naden), sie-chagsa, E10
cry, v., kuŋ, E
cry n., keesiŋ (Naden)
cry, weep kûng
culvert, luang (Cahill)
curse kaati
cut, gobi (Cahill, Naden), gɔb (Naden), {gebi} gobi
cut, chia (Cahill), ce (Naden)
cut down, fell chia
cutlass, karentia (Cahill)
cutlet, gim-bi (Naden)

D

dance a marriage dance, a sie banwula (without kantana)
dance during funeral, siele me
dance, horn’s music dance, sp. performance of kantana-music (horns), dugu
dance the dugu dance, a sie dugu
dance v., seem (Naden)
dance n., seeli (Naden), spec. round dance jaŋŋa (2 circles), FB82+84
dance sie
dare. toamg? Ba
dark: to be dark sibi (Cahill)
darken, sibi (Naden)
darkness liming
daughter of the husband’s family, liɛaŋ
daughter, young girl, liɛa, {lie}
daughter lia
daughter-in-law (new), liɛa haalu, liahaalu
dawa-dawa powder, duuti (Cahill)
dawa-dawa (pulp), du-zon (Naden)
dawa-dawa (tree), duu-n/duusi (Naden), duung (Cahill)
dawn sikuungleeling
day, daa-n/daara (Naden), dàáng/dada, dàrá (Cahill)
day before yesterday, deer-(wa-) (Naden), deerwade
day after tomorrow, vungtuŋ (Naden)
day daang
dead person, kpiilí (Naden)
dead, kpiiŋ, E4, pl. kumba; {kpieba or kpilima, the dead}
deaf, tikpara (Naden)
deaf tikparatieng
dear
death, ŋmiŋka
death (natural) , destiny ŋmiŋka pooli
death: strong/ sudden death, kuŋ hagiriŋ,
death: unnatural death, evil cause of death, grimiŋ
death, funeral, kung (Cahill), kun (Naden)
death: bad death, kumbiɛŋ, kuŋbiɛŋ, {kum biok}
death kung
debt, hamiŋ, haming (Cahill)
decay huugi
decrease moori
deep, golli (Naden)
deep goli
defecate, sɔba (Naden)
defecate sɔbi binti
deliver, miiri, E
dense: to be dense, jigsi (Naden)
deny mɔng
depth goling
deride
descend, suŋ (Naden)
desire, a yaali, {yaali, to desire, to love}
desire yaala / cho
destiny, death (natural) ŋmiŋ(ka) p(u)ooli, E26
devil sitaani
devour ngɔbi lagilagi
dew, meligin (Naden), miliging
die, kpi (Naden), kpie (Cahill), kpi
difficult hagiri
dig, tu (Naden), tuu (Cahill), tuu
digger, chiibu, pl. chiibitiŋ
Digitaria exelis
Diospyros (tree), jeen, pl. jeensi, {gaab} (Naden), jee-ŋ/jeensi (Naden)
dip in soup, sugi (Cahill)
dip in nagi luu
dirge (sp.) sung 3 times by the elders, hamyie tuaŋ
dirge (funeral) sung with drumming, hanyie, (s. hamyie?), hanye (Cahill)
dirt, diganti, dinti (Naden)
dirt, -/sabti (Naden)
dirt diginti
dirty, diganti, dinti (Naden)
dirty: be -, diginti (Cahill)
dirty diginti
discriminate, luge, E12
disease, -/yogti (Naden)
disgrace, diginti, E
divide, pooli, puo (Cahill)
divide, gibeeŋ (Naden)
divide puo
divination, bugiti, E
divination stick, bugra daŋbaniŋ, E
divine, v., bugiti, {bogi}
diviner, buguru/buguti (Naden)
diviner’s leather bag (also for all tools), gbaan yuoŋ
divorce (a wife, a husband), a zeti (hɔgu, churu)
do, yi (Cahill), yi
doctor, dogeta (Cahill)
dog, gbaa-ka, gbaasi (Naden), gbaang/gbaasi (Cahill); bain (Anq.)
dog gbaang

donkey, boriming (Cahill), bɔŋ/bɔnsi (Naden), buning
door, gbeabing (Cahill), gbiabing
doorway sanuang
dove ngmaring
down, bottom chiang (Cahill)
drag dati
draw, fetch, yuare (Naden)
draw water yɔɔri nyaang
dream v., daasi (Naden)
dream, daansa (Naden), daansa
dream daaqnsi
dress, gar-n/gatti (Naden)
dress jayekking
dress yeegi
dried T.Z., wosiga (Cahill)
drink, nyo, nyu, nyuu (Naden, Cahill){nyu}
drink nyuu
drip
drive away yagi
driver-ant
drop vaa ka ta-
drum, calabash-drum, bintin (Naden)
drum, cylinder-drum, gugo-n/gugogti (Naden)
drum, cylindrical, a set of c.d., tampaŋ, E26
drum, gingang, ginggang(Cahill)
drum, gurumansa (Cahill)
drum, talking-drum, ginga-n/gingana (Naden)
drum janigiking
dry: to be -, kuu (Cahill)
dry, v., ku (Naden)
dry, adj., -kpiya/kpiyesi (Naden)
dry kuu
dry (up) kuu
dry season wuyaling
dry in the sun dung
duck, gbwinyuang, gbuyuang; gbinyuang /gbìnyòrá (Cahill), gomasee-ŋ/gomaseesi (Naden)
duck gbingyuang
dumb, gaam-n (Naden), gaamu, {gaaung}, gaamu
dune konkoging
dung huusing
dust, koling/kolti, kwaling (Cahill), kolin (Naden)
dust tankɔling
dwell bere

E

eagle, kpojusung (Cahill)
ear, tibing/tiba (Cahill), tib-n/tiba (Naden), tibia
early lagi
earring tikpaara
earth, soil, dirt tanti/- (Cahill), tan (Y), tanti (N) (Naden)
earth god, earth shrine, tangbaŋ, {tanggbain}
earth tinggbang
earthpriest, tin-tee-n (Y), tubdaaba (N) (Naden)
east, sunrise, ngmiŋ pɔsikiŋ, ŋmiŋ pôsikŋ Ba {wen pusika}
east tingchiang
easy ka ka hagiri
eat, di (Naden), dii (Cahill), dii
egg, gili/gila (Cahill), gilli/gila (Naden)
egg gili
eight, 8, -nii, {naaning} (Naden)
eight anii
eighteen bang-angang – anii
eighty, baŋsinii (Naden)
eighty bangisinii
elbow, (nu-)kpam-ŋ/-kamí (Naden), nutong
elder, jakuuŋ, pl. nyiŋkura
elder (male), nimoa (Naden)
elder sister taa jakuung
elder brother mii
elder sibling miiling
elephant, yɔb-ŋ/yɔbti (Naden), yɔbing
eleven, baŋ nan kaani (Naden), bang-angang – kaani
elope, to forcibly take away a girl friend as a wife, a yigi hɔgu, {yigi, to catch}
embrace goori
empty jawiaging
enclose ligi
end v., i (Naden)
end kpati
ended kpati
enemy relationship (between men) during courtship / marriage, daataati
enemy (man), during courtship / marriage, daataaŋ, pl. dataasi, {dachiak, pl. dachaasa}
enjoy, lansi (Naden)
enter, ju (Cahill, Naden), {jo} juu
entrance (main) to the house, sanua daaŋ
entrap, gbati (Naden)
equalize muu tang
erring man, man who impregnated a woman before wedlock, daakpaŋ
escape chigi
evening, jim, jim-n (Naden), jingming (Cahill), yuŋ, {yok, night}
evening jingming
everyone vuongmana
everything jaangmana
ewe, sheep yiniing
examine mɔgisi
excrements, -/binti (Naden)
exert one’s self
exist, bɛ…ri (Naden)
exterior kuang
extinguished kpisi
eye, i (B), nin/nini (N, Y) (Naden), ning/nine (Cahill), ning
eye-brow ningkogizoosi
eye-lash ningzoosi
eyebrow, ningkoging, ningkube (Cahill)
eyelashes, ninzosi (Cahill)

F

face, mara-ŋ (Naden)
face ninechaang
fairy, kikiriŋ, {kikiruk, kikerik}
falcon, yɔbɔ/yɔbti (Naden)
falsehood, ŋminchibsi, Ba
fall, na (Naden), nang (Cahill), nang
family, liɛŋ
family name chɔɔngkuungsaang
family deng
family-in-law, haniila juoŋ,
fan kavese
far, yuwa (Cahill), yua
far, wo-n/wogti (Naden)
farm n., koaa/kooti (Naden)
farm v., kɔ (Naden)
farm, koong, kuang, kuo-ku (Cahill)
farm, cultivate kuang
farming services by the husband + relations for girl’s family, haniila kpiɛŋ, relations-in-law (the boy’s), haniiliŋ
farming, kpaaring, E22
fasten, bɔbi (Naden)
fat, koolang/koola kwolung, wooling (Cahill), kɔll-ŋ/kɔla (Naden)
fat n., grease, kpaaŋ (Naden)kpaang
fat naring
father chong/chooling (Cahill), coo/coomba (Naden)
father chɔɔng
father’s children, chomballi, {ko bisa}
father’s house, chua tigiŋ
father’s sister wara
father’s brother chɔɔng a) senior chuakura b) junior chasa
father-in-law, haagi daa, haniiŋ, E, haniidembing
fatigue, gbaligsi (Naden), gbaligisi
fear, maam-n (Y), nmaam-n (N) (Naden), n ngaamung (Cahill)
fear, cigi (Naden), chiga ngmaaming
feather, kukobing/kukobiti, kukwabeng (Cahill), -/-kobti (Naden)
feather kɔbiti
feces, excrement binti
female (young), havobiŋ
female, -niib/-niti (Naden)
female hɔgu
fence giring
ferment, v., kuŋ, E
ferment ngmiigi
fetch, yuare (Naden), yɔɔri
fetish, buguti (Y), bon-ŋ/buguli (N) (Naden)
fetish (Juju) tiing
fever duungsunsong
few, ngmana (Cahill)
few bita
fibre made of hemp (kenaf), bɔ-ŋ (Naden), bɔng
field, cultivated ground kung
fifteen bang-angang – a nau
fifty bangisinu
fig-tree kinkaming tiing
fight wagi
fill, suul (N) (Naden)
filter, v., pali (Naden)
filth diginti
find out, yeenti (Cahill); piasi, E,
find out things, yaali nyinti
find, a yaali; find things, yaali nyinti, E7, biisi?? E, {yaali, 6. to look for}
finger nubing
fingernail nuyibiti
finish, kpati (Naden), kpati
fire festival, fire month boliŋ chiiŋ, {bolim, fire; chiik, month}
fire wood, daanyiŋ, {daata}
fire, v., to fire a gun, a taa maafa, E
fire, booling/booliti, bwoolung (Cahill), boŋ/bolti (Naden), boling
firewood daati
fish, ding (Cahill)
fish, yir-n/zasn (Naden)
fish, zaas-n/zaasti, zaasim, saasiŋ (Naden), zaasiŋ, zasing/zasiti (Cahill)
fish zaasing
five, 5, -nu, {-nu} (Naden, Cahill)
five anu
flap the wings ka nagi chobati
flea
flesh, meat nong/nonti (Cahill)
flesh nɔngbung
float hagi diisi
floor, tinggba (Cahill)
flour, zung (Cahill), zɔŋ (Naden), zɔm, {zom}
flour water, zon nyaaŋ, {zu-nyiam}
flow, pala (Cahill), pali (Naden)
flow (leak) pali
flower, taam-ŋ (Y), puŋ (N) (Naden)
flower, wuting/wute, wute (Cahill)
flower wote
flutter wiwiiru
fly, nadjuong, nandjuong (Cahill)
fly v., hagi (Y), nagi (N) (Naden), haga (Cahill), hagi
fly najuung
fog, hooling/- (Cahill), a diisi, di (Naden)
follow dii
food, fuura (Cahill)
food, i (Naden); nyindiike, pl. E6, E23, nyindiike
foot, leg nang/nagisi (Cahill), nan/nansi (Naden), nan-talli (Naden)
foot nang
for
forbidden: it is f.: di chuari miŋ. E
forearm nuung
forehead, dííng (Cahill)
forehead diing
forest, bɔŋu (Naden)
forest, wood bɔngngɔ
forge, ce (Naden)
forge (blacksmith) kuri
forget, daan- (Y), i (N) (Naden)
forget daang
form a fork
form yi
forty, baŋsinisa (Naden)
forty bangisiniisa
forward, to come f., keŋ niŋpa ?? E
found; a thing found, ja-biikŋ, E
fountain bulung
four, nisa (Cahill)
four, 4, -nisa, {-nansi}
four hundred kɔbisiniisa
four aniisa
fourteen bang-angang – a aniisa
fowl, kpee-n/kpeesi (Naden)
fowl, kpiɛaŋ; destiny or oracle fowl, ŋmiŋpuole kpiaŋ
fowl (marriage gift), da yaalima kpiɛŋ
fowl with ruffled feathers, gbingbiŋŋi, {gbinggbing, fowl without feathers}
frame rattle (suena) naachiima, FB81
francolin nying
freeze
fresh, soos- (Y), suns-, fiel- (N) (Naden)
friend, woman / man friend – not necessarily for marriage, bandaa
friend, zua (Cahill), zɔa/zɔmba (Naden), zua
friend, boy or girl friend, daa
friendly gift, bahzuala hɔgu
frog, jɛna (Naden)
frog, yɛna/yɛná (Naden)
frog, yàníng / yàná (Cahill)
frog butuung
front, vagina, niŋŋa, {ning, front}
front, ninga (Cahill), niŋŋa
froth (foam)
fruit,/-wuuti wuuti-ŋ (Y), yɔna/-yɔnna (N) (Naden)
fruit, kongkoma (Cahill)
fruit nyingnyingka
fry, chemaa, (Cahill)
fry ching
full: to be full?, nuleemn (N), (ka) suleenu (Y) (Naden)
full: be -; suuli (Cahill)
full suuli
funeral, kuŋ, kumbu, kunti; Salifu: kuŋ kuŋ (=mourning)
funeral celebration, kuŋ wuusika, {kum kuuna, funeral}
funeral dirge (initial), naawie
funeral house, ku tigiŋ
funeral: owner of the funeral, kumbu tieŋ,
fur, kobiti (Cahill)

G

gall, ya(a) (Naden)
gall yaang
game, waari (Cahill)
game, dari (Cahill)
gape
garden gaaden
garment, yab-n (Naden)
garment, gar-n/gatti (Naden)
gate, front gate, sanoaa/sanoá (Naden)
gather laging
get up, hagi, habi (Cahill)
get wood, daati (Cahill)
get married, a yiɛali, {yali}
get lost bia
get accustomed mɔli
get ye
get-up, joala, doaa (Naden)
ghost, u nyin wa kogiŋ, {nyini, to come out; kok, ghost}
ghost, kogiŋ, {kok}
ghost koging
gift, a friendly gift, bahzuala hɔgu
gifts for funeral visitors, chaanti
girl, haaga/haasi (Y) (Naden)
girl, hogo-lia/-liiya (Naden)
girl hovoge (Cahill)
girl: mature girl, an unmarried mature girl, hɔgu liɛa, {lie, daughter, girl}
girl, daughter, liɛa, {lie}
girl havuobing
give, dii
give, yi (Cahill), yɛ (Naden)
give not, mo (Naden)
give way (on footpath), taari, iE10
give out yii
give birth miri
give yii
glide
glossy thing, ja-vuugu (Naden)
go round, baari, E
go (v.), ga, gara (Cahill, Naden), {ga}
go, co(N)- (Naden)
go fishing, jeeti (Cahill)
go home, kuli (Cahill)
go home, doba (Naden), kuri
go into, ju, E
go out, nye (Naden)
go about
go down suung
go ga
go out ga nying
go in front, precede dia ningnga
go away gamma
go up ga sikpeng
go-between, intermediary, sie yiltuu, sieyituu, {san-yigmoa}
go-down, suŋ (Naden)
goat, male goat, bi tali, {bu-duk}
goat, biing (Cahill), bii-ŋ/biiŋi (Y,N) (Naden)
goat biing
goblin, kpunkpar-n/-kparsi (Naden)
god, personal god, ŋmiŋ, nmin- (Naden), {wen}
God is greater, ŋmin tiana
God has not given us; ŋmiŋ ka yiti
God Ngming
gold, -/salima (Naden)
gold salima
Gonja, Zabagisi
good: be -; vina (Cahill), veena (Naden)
good, adj., vee-ŋ/-veena (Naden)
good viining
gourd, kuoling (Cahill), gourd container, asari kuoliŋ, E
gradually, biitabiita (Naden)
granddaughter haaging
grandfather chɔɔngkuung
grandmother, nuŋ kuung,
grandmother nunkuung
grandson haaging
grass, sp., huuyebŋ / huuyebti, E
grass, huung/huuti (Cahill)
grasshopper, sàngkpaàáng / sàngkpàrá
grave diggers (professional), chiibu, pl. chiibitiŋ; Konlan: chiiptin
grave, vɔirku, vɔri, vɔriŋ, {vorub} Konlan: haagiren ?
grave for a child, long pit, bua paa
grave: new grave, vɔri haaliŋ, black grave (old gr.with corpses), vɔri sɔbliŋ, {sobling, black}
grease, kpaang/kpaati (Cahill), kpaaŋ (Naden)
great: to be great, kpeem- (Naden)
greedy halli
green, -sobl-n (Naden)
green, kolakola/kolokolti (Cahill)
green tunyaang
greet, daanti (Naden)
greet, a waasi, waasi
grey hair sikpengzooyala
grind, numa (Naden), nung
grinding stone, nííng / níà (Cahill)
ground, (Y), tanti (N) (Naden)
ground tinggbang
groundnut, singkpaang (Cahill), sunkpaam (Naden)
groundnut sinkpaang
grow biring
grumble vuuna
guardian spirit, sigiŋ, ancestor-name for a child., sigitieŋ, {segi}
guest chaanu
guinea fowl, kpaang/kpiine (Cahill), kpaaku/kpiini (Naden), kpaaŋ, {kpong}
guinea corn chati, kaunta
guinea-fowl kpaang
guineaworm, nyiiling/nyiile (Cahill)
gullet, lɔl-ŋ/lɔlti (Naden), lɔling
gun, single barrelled gun, singliba (Engl.); double barrelled gun, dabuliba
gun, maafa; sp. type: korpŋ; kotebu; lantaŋ (long and most powerful), jebuge (old type),maafa
gundpowder maafatiing
guts, stomach wutulung/wutulisi (Cahill)
guts, intestines nyuubie

H

hair, zuung/zuusi (Cahill), zoo/zoosi (Naden)
hair, sikpengzoosi

hand, nuung
hand (right), nu diigiŋ, {nisa, hand}

hand, nu-talli (Naden)
hand over, ŋaasi (Naden)
hand, arm nuung/nuusi (Cahill), nuu/nuusi (Naden)
handle of an axe, lee-kul (Naden)
handle (of hoe) leekung
hang sagi
hard, kpeem (Naden)
hard hagiring
hardship, gbaligsi (Naden)
hare, soom-n/soonsi (Naden)
hare, rabbit sɔɔming
harmattan season (Oct/Nov) ta-faaŋ
harsh, tuaŋ, E14
harvest v., gobi, E14
harvest gobi
haste lagilagi
hat, sibubu (Cahill), si-bugu (Naden)
hat, kagba (Cahill)
hat kagbaa
hatred, haachia, E
have not, wo (Naden)
have, ya (Cahill), ya/yɛ (Naden), woo (Naden)
have sex with a woman, a yaali hɔgu
hawk, kpii!ling (Cahill)
hawk kpaliging
haze, sinsagiŋ (Naden)
he, she, wuning (Cahill)
he, she, o, wo, wa, u (Cahill), {o, wa}
he wuning
he-goat bitali
head of a lineage (clan), sanuaŋ jakuuŋ
head of family, jakuuŋ, pl. nyiŋkura
head, sikpeng/skpegili, sikping (Cahill), sikpoku, sikpi-n/sikpugli (Naden)
head of… daa-jakuung
head sikpeng
head-scarf, bɔbiŋ, {bobik}
headgear, bɔbiŋ, {bobik}
headpan, ta!sing (Cahill)
health, alafiya (Ar. Ha) (Naden)
health, alaamfiya (Cahill), good health, lanfia, E6, E7
health, healthy alaafia
hear, wung (Cahill)
hear wung
heart, sikpare (B,Y,N), sɔ-ŋ (TN) (Naden)
heart sikili/sikile (Cahill)
heart sikpaan
hearth
heaven, paradise arizana
heavy: to be heavy, dons- It is heavy. Ka dunsa-mŋ.(Naden)
heavy, dunsung/dunsa (Cahill)
heavy dunsing
hedgehog, zaampong (Cahill)
heel, (Naa)kim-n/kimí (Naden)
hell boling
help, v. sungi (Cahill), suŋ- (Naden)
help, goti (Cahill)
help sungngi
hen, kpee-n/kpeesi (Naden)
herb, -/hooti (Y), wuu-n/wuuti (N) (Naden)
herbs, wuuti, {wuuk, pl. wuuta, grass…} (Naden)
herd animal, dong (Cahill)
here, gee, gie, geena (Cahill)
here gienaa
Hibiscus sabdariffa, waŋ / wagiti
hiccup siligingsige
hiccups, sigilinsige , sinsige(Cahill)
hide v., lɔbri (Naden)We have hidden him/her. Ti lɔbirya.
hide, n. gbaiŋ, {gbain} Sa: gbaniŋ
hide one’s self lɔbiri u gbang
hide, conceal lɔbiri
high place, kwungkwuging (Cahill)
hill, kungkug-ŋ/kungkugu (Y), kunkugi (N), Na.
hill konkoging
him, wa (Cahill)
hip, yaya (Cahill)
hippo, nya-yimu/nya-yiinti (Naden)
hippopotamus nyaayiiming
hips, cia/ceesi (Naden)
hips chiakume
his arm, u nuung (Cahill)
his second wife hɔgubuabing
hit, beat nigi (Cahill)
hit, strike nigi
hoe handle, lekuli (Cahill)
hoe, kùúng, kwuung / kùrá (Cahill), kuuri/koa (Naden), {kurik, kui}
hoe kuang, kuung
hoe, broad for closing grave: voariŋ ligiŋ, FB95 (=close grave?)
hold, yali, yeli (Cahill)
hold, catch, yigi (Cahill, Naden)
hold pɔgili
hole, von-n/votti (Naden)
hole voring
hollow out yasi
homestead, tigri/tiga (Naden)
honey, seeti (Naden)
honey sieesi
hook yigi
hope tama
horn (of animal), yile /yile (Cahill), yilli/yila (TN), nyindaa-ŋ (B) (Naden)
horn, musical intrument, banzuala kantaŋ, pl. kantana, kanana{kantain}
horn (musical instrument on the day of the Fire Festival), dintigi
horn yili
horn-music, kantana,{kantain, pl. kantana, horn}
horse, duung/duune (Cahill), duu-ŋ/duuni (Naden)
horse duuning
horse-tail, duuŋ-juŋ
hot, adj., -tool-ŋ/-toola (Naden)
hot: to be hot, tuuli, tuu (Cahill), togl- (B), tool- (TN) (Naden)
hot tuuli
hourglass drum, lôŋe
house, tígíng / tígè (Cahill), tigri/tiga (Naden)
house help (who can be given out to any member of husband’s family as a wife), dundɔbiŋ,, {doglie}
house, home tiging
how much? angmiya (Cahill)
how many? aŋmee (Naden)
how many? a ba ngmia
how? lalia (Cahill)
humiliation, jolimiŋ, E
hundred, 100, kɔbgta/kɔbsi (Naden), kɔbga, {ko}
hundred kɔbiga
hunger, kung (Cahill), kwon (Naden), kong
hunt, v., yag- (Naden)
hunt yalliti
hunter, yalto, yàlìtú (Cahill), yaltɔ/yaltim (Naden); yalitu
hunting shrine, yalt a gbieŋ, yalt dagaariŋ, E4
husband: younger husband, husband’s younger brother / sister, churu buobiŋ,
husband: senior husband, husband’s elder brother / sister churu jakuuŋ,
husband, churu, churo, churuu/churoling ( chùrúu (Cahill), coro/collo (Naden), {choro}
husband churu
husband’s mother (mother-in-law), haagi nuŋ
husband’s father, haagi daa
hut, joo-ŋ/juuni (Naden)
hut jaging
hyena, baancu-n/baancura (Naden)
I (pron), n; ma , man (obj. ma, mu, mo, mim) (Naden), maning (Cahill)

I

I mania
idol buung
if, di (Cahill); di yi
ignore, zi (Naden)
ill, to be ill (hot), tuu, Cahill
illuminate, nigsi (Naden)
imeptuous
impotence, kɔli kpiiŋ (dead penis), E10
impotent man, daayaabiŋ, daa yaabiŋ
in front of, niŋa (Naden)
in, song (Cahill)
in the middle sunsung
in ma / sung
in-law haniing
incinerator, taŋguŋ, {tampoi}
increase guti
infant, small child, bɔɔ, {biik} (Naden)
infertile man, cf. sunsɔŋ saali
ingredients for preparing soup in general, jiziti
initiate (into a cult), chiiru, E
insert nagi suo
inside, sung (Cahill), s (Naden)
inside ma / sung
instep
instruct dagi
insult v., ze (Naden)
insult, abuse zia
insults, susuta
intelligence, ya(a) (Naden)
intend, baa, bang (Cahill)
interior sung
intermediary, sie yiltuu, sieyituu, {san-yigmoa}
interrogative particle piasi
intertwine laging
intestines, /nyo-biee (Y), /nyooti (N) (Naden)
invert tuling
iron, kutugu/kootti (Naden); kuuti
isolate one’s self vûari u gbang
it, ka (Cahill)
itch zagising
ivory yɔbing nying

J

jaw kaakping
jealous sugiyɔng
jealousy sugiyɔng
joking (ritually) harisi (karisi?) jaaliŋ, FB 80
journey, deesi (TN), jeesi (R) (Naden)
jump, yogi (Naden)
jump out of yugi nying
jump yugi
junior, m., mi-ŋ (Naden)
junior, f., mi-hɔgɔ (Naden)
just now, lelege (Cahill)

K

kaffir-corn
kapok-tree, does not exist in Komaland (Naden)
keep pɔgili
kidney chinchaginbie
kill, ku (Cahill, Naden)
kill kûû
kindle, joo (Naden)
king nakpiing
kitchen, juo dikking
knee, dung/dune (Cahill), dunni, pl. duna (Naden), {dunung}, dung
kneel gbirigi
knife, jibing (Cahill) jib-ŋ/jibsi (Naden), {gebik}
knife for shaving, bariŋ
knife jibing
knifehandle, kakpaa (Cahill)
knot
know, sib- (Naden), siba, sibi (Cahill), Tah: ming
know not, zi (Cahill)
know siba
kola, kolanuts, goori/goori (Naden), guori, goori, goore, {goori, pl. goora}
kola nut gore
Koma (adj.), Kɔmiŋ, Koma
Koma (sing.), member of the Koma ethnic group, Kɔm-ŋ (Naden)
kraal, no-gorom (Naden)
kraal nagiring
kuskus

L

labour n., wasi (Naden)
lack, wo (Cahill)
lack, miss waari
ladder, jorong, jworong (Cahill)
lady, hɔgɔ, hoa/hɔba, hɔm (Y), ŋɔgɔ/wom (TN), ŋoge (B) (Naden)
lake, gbaging/gbaga (Cahill); gbaging
lake, loa/loosi (Naden)
lamb yibing
lance, yii-ŋ/yiima (Naden)
landlord, tigiŋ yakuuŋ, {yeri nyono}
landlord, tig-teeŋ (Naden)
language, ja-balka (B) (Naden)
language, gil-ti (Naden)
language jabaliking
large jakpengkpiing
late
laugh, la (Naden), {la}
laugh laa
lay-down, d(wa) (Naden)
lazy walinkpiasi
leaf, vaang/vaati (Cahill), va, vaa-ku (Naden), {viok, pl. vaata}
leaf, baaku/vaati (Naden), {vaata, leaves}
leaf vaang
leap over yugi gasi
leap yugi
learn bugiri
leather bag, gbaaŋ yuoŋ, Ba
leave, nye, vaa (Naden)
leave (behind) vaa
left (hand), (nu-)gal-ŋ (Naden), galing/galisi (Cahill)
left nugali
leftside nugalichaang
leg, calves, napwoora (Cahill)
leg, nan/nansi (Naden)
leg nang
lend pangngi
leopard, han-gbaa-n (Naden)
leopard gbaachuung
let vaa
letter, gbangku (Cahill)
lick lansi
lie (Lüge), ŋminchibsi
lie, cibi- (Naden)
lie down, dua, duagi (Cahill), doo, doog- (Naden)
lie down for sleep, to go sleeping, dwa a gurma, {doa a goa} (Naden)
lie ngmingchibisi
lie down suung dua
life misi
lift up, kwati (Cahill), niinti, E
lift kɔti
light, joo (Naden)
light v., nigsi (Naden)
light, blue kwolakwola (Cahill)
light chaaning
lightning niinyigising
like, love yaala / cho
lineage, (lit. gate), sanuaŋ
link man, go between, intermediary, sie yiltuu, sieyituu, {san-yigmoa}
lion, naachinging, (Cahill)
lion, gbigimin (Cahill), gbigim-n/gbigimí (Naden)
lion nachiging
lip, nugbangvaang/nugbangvaati (Cahill), no-gban-vaa (Naden)
lip nuagbanvaang
listen, we (B), woŋ (B, TN) (Naden)
listen wûng
little, -bi-n/bisi (Naden)
live, yees- (Y), jim- (N) (Naden)
live bere
liver, wubing/wube (Cahill), wuugŋ, E6, wub-ŋ/- (Y), wug-ŋ/wogi (N) (Naden)
liver wubing
lizard, gura!ang (Cahill), gura-n/gurasi (Naden)
lizard gurang
load, -/ciiti (Naden)
load, charge chiiti
locust sankpaang
log bench, dampala (Cahill)
log seats arranged for elders in the jagiŋg, dampala, {dampala}
log, dàmpàlí / dàmpàlá (Cahill)
loins, cia/ceesi (Naden)
long, wong/wogiti (Cahill), wo-n/wogti (Naden)
long jawang
look for, seek yaali
look at daansi
loosen, foosi, {foli}, (Naden)
lose wara
lost: to get lost, ba(ya) (Naden)
louse, kpib-n/kpibí (Y), kpibie (N), {chikpebi}, Na.
louse kpibing/kpibie (Cahill); kpibing
louse-of-fowls, -/kpa-jigsi (Naden)
love money (courting), bomdaala ligre (ligriŋ),
lower Yikpabongo, Bakoodeng (Cahill)
luggage, chiiti
lung zuzug, zuzugiti
lungfish, mimaang (Cahill)

M

maggots, zinzua, {nangzuri, sing.}
mahogany tree, kuŋ, E
maiden
maize, kawanta (Naden); kawunta
make, ŋwunsi (Naden)
make straight, tiidi (Cahill)
make, do, yi (Cahill)
male (young), dembiŋ
male, -raa/-raasi (Naden)
male dembing
malt, kpèéma (Naden), kpiama Ba
man, dembing/dembisi (Cahill), dem-bi-n/dem-bisi, /daogi (B), dyage (TN) (Naden)
man daa
manioc, cassava banchi
many sinsini (Cahill)
many nyingkpaang
mare dunniing
mark, single tribal mark (Mamprusi), beŋ, pl. bene
mark v., a bubi, (a child) lagi, E17
mark n. (abnormality), magiliŋ, E17
market, market day (of a village), nyo-n/nyugti (Naden), nyu-ŋ, nyung daraaŋ, pl. nyugiti
market day (lw. Sisaala) hayôb
market nyung
marking, scarification, wie, {wie}
marks, beautification marks for women, liati wie, {wie, ornamental marks}
marriage dance, to dance a m.d., a sie banwula (without kantana)
marriage enemity pot / shrine, daataala gbieŋ,
marriage, wedding, act of marrying, hɔgu faariŋ, {nipok faarika}
marriage a) of man faari b) of woman yali
marry (subj.:man), faara (Naden), take home as a wife, a faari, {faari}
marry (subj.:woman), get married, a yiɛali, yeli (Naden), yieli, E4, {yali}
marry faari for man, yali for woman
master, -tee-n (Naden)
master jakuung
mat, kalina/kalinsi (Y) (Naden)
mat, kayandi/kayandifi (N) (Naden)
mat (connection with burial), tiaŋ; tee, pl. teeti (Naden),{tiak}
mat kalingnga
matchet, cutlass karantia
matter, problem wiing (Cahill)
mature v., bii- (Naden)
me, ma
meagre, nyiili (Naden)
meal nyindiike
measure mɔgisi
meat, nwaŋ, non (Naden); nɔng
medicine: black medicine, tii sɔbliŋ, {ti-sobluk}
medicine, sp., dabaara; musiŋ
medicine, tiiŋ, pl. tiiti, , tiin/tiiti (Naden),{tiim}
medicine tiing
medicine-shrine, daagriŋ / daagirsi, E
meet haari
melt nangngi
metal, iron, koti (pl.?)
middle, sunsun (Naden)
midnight, tesiesi
midst, shade sunsung (Cahill)
midwife, birth attendant, (traditional), hɔgu tuguru
migrate kɔling
milk, milik (Cahill)
milk, biesing (Cahill)
milk biising
millet, zang (Cahill), za-n, zá (Naden), zaa, {za, zaa}; zaa
millet-beer, daaŋ (Naden)
millet-porridge, saan (Naden)
millet-water, water with millet flour, zon nyaaŋ, {zu-nyiam}
millstone, grinding stone, niiŋ
misbehave, pwuugi (Cahill)
mist, sinsagiŋ (Naden)
mix doong (Cahill); buula
mix laging
money ligiri (Cahill), ligiri, ligirik-ŋ/ligiri (Naden), ligriŋ, {ligri, money}
money ligire
mongoose, mongoose-shrine, juaŋ, E
monkey, nmaam-n/nmaama (Naden)
monkey ngmaaming
month, cee-n/ceeti (Naden), chiiŋ / chiiti, E
month chiing
moon, chiing/chiiti (Cahill), chiiŋ / chiiti, E; cee-n/ceeti (Naden) chi-yieliŋ, white moon, E
moon chiing
moon-shine chiyaling
morning, sokoo (Naden)
morning, sukung, sukwung (Cahill)
morning sikuung
mortar, tembing (Cahill), tim-bin/tim-bisi (Naden)
mortar tondung
mosquito, dom-n/dunsi (Naden)
mosquito duming
Mossi-man, Muagiŋ, E
mother, naa/niiling, nung/niiling or naamba (Cahill), naa/naamba (Naden), nuŋ, pl. niiliŋ
mother nung
mother’s brother yisa
mother’s sister nisa
mother-in-law, haagi nuŋ
mother-in-law haniihɔgu
mould mii
mount v., joo (Naden)
mount konkoging
mountain, ta-n/tana (Naden)
mountain, big stone tangkpiing/- (Cahill)
mountain tang
mourn (perform funeral), kung (Sa, Q50, Ju 05)
mouse, anko-n/ankura (Naden)
mouse, hàng kùúng / hàngkùrá
mouse haankuung
mouth, nua-ŋ/nuyaaŋ, nua-ŋ/noa (Y) (Naden), nuang/nua (Cahill)
mouth, moarɛ (B.) (Naden)
mouth nuang, Ba: nauŋ
much, pam (Cahill)
much: to be much, dɛla (B.), dala (TN) (Naden)
much adj., -kpaa (Naden)
mud, -/sabti (Naden)
mud block, waring/wara (Cahill)
mud finfata
muscle nɔngbung
musical instrument (type), gingaŋ, {ginggaung? gunggong?}
musketry, musket, maafa, jebuge, see also “gun”
mussel, kalenggbe!eng, kalenggbeang, kalanggbe (Cahill)
muste, gaam-n (Naden) mute?
myself, ngmgbang (Cahill)

N

nail, yi!ing (Cahill)
nail, kpasaa (Cahill)
naked: to be naked, wur- (Naden)
name, sàang/sada, sàrá (Cahill), sa-n/sara (Naden)
name for a married woman, marriage name, new wife’s naming ceremony, hɔguhaala saaŋ,
name: proverbial name, nandagi saaŋ
name: youngster’s name, (at the age of appr. 15), nahaata saaŋ, cf. liati saaŋ
name a child, a yii bua saaŋ, {yue, name}
name saang
names: jocular names, susuta saaŋ
nape, kpa-n/kpara (Naden)
narrate, sobil- (Naden)
narrow, fua (Cahill)
narrow janyeering
native doctor gbigbaaturu
navel, sankpading/sangkpaditi, snagkparing (Cahill), sakpar-n/sakparti, -kpartti, -kpara (Naden), siŋkpariku,
navel string, umbilical cord, sinkpariŋ, navel, {siuk}
navel sankparing
near, gbigi (Cahill)
near gbigi
neck, nyee/-, nyie (Cahill), nyiɛ/nyié (Naden)
neck nyie
needle gariyiing
nephew (SiSo), yisiŋ, E5
neri soup, kanchiasi jiti, {jenta, soup}
new, haaling/haala (Cahill), -haal-n/-haala (Y), -naalk-n/-naala (N) (Naden).
new moon chihaaling
new jahaaling
news, haala-ŋaala (Naden)
news laabari
nice: to be nice, veena (Naden)
nice, vee-ŋ/-veena (Naden)
night, yon-n/yugti, yu, {yuok} (Naden), yung/- (Cahill)
night yung
nine, 9, -way (Naden)
nine awai
nineteen bang-nangan – awai
ninety, baŋsiway (Naden)
ninety bangisiwai
no one daa vuong
noon, nmin-to-n/-toosi (Naden)
noon, kaan (Naden)
noon agbaa sangnga
north tingluging
nose, masi/- (Cahill), -/misi (Naden)
nose misi
not, ka (Cahill)
not know, zi (Naden)
not exist, wuu…ri (Naden)
not
notch
nothing: for nothing, daa yɔri
nothing daa jang
nourishment, faati (Naden)

O

obtain ye
official, nazua (Cahill)
oil, kpaang (Cahill), kpaaŋ (Naden)
okra, ngmaana (Cahill), -/ŋmaana (Naden)
okra, ochro ngmaana
old grave, vɔri kuuŋ
old man, da-ja-ko-n (Naden)
old woman, ho-ja-ko-n (Naden)
old, kuung/kura (Cahill), -ko-n/-kura (Naden)
old woman hɔgujakuung
old kakuung
old person jakuung
on sikpeng
one, baliming (Cahill)
one, kaani (Cahill)
one kaani
onion, gaabu (Ha.) (Naden)
onion, alivelsa (Cahill)
onion alibasa
open, yoor- (Naden)
open, v., a yuori
open yoori
orange, leemu (Cahill)
orange leemu (adopted)
orphan, bi-kpiiŋ, pl. bi-kpiiŋsi, FB84
other, tang (Cahill), -/tamba (Naden)
other atang / batang
our, ti
outdoors, v., a nyiŋ yieealiŋ, {nyini, to go out}
outside, n (Naden)
outside yeng
own, v., sina (Cahill)
own, belong to siina
owner of the village, tiak tieŋ
owner, tieling (Cahill)
ox bunung

P

palm of hand, talli (Naden), {ni-talni}
palm tree abetiing
palm (hand) nutali
palm oil abekpaang
palm wine dayaling
parent-in-law, haniiŋ
parents-in-law, hanɛ-ŋ; cee (Naden)
parrot daakuang
partridge, nying (Cahill)
partridge nying
pass, tee (Naden)
pass by tiang
pass through daagi tiang
pass in running chigi tiang
pass over gasi
path, sieng/sieti (Cahill), see-ku/seeti (Naden)
path sieng
patrilineal relative, chɔmbua
pawpaw, kambonta!ming (Cahill)
pay yung
peanut, sungkpaam (Naden)
peral, beeti (pl.?)
peas, subterranian, -/siimi (Naden)
pebble, taŋ-yaliŋ (lit. white stone)
peel paasi
penis, koli, kwali (Cahill), kolli/kola (Naden)
penis koli
people vuosi
pepper, -/nonti (Naden); nanjuung (Cahill)
pepper naanjuung
perform the funeral, kuŋ kuŋ, {kum kuumu}
perish, hoogi (Y), woogi (N) (Naden)
person, voong/voosi (Cahill), vuom/vuotaa (B), voon/voosi (TN), (Naden), , vuuta (Cahill)
person vuong
pestle, nuangming (Cahill)
pestle, shea-nut crushing stick, buluŋ, {buluk}
pestle, tandung, (Cahill)
pestle, tin-dib-n/-dibasi (Naden)
pestle tonduabua
pidgeon, nmar-n/nmarsi (Naden)
pielim (Buli), jag-ŋ/jaga (Naden)
pierce, tobi (Cahill), tab (Y), tob (N) (Naden)
pierce tɔbi
pig, puroku (Port.) (Naden); pereku
pigeon, ngmareng, ngmaring (Cahill), ngmarsi
pigeon tiging ngmaring
pit, gwooling, gwuuling (Cahill); Bal: 14,396: paa?
pito pot, da chuaŋ
pito, brewed with millet (zaa), daaŋ (Naden, B), {daam}
place, jig-n, logo (Naden)
place jiging
placenta, bala
plait, yug (Naden)
plait, bogti (Naden)
plait, braid bɔbi
plane off
plant buri
plantain buadia (adopted)
plaster, taari Ba
plastering (e.g. a wall), taariŋ, {taari, to plaster}
platform, -/dampala (Naden)
play, lala (Cahill)
play laali
plunge basket, sugiŋ, suguŋ (Sa)
point, dagi (Cahill)
poison, v., bati, E
poisoning, batigu, {baruk, trap, poison}
pole, jiiging (Cahill)
polio, gbariŋ, {gbaring, to be lame}
polish, zoosi (Y), zim (N) (Naden)
pond, loa/loosi (Naden)
poor zɔlingtieng
porcupine saaming
possess, si(na) (Naden)
possess animals yaa dɔngsi
possess, have yali
possessor, -tee-n (Naden)
pot, kuruba (Cahill)
pot, gbeeng (Cahill), gbieke (Cahill), gbee-n/gbeesi (Naden), gbiesi, Bal: gbieng
potash, jim, E
potsherd, chinchaŋ, {takabi, cf. chinchiak, calabash sherd} pl. chinchana
potter gbiewunsiru
pound, kusi (Cahill); kuri (Cahill), kuuri, E
pound (in mortar) kuri
pour, sita (Naden), pour pito, tiagi daabu, E2
pour siti
powdered tobacco, asara, {saarik}
power, hagriŋ (Y) (Naden)
practise magic or witchcraft nyung
praise name, biisiŋ, e
pray, pwuosi (Cahill)
pregnancy, nyuuti, E14
press, nmugsi (Y), nmoosi (N) (Naden)
pretty: to be pretty, veena (Naden)
pretty, adj, veen-ŋ/-veena (Naden)
prince, na-bua, E
problem, wííng / wìà (Cahill)
problems, buuŋ-bɔglu,
prohibition, chara, E
protect kagi
puberty age: vuliide; hogus vuliide
pull, dati (Cahill, Naden); dati
purify, psi, E12
push, kpangi (Cahill), kpani (Naden)
push, t (Naden)
push, a ŋusi, push for her, n ŋusi yiwa
put into, yi (Naden)
put on top, diisi (Cahill)
put away nagi dung luging
put (lay) down nagi dung
put on the fire nagi a yi bolibu me
put through
put into nagi a yi
put straight nagi a duang ang ka tugisi
put on clothes yeegi nyingyeeke
python waakpiing

Q

quake dung
quickly, lêŋlêŋ (Konlan)
quiet, to keep qiet, tari, E
quiver, daag-ŋ (Naden), daagiŋ Ba

R

rabbit, soom-n/soonsi (Naden)
radio, walansi (Engl. wireless) (Naden)
rags, gachoti, {gachiak, pl. gaachaata}
rain, n., niing, niin /niiti (Cahill), neen (Naden)
rain v., ni (na, nee, Naden), nii (Cahill)
rain niing
rain nii
rainy season yibing
raise, nagi (Naden)
ram yiraang Ba
rat, giant rat, dayo-n/dayura (Naden), E21
rattle (frame -) naachiima, FB81
reach, tugi (Naden)
read, karim (Ar., Ha.) (Naden); karing
reap gobi
receive, tu (Naden)
recite many things, kaati
red adj., -nmin-n/-nmina (Naden), mwuuling (Cahill), ngmunung/ngmuna (Cahill)
red, ŋminiŋ, {muning}
red thing, ja-ŋminŋ, {ja-moanung} (Naden)
red: to be red, nmint- (Naden) mwuulling (Cahill)
red jangmining
red pepper naanju-ngmina
red-headed lizard guradaang
refuse, mo (Naden)
refuse zeti
refuse-to-do, zat- (Naden), zeti, E7, E8
region, country tingbang
reins, -/-zunzgti (Naden)
reject, zeti, {zeri, reject, refuse}
relationship, maariŋ
release, foosi (Y), fɔli (N) (Naden)
remember, tiensi (Cahill), teesi (Naden); tiinsi
remove a specific prohibition, vuasi hɔgu chuara, E
remove, fosi (Cahill)
request juusi
resemble niasi
respond, yi(wa) (Naden)
rest, breathe, voosim (Naden), voosi, vosi (Cahill)
return, come back, kuli (Naden)
return yingngi
revolve, viisi (Cahill)
rib, gim-giŋ/gim-bie (Naden)
rib(s) gembing, gembie
rice, memie (Cahill); mimmie
rich ligiretieng
right, diging/diige (Cahill)
right nudiiging
right-(hand), (nu)-diig-ŋ (Naden)
rightside nudiigingchaang
ring, nanipirma (Naden)
ring nupiring
ripe, to be, bi (Cahill)
ripe biye
ripen, bii- (Naden)
rise (sun), pohsi (Naden)
rise hagi
river, múgúng /múgà (Cahill), mog-n/moga (Naden)
river, bla,{beli}
river mɔging
road, see-ku/seeti (Naden), {siuk, pl. suita}
road sieng
roast, si (Naden), sii, E6
roast (over fire) sii
rob, zu (N), gaa- (Y) (Naden)
robber, gbìgbàtìrú (Cahill)
robe (male) jayeekiwang
rock salt, kwongwa (Cahill)
rock tang
roof, v., pili (Cahill), a plii
roof, n., flat roof, kosuŋ, E
roof juongsikpeng
room, juung (Cahill)
room (spec.), sanuaŋ
room owner (husband / wife), juoŋ tieŋ
room, juoŋ
root (spec.), siliŋsuuling
root, da-giri-n/girsi (Naden); Bal: daagring, pl. daagrisi (also “medicine, concoction, med. pot”)
root, giding/gidisi (Cahill)
root, ti-nan/tinansi (B) (Naden)
root nagirisi
rope (kenaf), guung/guune, gu!ung, gwuung (Cahill), gu-ŋ/guuni (Naden)
rope guung
ropes of special tree, balinbuuti
rot, be rotten huugi
rotten, wuusing/wuusa (Cahill)
rotten, to be -, huugi (Cahill)
rotten: to make rotten, hoogi (Y), woogi (N) , Na.
rotten huugi
round, -ki-n/- (Y), gili-gil-n; -giligi-n/-gilimí (N) (Naden)
round, giliking/gilike (Cahill)
round off
round jaguliming
rub, zoosi (Y), zim (N) (Naden)
rub, sudisi (Cahill)
rub tiigi
rubbish heap tanguung
rumour mongering, kuagaariŋ
run, chigi (Cahill, Naden), chigi

S

sack, borga (Naden)
sack, bwuura (Cahill)
sack, billoging (Cahill)
sacrifice kaabing
saliva, nuntobiti (pl.) (Cahill)
saliva ningtɔbiti
salt petre, jintuaŋ, {kaam?)
salt yaasi, yeesi/- (Cahill), yaasi (Naden)
salt yasi
saltpetre, kwongwong (Hausa)(Cahill)
sand, tamusing/tamusiti (Cahill), tambusun (Naden)
sand tanbusing
sandal, neeru/neera (Naden)
sandal(s) niira
satisfied,be, cagi (Naden)
satisfy chagi
sauce, jiti (Naden); jiti
say, ba (Cahill)
say bali
scarification, marking, wie, {wie}
scarves, bwobsi (Cahill)
scissors, cabili (Naden); chabiti
scorpion, chiakorong (Cahill)
scorpion, black~, sáabádíndì (Cahill)
scorpion, tenkuru-n/-kurti (Naden)
scorpion chiakurung
scrape kating
scratch away the soil kpiari
scratch yibi
sea mɔgikpiing
season: rainy season, yib-n (Y) (Naden), 2005: yibiŋ
season: dry, wunyel-n (Y) (Naden), wuyialinŋ, E; wi-yaliŋ
season between dry and wet, harmattan: ta-faaŋ (Okt/Nov)
season of hunger, kôŋ ŋmiŋ
seat (clay bank near the entrance of a room), koriŋ, koring (Cahill)
secret: I have exposed your secret acts, folee, {pilei}
section of a compound, gbaaŋ / gbaati
seduction, (hɔgu) gbatikiŋ
see yee, yie (Cahill), ye (Naden)
seed of millet, zu-buura, E {za-buura}
seed, bing/bie (Cahill)
seed jabuuring
seize, na (Naden)
self, -gbang (Cahill)
-self gbamg
sell, da, {da} (Naden)
sell daa /yalli
send tung
senior, most senior married woman of a compound, tigŋhɔgu jakuuŋ, E
senior person (male), nimoa (Naden)
senior jakuung
sense, ya(a) (Naden)
separate puo
servant dundobing
serve, jiaŋ, E
service: bridal service, haniiti, E
set, fix
set a trap bati chachabi
seven, 7, -yɔpwɛ, yɔpwɛŋ, ayɔpwɛy, {-yuepoi} Na.
seven ayɔpoi
seventeen bang-angang – ayɔpoi
seventy, baŋsuyɔpwɛ (Naden)
seventy bangisiyɔpoi
sew, baali (Cahill), baal- (Naden)
sew baali
sex, have sex with a woman, a yaali hɔgu
shade, shelter jágíng / jàgâ (Cahill)
shadow, sisee (Naden)
shadow ligising
shallow ka ka goli
shame, viivi, vivii, E2, E17
shameful, viili, E1
share v., tia, E; tia
sharing, tiasi, E
sharp: be sharp, die (Cahill)
sharp (taste)
sharp ka diie
sharpen, nyuogsa (Cahill)
sharpen, whet nyugisi
shave wung
shaving knife, bariŋ
she, he, u (Cahill) o, wo, wa (Naden) u, {o, wa}
she, wuning (Cahill)
shea butter, kpaaŋ, {kpaam}
sheabutter-tree, ta-n/taasi (Naden)
sheafruit, taam-n/taama (Naden), taaŋ
sheanut, kpi-n/kpiisi (Naden)
sheanut shell (hollow), kpihaŋ
sheanut, taaŋ
shed, open shed before the compound, jagiŋ, {kusung}
sheep, yising (Cahill), yiisun/yiisi (Naden)
shell, wuuri (Cahill)
shell gbagiling
shells, hagiti (Cahill)
shelter, jaging/jaga (Cahill)
sherd, potsherd, chinchaŋ, pl. chinchana
shilling, sule, {sula}
shin naakpiang
shining nyigising
shirt jayeeking
shoe, niiring (Cahill)
shoe kugute
shoot (gun) taa
short, gubing/gubi, gwobing (Cahill), -gɔb-ŋ (Naden)
short jagobing
shoulder, bingkpiang (Cahill), bunkpeeya/bunkpeeta (Naden)
shoulder bingkpiang
shout nati
show, v., baan (Naden)
show dagi
shrine (powerful), daagri kpiiŋ (syn. buu kpiiŋ), {cf. kpieng, big, powerful}
shrine (powerful), buu, (syn. daagri kpiiŋ), {bogluk?}
shrine (sp.), Ziama
shrine, bon-ŋ /buguli (N) (Naden), buuŋ, E
shrine, mongoose-shrine, jadoŋ, E
shrine, buguti (Y) (Naden)
shrine name, buuŋ saaŋ
shrine, spec., kɔgla
shrine, spec., daagiri saaŋ
shrine, spec., kwata, {Kasem: kwara}
shrine-owner, buubu tieŋ, bugile tieŋ
shut, close, ligi (Naden), {ligi}
sibling, nimbua (Cahill)
sick, to be sick (hot): tuu
sick yuagi
sickle, gɔtig-/gɔtigsi (Naden)
sickle gotige
sickness, -/yogti (Naden)
sickness yuagiti
side, luging (Cahill)
sieve v., duunti, E27
sift visiga
silent: to be silent, tari (N) (Naden)
silver ligiriyala
similar, -/tamba (Naden)
sin, taali (Cahill)
sing (cut songs), chia yila (Cahill), yila (Naden)
sing chia
singer, chiaru, pl. chiariŋ
single, kaani (Cahill)
sink, na (Naden)
sink suung chiang
sister, brother, (of a man), taa, {toa}
sister taa
sit near fire, wieli (Cahill)
sit well, come again, miŋŋi kala, {kali magsi}
sit (down), kala, kali, keli (Cahill), kal-, kala, {kali} (Naden); kali
six pence, tɔgfa, {togfa}
six, 6, -yooba, bayooba (Naden)
six ayɔɔba
sixteen bang-angang – ayɔɔba
sixty, baŋsuyooba (Naden)
sixty bangisiyɔɔba
skin, human skin, nyin-gban-n (B) (Naden), nyingbaniŋ
skin, gbaning/gbanti (Cahill), gban-n/gbanti (Naden)
skin nyinggbaning
skull, sikpon-kob-n (Naden)
skull sikpengkogiling
sky, ngmung/–(Cahill), nee-nmare (Naden)
sky ngmingsikpeng
slander chuusi saang
slaughter kɔribi
slave, yoomu, yom-ŋ /doobi (Y) (Naden),{yomo}
slave (female) yɔnghɔgu
slave (male) yɔngdembing
sleep (v.), guram (Naden), {N goa}
sleep, gbin!ng (Cahill)
sleep, n., gbeen (Naden)
sleep guuri
sleep gbiing
sleep,v., gora (Naden), guuri, E, guda (Cahill)
slender: to be slender, birin (N) (Naden)
slender, -nyeeli/- (Y) (Naden)
slim, -nyeeli/- (Y) (Naden)
slim: to be slim, birin (N) (Naden)
slimy vegetable, saaliŋ, {saalim, sliminess}
small, bita (Cahill)
small, bing/bisi (Cahill), -bi-n/bisi (Naden), bing, bisi (Naden), {bili}
small jabing
smash ngmabi
smell, n., nyuugim, nyug- (Naden),, nyuugi {nyum}
smell nyuuging
smithy, chaaŋ, E
smock, cloth (white), fuusa
smoke n., nyoosi (Naden), nguusi (pl.) (Cahill)
smoke nyuusi
smooth: to be smooth, sulisuli (Cahill)
smooth: to be smooth, salgi- (Y), sags- (N), Na.
smooth jasolele
snail kpingkpaworijaagu
snake, waag-ŋ, pl. wiigi, , waagim/wiigi (Naden), {waab, pl. wiiga}
snake, javuking/nyingvuki (Cahill), ja-vugu/nyin-vuuki (Na)
snake javuuking
snatching away the girl friend, hɔgu yikiŋ, {yigi, to catch}
sneeze, tisin (Naden)
sneeze chisiming
snore kooring
soap, viige (Cahill)
soap finfani
sobbing siginte
soft ka ka hagiri
soil, (Y), tanti (N) (Naden)
soil tanti
sole of foot, naatali (Cahill)
sole naatali
some atang
son, young man, nahaaru
son, dawa/dabibiŋ (Naden)
son nahaaru
son-in-law haniing
song, yilli, pl. yila, {yiili, pl. yiila} (Naden)
song yili
soot
soothsayer, buguru/buguti (Y), bugur-ŋ/bugurum (N) (Naden), bùgùrú (Cahill), {baanoa}
sore, wound kujaging
sores, kujaga, kujagaga (Cahill)
sorghum, za-hala (Naden)
sorghum zaa; kaunta?
soul, chigina, {chiik, soul}
soup, spec., finani, E
soup prepared with baobab leaves, tuoliŋ kpaŋ, {tuik, baobab}
soup, jitit (Cahill), jiti, {jenta} jiti
sour ngmiising
source (water), bil-n/bulsi, bula, (Y), bul-n/bulsi, bulunk (N) (Naden)
south tingluging
sow buri
sow pereku-niing
sparrow, gìmíng /gìmé
speak, bala (Naden)
speaking, balika, belika (Cahill)
spear timing
sperma, sunsoŋ, infertile sperma, sunsoŋ saalim (slimy urine)
spider, wundar-ŋ/wundarsi (Naden)
spider, ngmondaring, gmíndáríng (Cahill)
spider ngmingdaring
spin, v., ngmee, ŋwee- (Naden)
spine sunsung-ang-kɔbing
spirit, jadoŋ, {jadok}
spirit, chigina, {chiik, soul}
spirit haaling
spit tiri nintɔbiti
spittle, nintɔbti (Naden)
spleen, ya(a) (Naden)
split, wati (Cahill, Naden)
split puo
spoil, cuusi(Naden), {kaasi}
spoon, sekwuuting, sekuuting (Cahill)
spoon diising
spot, jig-n; logo (Naden)
spread out jati
spring bulung
sprite, kpunkpar-n/-kparsi (Naden)
spy mimasi-daasiru
squeeze, nmugsi (Y), nmoosi (N) (Naden)
squeeze, ngmuga (Cahill)
squeeze out ngmu
squeeze ngmu
squirrel, sis-ŋ/sisɛ (Naden), black squirrel, chi-sob
squirrel chiing
stab tɔbi
stamp (feet)
stand v., ze (Naden), zie (Cahill)
stand (up) zie
standard, precedent, lokoli
star, chingmading/chingmadisi (Ca), ci-ŋmar-ŋ/ci-ŋmaarsi (Na)
star chingmarisi
stay bemme
steal, zu (N), gaa- (Y) (Naden), gaari, E8; gaari
steam n., nyoosi (Naden)
stick, piece of wood, daaŋ, daaku, pl. daati (Naden), daang (Cahill), {duok, daata}
stink, fiisa, {fi-fiisa = anus}
stink, nyug-, N: fiisa (Naden)
stink nyuugibia
stir, woora (Cahill)
stirring-stick, sa-wuru (Y.) (Naden), sawurisi, pl., {sapiri}
stirring-stick like paddle: sawuri kpiiŋ, like diviner: sawuri biŋ
stock of firewood, daa nyiŋ
stomach, wutulung/wutulisi (Cahill)
stomach, nyuote, nyuoti (Cahill), -/nyooti (Naden)
stone, grinding~, nííng /níà (Cahill)
stone, tang/tana (Cahill), taŋ, pl. tana (Naden),, tanni/tana (Naden){tain, tana}
stone tang
stop fighting, goori (Cahill)
stop up vaa
story, nandad-ŋ/- (Naden)
story, -/sunsɔbila (Naden)
story sunsobliling
straight: to be straight, tuuli (Naden)
straight, bwoli (Cahill)
straight tugisi
straighten, tiiri (Cahill)
strange wuhaaling
stranger, chaanu, , caan-ŋ/caana (Naden), chaanu (Cahill), jujuuru, E, {chaanoa, nichaanoa}
stranger chaanu
straw door, kaariŋ
straws, minchii, E
strength, hagriŋ (Y) (Naden)
strength hagiring
stretch, ceel- (Y), yɛlg (N) (Naden)
stretch tiinti
stretch one’s self
stretcher, gboŋ, {gban-doari}
strike, nigi (Naden)
string together, a kpugi
string, guuŋ
strip off (e.g. a smock) wurum (garuku) FB 05,80
strong hagiri
structure (raised) with sticks, dalali
stuff, v., to stuff sth (e.g. into a horn), nyiiri, E
stump, dààgbúgíng / dààgbúgê (Cahill)
stupid gaamu
stutter
suck, mugisi, (Cahill)
suck, nyugsa, (Y), nyoosa (N) (Naden)
suck nyuusi
suffer di wahala
suffice, m (Naden)
sugar cane kunchianansing
sulphor, crystalline, jiribi, E
sun, ngming/–, ngmong (Cahill), nmin- (Naden)
sun ngming
sunlight, nmin-to-n/-toosi (Naden)
sunrise, east, ngmiŋ pɔsikiŋ, {wen pusika}
sunrise ngmingpɔsing
sunset, west, ŋmiŋ juukiŋ, ŋmin juuluŋ, {wen singika}
sunset ngmingnaning
sunshine ngmingchaaning
surpass, tee (Naden)
surpass tiang
surround giling
swallow, nyi, {nyu, to drink, ne to swallow}, Na.
swallow nyii
swamp
swear, huu, E, kaa (challenge, swear, Ba)
swearing, huusi, E
sweat, wolin (Naden)
sweat waling
sweat sii waling
sweep, saa (Naden); saari
sweet, saŋsa (pl.) (Naden)
sweet portato, nambonyuuring (Cahill)
sweet, násé, -/nansa (N) (Naden)
sweet nansing
swell mɔri
swell,v., mɔri (Naden) mudi (Cahill)
swim, dugi (Y), suo (N) (Naden)
swim, suo (Cahill); suo
swing viisi
sword, tana/taná (Naden)
sword takoobi
T.Z., saan (Naden), tuon zaafi, saaŋ, E

T

taboo: it is taboo, di chuari miŋm, E
tail, jung/jua (Cahill), jo-n/jugti (Naden)
tail chiajung
take, na (Naden), miŋ??
take (away) nagi
take out of vuari
take leave of ga
tale, nandad-ŋ/- (Naden)
tale, -/sunsɔbila (Naden)
talk bali
tame animals
taste v., lansi (Naden)
taste lang
tasteless, pitti (Cahill)
teach dagi
teacher (= shower), dìdàgìrú (Cahill)
tear v., cir, ciir (Naden)
tear chiiri
teat, nipple bisnuang
tell, sobil- (Naden)
tell bali
ten, bang (Cahill), baŋ /baŋsi (Naden)
ten bang
termite, white ant tugibie
termite(s), kpacoo (Naden)
terrace (roof), kosuŋ, E
testicles, -/yolma (Naden)
testicles yɔlima
that di
thatched roof, mumpli (Naden)
the, ku (Cahill)
theft, gaariŋ, E8
there, mii (Cahill)
there is, bɛ…ri (Naden)
there mi
they, ba, baning (Cahill), ba (Naden), {ba}
they all, ba mana (Naden)
they baning
thick, fat koolang/koola kwolung, wooling (Cahill)
thick: to be thick, jigsi, (Naden)
thick kɔɔli
thickness kɔɔling
thief, (lit deceiver), gààrú (Cahill)
thief, gaaru/gaarin, (Naden)
thief gaaru
thigh, kpiiling (Ca), kpiil-ŋ/kpiila (Na); kpiiling
thin: to be thin, birin (N) (Naden)
thin, nyeding/nyede (Cahill), -nyeeli/- (Y) (Naden)
thin (skinny) kɔgiling
thin nyeeri
thing, jaang (Cahill), ja-ku (Naden), ju-ku/nyinti (Naden), {jaab}
think, tiensi (Cahill), teens- (Y), yiili (N) (Naden)
think, ya (Cahill)
think, yitama (Cahill)
think yili
thirst nyenyuure (Cahill), nyenyuuri (Naden)
thirst nyanyuule
thirteen bang-angang – ate
thirty, baŋsita (Naden), {pisita}
thirty bangsita
this, -gie (Cahill)
this, di (Naden)
this genke
thorn tree, haŋuoŋ
thorn, aŋgo/aŋgoosi (Naden), kpegliŋ, E4
thorn hangoong
thou, fi, fining (Cahill)
thou, you funing
thousand, 1000, tus-ŋ, {tusidi} (Naden)
thread guung
three, 3, -ta, 3(Naden), ta (Cahill), {-ta}
three ata
threepence, sampoa, {sampok}
thresh nagi
throat, lɔl-ŋ/lɔlti (Naden)
throat lɔliwiing
throw, ta (Y, N), vugi (N) (Naden), vugi (Cahill)
throw taa
Throw! Tama! (Naden)
throw away, taam
thumb, núkpáang / núkpárà (Cahill)
thumb, nu-bi-ŋ/nu-bisi (Naden)
thunder, natt(na) (Naden)
thunder niinating
tick kpajing
tie v., bwobi, bobi (Cahill)
tie; bind bɔbi
tiger-cat haangbaang
time sangnga
tin kongkong
tired, to be -, gbaligi, gbeligi (Cahill)
to rest voosi
toad, buntuung /bùntùrá (Cahill)
toad yaning
tobacco, taba (Naden), tɔba, {taba}
tobacco, powdered, asara, sari (ground t.) {saarik}
tobacco tɔba
today, jinne (Cahill)
today, dinni (Naden); jinne
toe, na-bi-n/-bisi (Naden)
toe naakpaang
toenail, nayibing (Cahill)
tomorrow, sorong, surung (Cahill), soor-/sol-ŋ (Naden)
tomorrow soring
Tongo shrine, yaaba
Tongo-fetish, toŋu, {tong}
tongue, jiling/jiliti (Cahill), jil-n/jilti, jila, jilsi (Naden)
tongue jiiling
tooth, nying/nyina, niiying (Cahill), nyi-ŋ/nyina (Naden)
tooth nying
tortoise, water tortoise, leelu/leelti (Naden)
tortoise, kùlí / kùlé (Ca), kulli/kulí (Na) koli; kuli
touch, gbi (Cahill)
touch gbii
town, ting (Cahill)
town, city tigikpiing
traveller (road walker), síe chúntú (Cahill)
treat, a gbaaŋ
tree, tiing/tiisi (Cahill), tii, tii-ka, pl. tiisi (Naden), {tiib}
tree (sp.), sɛɣsi, {siik, pl. siisa ???} (Naden)
tree, sp., kong (Cahill)
tree, sp., jiiŋ
tree, sp., sɛ-ŋ/sɛgtsi (Naden)
tree, sp., yig-ŋ (Naden)
tree, thorn-tree? naango-ŋ (Naden)
tree leaves, taanvaati, {vaata, leaves}
tree tiing
tremble cheli
trouble, gádámà
trousers, (?) pants peetwo (Cahill)
trousers turaza
true, to be -; wunsi (Cahill)
trunk tiing sunsung
truth, wunsie, {wensie, truth}
truth: Udi yi wo? Is it true?
truth wusie
try (v.), i (Naden)
tuberculosis, black cough, kwasi sɔbling, {kosuk, cough}
turkey, kulikuli (Naden)
turn sour ngmiisi
turn around yingngi
twelve bang-angang – ale
twenty, bengsilie (Cahill), baŋsili (Naden)
twenty bangsile
twenty-one, baŋsile yan kaani (Naden)
twenty-one bangisile-angang – kaani
twenty-two banisile-angang – ale
twig of thorn, haŋguoŋ,
twin yiibing
twins, yiibiŋ, Pl. yiiba, {yibsa}
twins’ pot, yiiba-pot, gbieng
twist, nmiil, ŋmiili (Naden), ŋwee- (Naden), {melin, ngmielim}
two hundred, 200, koobsile
two, 2, -le, -li (Cahill), {-ye}
two ale
two hundred kɔbisile

U

ugly, -loro (Naden)
ugly lɔra
ululation, a shrill sound of the tongue made by women, kulii, {wuuliing}
umarried, kpaŋ, E
umbilical cord, sinkpariŋ, navel, {siuk}
uncle, maternal uncle, nyisa (Naden)
uncle, younger brother of father, cesa (Naden)
uncle, elder brother of father, coora (Naden)
uncle, chɔkura, pl. chasa,
uncle yisa
under-side, cheang (Cahill)
underneath chiang
understand, woŋ, wuma, {wom} (Naden)
undress wuri (s. stripp off)
unfriendly: to be unfr., ninŋmissa
unripe, -kas-n/-kasa (Naden)
unripe jakasing
untie, foosi (Y), fɔli (N) (Naden)
untie forisi
up, top (“head”), sikpeng (Cahill)
upper arm, biceps nugiring
urinate, suns- (Naden); sɔbi sunsong
urine, sunson (Naden), sunsoŋ; sunsong
useless, togu, E
uterine relationship, sugita, E12

V

vagina, front, niŋŋa, {ning, front}
vagina taaging
vegetable (slimy), like spinach, saaliŋ, E4, E15
vegetable (spec.), wagiti, {wogta?}
vein, gil-n/gila (Naden)
vein giling
vessel for drinking water, water pot, kpagiŋ, pl. kpaga, {liik}
vessel for storing water, nyaaŋ gbieŋ, pl. nyaaŋ gbiesi
vessel: pot for serving soup, timbali, pl. timbala, {cheng}
village, teen, tigib-n (Naden)
village tingkpangnga
visitors, strangers? chaaniŋ, {nichaanoa}
Vitex? nyeer-ŋ (Naden)
Voandzeia, siimi, pl., E, Voanezia (beans), -/siimi (Naden)
voice lɔling
vomit, tii (Naden, Cahill); tii
vulture, zùùng (Cahill), zuu-ŋ/zuuti (Naden)
vulture zuung
vulva, taag-n/taaga (Naden)

W

wailing, kiesiŋ
waist, cheang (Cahill)
waist-cloth
wait, chise (Cahill)
walk, chung (Cahill), co(N)- (Naden)
walk chung
walking stick, cane dangbiang
wall, kokwa (Cahill)
wall, paŋ,, pa-n/pansi (Naden) {parik}
wall, gaaming (Cahill)
wall pang
war, tɔŋ (Naden); tɔng
warm tuuli
warm one’s self weeli
wart-hog
wash, sugidi, suguri (Cahill), suguli (Y), niti (N) (Naden), {suuri}
wash sugiri
wasp vunungvuuning
watch, v. jima, jiima (Cahill)
watch, dansi (Cahill)
water calabash, kwuulung (Cahill)
water: good water, nay viingiŋ
water yam, kuboru
water nyaang/nyaati (Cahill), nyaaŋ (Naden), nyaaŋ, nyuooŋ, E23, {nyiam, nyiem}
water nyaang
water-pot, jar kpaging
watering place, bila (Cahill)
way, see-ku/seeti (Naden)
we, our, ti
we, ti, tining (Cahill, Tahiru); tining
weak wɔbi
wear clothes, yeegi (Naden)
weave, kpuga (Cahill)
weave yuga (Cahill)
weave, bogti (Naden)
weave nyugi
weaver yuyuguru
wedding, marriage, act of marrying hɔgu faariŋ, {nipok faarika}
weed kua
weeding, bad weeding, kpia nyagla, E23
week, bekwai (Cahill)
weep, kum (Naden), kuŋ, E
weep, sara (Cahill)
weep, kaasi (Naden)
welcome, musung (Cahill)
well (water) bulung
west, sunset, ŋmiŋ juukiŋ, ŋmin juuluŋ, {wen singika} Ba: ŋmiŋ junkŋ
west tingsikpeng
wet, sunsi (Cahill), soos- (Y), suns-, fiel- (N) (Naden)
what?, bia (Cahill), be, bee (Naden), {boa} bia
What is this? Bee wunde? (Naden)
when? on which day? da-be (Naden)
when? tam bia (Cahill)
when? sangnga bia
Where is the fire? Boluŋ bɛ see? {bolim, fire}, Na.
where? whereto? see
where? siya, shiya, sya (Cahill)
where? sia
whip (cane), viiri, E
whip; flog tibi
whistle (wind), cel, cem (Naden)
whistle (person), foosa (Naden)
white adj., yelɔŋ/yela (Naden), yieliŋ,yiɛliŋ yiealiŋ, E6, E25, yeeling/yeela (Cahill), {pielim}
white man (name for a boy), Babugu
white man, habugu
white: to be white, yɛnti (Naden)
white jayaling
white man nasaaring
Whiteman, Nasaara (Naden)
who? minaa, minia (Ca), mini, minee (Na); minia
why? bia
wide, teeliking /teelike (Cahill)
wide teeling
widen, ceel- (Y), yɛlg (N) (Naden)
widow inheritance, inheriting a deceased person’s wife, kpihoogu, {kpi, to die}
widowhood rite, ligi kpihɔgu, pl. kpihɔgiti, {pokong, widow}
wife, co-wife, nyantgaalim, pl. nyantaa (Naden)
wife: first wife after proper courtship, nahaata hɔgu
wife, hogu/hoba, hoong (Cahill)
wife hɔgu
wife’s mother, hanii hɔgu
wife’s father, hanii daa
wild tua
wild-cat huung
wind, bullogising/bullogisiti (Cahill), bulogsin (Naden)
wind bulɔgising
wine daang
wing, chubing/chubiti (Cahill), cubu-ŋ (Naden)
wing chobing
winnow chaari
wipe chiti
wish v., yala (Naden)
wish, want yaala / cho
witch, uŋŋaŋ vuoŋ, E14
witch yungangvuong
witchcraft, yunŋ, E28
with x, angang x(Cahill); angang
woman, nipuoŋ, {nipok}
woman, wife, hogu/hooba (Cahill), hɔgɔ, hoa/hɔba, hɔm (Y), ŋɔgɔ/wom (Naden), ŋoge (B), hɔgu
woman: a wife acquired after offering courtship money, hɔgu sukiŋ,
woman: a wife snatched away without observing all courtship procedures, hɔgu yikiŋ,
woman: an unmarried woman, hɔgu kpaŋ
woman: barren woman, woman who has not given birth, həgu priŋ
woman: devil-woman, (e.g. a woman who aborts), hɔgubiaŋ,{biak, bad}
woman: elderly lady in a family, old wife, hɔgu jakuuŋ, hɔgu kuuŋ
woman: newly married wife, hɔgu haalu
woman hɔgu
wood, bɔŋu (Naden)
wood (piece), daauku/daatti (Naden)
word nuangwiing
words nuangwia
work n., wasi (Naden)
work tuuma
work tung
worker, tùtùngú (Cahill)
workshop of blacksmith, chakutu
worm, bariya/bariyati (Y), -/gbedibti (N) (Naden)
worm, gbadiang/gbadiati (Cahill)
worm gbariang
wrist, nuchikisa, nuchiksing (Cahill)
write, sɔbi, (Y), ŋmors- (N) (Naden)
write maagi
wrong, to go ~, a chabi

Y

yam, nyong, nyúng / nyúà (Cahill), nyu-n/nyua (Naden), nyuŋ, pl. nyua, {nyuri}
yam yung
yawn, ngaasi (N.), yeesi (Y.) (Naden)
yawn heesi
ye, ni, nining (Cahill)
year, bing/bina (Cahill); bing
years, gbina (Naden)
yellow, duuzung/duzunti (Cahill)
yellow duuzong
yesterday, soosra (Naden)
yesterday, dieni (Cahill), diin, diini (Naden)
yesterday dienewo
Yikpabongu, Jikpiebɔŋŋu,
you (sing.), fi, fu, (Naden 85), {fi, fu}
you (pl.), ni, {ni}
you (pl.) nining
young man, son, nahaaru, cf. buagŋ (Ba)
young japɔli
younger brother nimbua
younger sister taa bing
younger sibling nimballi
youth balihaala

• Konni-English Dictionary